Britain is the first industrialized country in the world and a multicultural and open-minded society. Britain is one of the world's economic powers, and its GDP in 2007 ranked fifth in the world. The proportion of British manufacturing industry in the national economy has declined; The proportion of service industry and energy is increasing, among which commerce, finance and insurance are developing rapidly. Tourism is one of the most important economic sectors in Britain. The annual output value is more than 70 billion pounds, and tourism income accounts for about 5% of the world's tourism income. Different from countries that pay attention to scenic tourism, British royal culture and museum culture are the biggest attractions of tourism. The main tourist attractions are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Brighton, Greenwich, Stratford, Oxford and Cambridge. Britain is the fourth largest trading country in the world, accounting for more than 5% of the total world trade, and exports of goods and services account for about 25% of GDP. Britain mainly exports machinery, automobiles, aviation equipment, electrical and electronic products, chemical products and petroleum, and mainly imports raw materials and food. Britain is also the sixth largest overseas investor and the sixth largest foreign aid country in the world. London is the financial and trade center of the world. Tourism is one of the most important economic sectors in Britain. In 200 1 year, the output value of tourism reached 72.8 billion pounds; In terms of tourism revenue, Britain was the seventh largest tourist country in the world in 200 1 year, accounting for 3.4% of the world's tourism revenue. In March 2002, the number of employees was 2.056 million, of which about1480,000 were freelancers. In 200 1 year, the output value of domestic tourism in Britain was about 59.5 billion pounds. In 200 1 year, the number of foreign tourists coming to Britain reached 22.8 million, 9% less than that in 2000. Among them, tourists from Western Europe decreased by 8% to 65.438+02.87 million, tourists from North America decreased by 6.5438+03% to 4.23 million, tourists from other regions decreased by 9% to 3.75 million, and the total income from overseas tourism was 65.438+065.438+03 million. Business tourism revenue is 3.4 billion pounds, accounting for 30% of the total overseas tourism revenue, and there is a trend of sustainable development. In 200 1 year, domestic tourists earned 59.5 billion pounds. In 2000, the total turnover of British hotels was 56.6 billion pounds, an increase of 7.2% over 2000. 200 1 year, there are more than 60,000 hotels in Britain. There are 50,000 registered catering enterprises, with a total turnover of 654.38+82 million pounds, an increase of 654.38+0. 1% over 2000. There are about 49,500 pubs of various types, which has decreased by 8% since 1990. The mad cow disease and the "September 1 1 incident" broke out in February 20001year, which seriously affected the British tourism industry, with a loss of1500 million pounds. The service industry includes financial insurance, retail, tourism and business services (providing legal and consulting services, etc.). ). It has developed rapidly in recent years. By the end of 2000/kloc-0, there were 22.8 million employees, accounting for 77.5% of the total employed population. The gross output value of 200 1 is 1% higher than that of 2000, and its added value accounts for 7 1.4% of the added value of GDP. London is a world-famous financial center, engaged in transnational bank loans, foreign exchange transactions, international bond issuance, fund investment and other businesses. It is also the world's largest insurance market, the largest spot gold market and ship loan market, and an important non-precious metal trading center. The financial industry is the main force of Britain's trade balance, accounting for more than 5% of GDP, with more than 654.38+million employees, reaching a record of 654.38+32 billion pounds. After the Labor government came to power, it carried out the financial supervision reform for the first time, and established the Financial Services Authority in June 1998, replacing the original supervision function of the Bank of England. The British government encourages foreign investment in Britain and regards it as an effective way to introduce new technologies, new products, new management methods, increase employment and export. In recent years, Britain has become the first choice for foreign investors to invest in Europe. In 200 1 year, Britain attracted a total of 53.8 billion US dollars of foreign investment, ranking third in the world. The United States is the largest investor in Britain, accounting for 48.4%, followed by Germany, Canada and Japan, accounting for 8.2%, 6.4% and 5.9% respectively. Investment fields include automobiles, communications, information, electronics, medical equipment, financial services, food and beverage, etc. Investment forms include the acquisition and merger of existing enterprises, the expansion of existing production plants, the establishment of scientific research bases or regional headquarters of multinational companies. In 2000, foreign direct investment in Britain was 86.2 billion pounds, securities investment was174.6 billion pounds, and other investments were 2865438+08 billion pounds.

As an important trading entity, economic power and financial center, Britain is the fifth largest economic system in the world and one of the richest, most developed and highest living standards countries in the world. In the past three decades, the government has drastically reduced state-owned assets and slowed down the development of social welfare projects. /kloc-In the 0/8th century, British wheat began to lose to cheap wheat in North America, giving up planting a lot of wheat and importing a lot of grain from the United States, and gradually turned to dairy farming. Dairy farming was relatively concentrated, with a high degree of mechanization and very high benefits: 65,438+0% of the working population could meet about 60% of the food demand. Britain has a large number of coal, natural gas and oil reserves; Britain's main energy output accounts for about 10% of the total GDP, which is very high among industrialized countries. Service industry, especially banking, finance, shipping, insurance and business services, accounts for the largest proportion of GDP and is in a leading position in the world. London, the capital, is one of the best financial, shipping and service centers in the world. Although Britain is still the largest producer of weapons, petroleum products, computers, televisions and mobile phones in Europe, the importance of industry is declining.

Britain is also a world leader in education, academic research and scientific research. The world-famous Cambridge University and Oxford University are both located in Britain. They are the most important educational hubs in the world outside the United States. Every year, Britain attracts many international students from all over the world to study, which not only brings rich foreign exchange to the country, but also attracts many talents for this country with a knowledge economy system.