Hong Kong is located in the south of China, east of the Pearl River Estuary, along the South China Sea, adjacent to Shenzhen, Guangdong in the north, and the Pearl River in the west, facing the Macao Special Administrative Region, Zhuhai City and Zhongshan City across the Pearl River Estuary. Hong Kong includes Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories. Hongkong has been the territory of China since ancient times. 1 July 19971day, People's Republic of China (PRC) resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was established.
2021May 1 1 day, the results of the seventh national census were announced: by 0: 00 in 2020, the population of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was 7,474,200.
Chinese name
Hong Kong
zone
1 106.34 square kilometers
Foreign name
Hong Kong
Population size
7474200 people (the seventh national census)
Another name
Xiangjiang River, Xiangdao Island and Pearl of the Orient
About 6.5438+0.29 million years ago, there were early ancients (Maba people) in Lingnan area. In the pre-Qin period, Lingnan (including Hong Kong) was the land of Baiyue, which was called Baiyue in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, Nanyue in Historical Records and Nanyue in Hanshu. According to official records, Lingnan is a "land of barbarians", and it was not until Qin Jun went south that it merged into civilization. But in recent years, the archaeological community has found that this view is a "historical misunderstanding." A large number of unearthed cultural relics show that Lingnan area had splendid Neolithic and Bronze Age civilizations before Qin Dynasty, and it was also one of the cradles of Chinese civilization [1].
Qin and Han dynasties
In 222 BC, after Ying Zheng, king of Qin, unified the six countries, he sent Tu Youyou to lead 500,000 Qin Jun to attack Lingnan. In 2 14 BC, Qin Jun basically occupied Lingnan. Immediately, Qin Shihuang set up three counties of "Guilin, Elephant and Nanhai" in the Lingnan area he captured. Incorporating Hong Kong into its territory is under the jurisdiction of Panyu County. From then on, Hong Kong was placed under the jurisdiction of the central government and clearly became the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty at that time. The central plains in a broad sense refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River). From this time until the Qing Dynasty, with the spread of Central Plains civilization to the south, Hong Kong gradually developed.
In the Han Dynasty, Hong Kong belonged to Boluo County, Nanhai County.
Western Jin Dynasty and Eastern Jin Dynasty
In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 33 1 year), Hong Kong belonged to Baoan County, Dongguan County. In the sixth year of Emperor Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the eastern part of Nanhai County was set aside, and another Dongguan County was set up, which governed six counties including Baoan, Xingning and Haifeng. The jurisdiction of Baoan County includes today's Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Dongguan, and the county seat is today's Shenzhen Nantou City.
Sui and Tang Dynasties
Dongguan County was abolished in Sui Dynasty, and its jurisdiction was merged into Nanhai County and guangzhou fu. Baoan County was changed to Nanhai County, and Hong Kong was still managed by Baoan County.
In the second year of Tang Zhide (AD 757), Baoan County was changed to Dongguan County, and Hong Kong still belonged to Dongguan County.
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of mainland people moved to Hong Kong, which promoted the great development of Hong Kong's economy and culture. In the Yuan Dynasty, China was a province of Jiangxi Province. The Yuan Dynasty set up inspection departments in Tuen Mun in the southwest of Hong Kong and Tuen Mun in the outer port of Guangzhou, and stationed troops to prevent pirates from invading and defend the Guangzhou area.
Ming and Qing dynasties
During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, some places were set aside from Dongguan County to establish Xin 'an County, which was later Hong Kong. Since then, Hong Kong Island has been a British colony from the first year of Wanli (A.D. 1573) to Daoguang 2 1 year of Xuanzong in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 184 1 year) and has been under the jurisdiction of Xin 'an County, guangzhou fu.
1662 The Qing Dynasty sent troops to the New Territories and ordered villagers to braid their hair. During the Qing Dynasty, Hong Kong has always occupied an important position in foreign trade, because Hong Kong and Guangzhou are as close as lips and teeth, and Guangzhou is the only commercial port open to the outside world in the Qing Dynasty. [2]
Before the British occupation of Hong Kong, Hong Kong was basically a desert island. Some fishermen live in Stanley, Datandu and Shipai Bay in the south of the island, as well as Agongyan and Shuijing Bay in the east of the island. Other places, such as Huangniyong, Dengdizhou and Seven Sisters, have some small village bays. At that time, there were about 3000 residents on the island [2]. In the early years, the British took a fancy to the potential of Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong as an excellent port in East Asia. Until the defeat of the Qing Dynasty in the late19th century, the territory was ceded to Britain in batches and became a British colony.
