Mitsui consortium
Japanese consortium. The total assets are 36 trillion yen and the employees are nearly 240,000. The core members are 24 monopoly enterprises, including 2 banks, 2 insurance companies, industrial and mining enterprises 15, trading companies 1 home, department stores 1 home, real estate industry 1 home and 2 transportation enterprises. The managers' meeting composed of these enterprises, called Ermuhui, is the highest leading body of Mitsui Consortium. Among them, Mitsui Bank, Mitsui Property and Mitsui Real Estate Company are the three pillar enterprises of the consortium, and the leaders of these three enterprises form the highest leadership core, representing the Mitsui Consortium. In addition to the member enterprises of Ermu Club, there are 16 directly affiliated subsidiaries participating in Yueyao Club instead of Ermu Club. In addition, Mitsui Foundation also controls a number of affiliated companies through loans, shareholding and personnel relations, including 65,438+065,438+04 affiliated companies, with a shareholding ratio of over 65,438+00%.
The predecessor of Mitsui Consortium is Mitsui chaebol ruled by Mitsui family. On 1673, the founder Haruhiro Mitsui opened silk and satin shops in Edo (now Tokyo) and Kyoto, and later ran a money house. From the 65438+1920s, Mitsui Exchange Shop, which mainly handled currency exchange business, became commercial capital and usury capital, and funded feudal princes to arrange exchange for Tokugawa shogunate, becoming a wealthy businessman as a privileged businessman. During the Meiji Restoration, the Mitsui family transferred to the imperial court, funded the new imperial government to dispatch soldiers' salaries, developed into a political business, was taken care of by the Meiji government, and took control of the national financial industry. On this basis, 1876 Mitsui Bank, the first private bank in Japan, was opened and Mitsui Property Company was established. 19 10 established a general holding company, which basically formed a modern mitsui chaebol. After World War I, Mitsui chaebol became the largest monopoly capital group. By the end of World War II, Mitsui chaebol had 273 direct and affiliated companies and their subsidiaries. Mitsui chaebol was dissolved once after this. In the early 1950s, Mitsui Bank initiated the establishment of the Yueyao Club, and then set up a five-day meeting at the general manager level for the purpose of promoting the merger of Mitsui & Co., Ltd., and changed its name to Ermu Club on 1960, gradually becoming the overall leading body of Mitsui Consortium. At the end of 1950s, the direct subsidiaries and subsidiaries of the former Mitsui chaebol were assembled in the form of a new enterprise group and restored to become a big consortium. Mitsui Consortium has more than 150 member companies, their subsidiaries and joint companies.
Mitsubishi consortium
Mitsubishi consortium was founded in 1956, and its predecessor was "Old Mitsubishi Corporation" (this company was ordered by the United States to be decentralized by the Japanese government in the second half of 1947). "Dissolving the chaebol" dissolved the blood relationship.
The relationship between the chaebol family, the collapse of the master-slave relationship between the main company and the subsidiary, enhanced the autonomy of the subsidiary, thus making employees work harder. Establish capital and
The new system of relatively independent management has played a positive role in promoting the development of the company. The group mainly deals in heavy industry and chemical industry, as well as six Japanese consortia (Mitsui Consortium and Sumitomo Finance).
Group, Fuji Consortium, Sanhe Consortium, First Bank Consortium), Mitsubishi Consortium is the most powerful. Among them, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Sanliang Steel, Mitsubishi Chemical and mitsubishi electric are all the same industries in China.
Traffic companies are also among the best in the world.
Sumitomo consortium
As early as the16th century, the Sumitomo family developed and became the official copper supplier in Japan, mainly serving some powerful families in Japan at that time, including the Tokugawa shogunate, which ruled Japan for more than 200 years from 1603 to 1868. At that time, the head of the family proudly declared that Sumitomo Trading Company was the largest copper exporter in the world.
/kloc-In the mid-9th century, the Japanese market gradually opened to the west, and Sumitomo Trading Co., Ltd. also developed more extensively in iron and steel smelting, steelmaking and other fields. By the beginning of the 20th century, the Sumitomo family had rapidly developed into the third largest financial chaebol in Japan.
During the 1930s and World War II, some monopoly groups with political influence became the main followers of Japanese militarism, and Sumitomo Corporation was no exception. During this period, the family centralization of Sumitomo consortium became more obvious, and most of its industries were concentrated in the hands of Sumitomo family. By 1937 and 16 generations, the Sumitomo family has mastered as much as 90% of the total share capital of the consortium.
After Japan's defeat, the chaebol disintegrated and reorganized into enterprise groups under the restriction of the United States. The political and economic influence of the Sumitomo family in Japan has also been greatly weakened. However, with the recovery of Japan's economy after the war, Sumitomo Consortium made a comeback and grew stronger and stronger. Since then, Sumitomo Corporation has participated more extensively in international trade activities in the fields of metals, machinery, petroleum, chemicals, food and textiles, and has become the core enterprise of Sumitomo Consortium and one of the four largest traders in Japan.