184 1 year 65438+1October 26th, after the First Opium War, Britain occupied Hong Kong Island, and afterwards the Qing government tried to recover it by force. Daoguang issued many orders for this, but the Qing Dynasty could never defend its territorial integrity.
1842 On August 29th, the Qing government signed the unequal treaty of nanking (formerly known as Jiangning Treaty) with Britain, and ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain.
1860, 10/0 On October 24th, China and Britain signed the unequal Beijing Treaty, ceding the area south of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula to Britain.
1On June 9th, 898, Britain forced the Qing government to sign the Charter for Expanding Hong Kong's Boundary (commonly known as "New Territories Concession"), and forcibly leased the area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula and south of Shenzhen River, as well as more than 200 large and small islands for 99 years (ending on June 30th, 997). Britain occupied the territory of China through three treaties, with a total area of 1092 square kilometers, including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories, which is now the whole territory of Hong Kong.
Republic of China (19 12- 1949)
194 1 year 65438+February 25th (Hong Kong people call it "Black Christmas" [3]), during the Second World War, the Japanese invaded Hong Kong, and the British troops stationed in Hong Kong were unable to resist. At that time, Governor Yang had no choice but to declare surrender. Hong Kong was occupied by Japan for three years and eight months.
1945 September 15, after Japan's defeat, it signed a surrender in Hong Kong and withdrew from Hong Kong, and Hong Kong was ruled by Britain again.
After World War II, Hong Kong's economy and society developed rapidly, becoming the third largest financial center in the world after new york and London. It has not only become one of the "Four Little Dragons of Asia", but also the financial, service and shipping center of Asia.
People's Republic of China (PRC)
1982 to 1984, China and Britain hold talks on the implementation of Hong Kong's future. 1984, 12 and 19 signed the Joint Statement of the People of China and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on the question of Hong Kong, and decided 1997. China promised to implement "one country, two systems" in Hongkong.
1 July 19971day, the China government resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region was established and the Basic Law was implemented. Hong Kong has entered a new historical era of "one country, two systems", "Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong" and a high degree of autonomy [4].
1In September 1997, the annual meetings of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund were held in Hong Kong. This annual meeting is the first large-scale international conference hosted by Hong Kong after its return to the motherland, and it is also the first time that the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have held annual meetings in China.
From 65438 to 0998, affected by the Asian financial crisis, the Hong Kong stock market fluctuated greatly. With the firm support of the central government, the Hong Kong SAR government decided to fight back against international speculators, and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority invested huge sums of money in the stock and futures markets, successfully repelling speculators.
In early spring of 2003, SARS broke out in Hong Kong. The SAR Government led all sectors of the community into anti-epidemic actions, and the epidemic situation that lasted for several months was finally brought under control. On June 23rd, the World Health Organization announced that Hong Kong had officially left the SARS epidemic area.
In June 2003, the Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) was signed. The central government then launched a "individual tour" plan for mainland residents to visit Hong Kong.
On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2003, the People's Bank of China announced that it agreed to provide liquidation arrangements for Hong Kong banks that handle four types of personal RMB business in Hong Kong: deposit, remittance, remittance and RMB bank card. In February 2004, the Bank of Hong Kong officially launched RMB business.
At the beginning of June, 2004, the first Pan-Pearl River Delta Regional Cooperation and Development Forum was held in Hong Kong, and the "9+2" regional economic cooperation between nine mainland provinces and regions and Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions officially appeared.
In September 2005, Hong Kong Disneyland opened to welcome guests, which is the fifth Disneyland in the world.
In August 2008, the equestrian events of the Beijing Olympic Games were successfully held in Hong Kong.
From June, 5438 to February, 2009, the 5th East Asian Games was held in Hong Kong, which was the first time that Hong Kong held an international comprehensive event after its return to the motherland.
20 1 1 In March, the central government announced the outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and Hong Kong and Macao became separate chapters for the first time. The Outline points out that Hong Kong's position as an international financial, trade and shipping center should be consolidated and enhanced, and Hong Kong should be supported to become an international asset management center and an offshore RMB business center.
From 2065438 to February 2009, the Outline of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Development Plan was officially promulgated, which clearly pointed out that Hong Kong should consolidate and enhance its position as an international financial, shipping, trade and aviation hub, strengthen its position as a global offshore RMB business hub, an international asset management center and a risk management center, promote the development of finance, commerce, logistics and professional services to high-end and high added value, vigorously develop innovation and science and technology, cultivate emerging industries and build international laws and disputes in the Asia-Pacific region.