Because the essence of taxation is that people transfer part of their income to * * * for free. 1. will not cause excessive inflation. 2.*** will not be responsible for repayment and will not bring additional burden. 3. Compulsory taxation can provide sufficient funds for * * * expenditure.
source
What means does China have to raise funds?
There are so many, it can create any name as long as it wants. For example: family planning. Family planning is a name, income increase is a reality, unprecedented, chinese odyssey. It is not that children are not allowed, but that money is allowed to have children. It is euphemistically called "social support". You have to give the baby to the factory before you can have a baby. Is it necessary to pay for having sex with your wife in the future? Why not learn from big brother Russia? Russia is a car prize room for having more children, and it can also stipulate a car prize room for having fewer children.
Local * * * financing channels
What I know is:
The local financing platform is to set up a local company, and then the company will lend money. But the central government has many restrictions on local financing platforms, such as independent legal persons and so on. But this is also the way of local financing.
Loans from banks, * * * loans and personal loans are a little different. * * * can borrow from a policy bank like CDB, but as long as it is a loan, it needs mortgage, and * * * can mortgage land projects and so on.
Sichuan * * * has not issued creditor's rights, so there is no bond.
How to raise venture capital
1. Self-raised funds For ordinary entrepreneurs, due to their initial stage and limited loan ability, a considerable part of their funds need to rely on their own funds, usually by years of savings and borrowing money from relatives, friends, colleagues and classmates. This is the simplest and most feasible way. However, in the process of self-financing, entrepreneurs must pay attention to the following problems: first, no matter how much money relatives and friends give, in principle, entrepreneurs must ensure that they have the leading power, that is, they must invest the largest equity, otherwise, entrepreneurs will lack courage because they are too constrained by others in the process of starting a business. Therefore, if entrepreneurs want to have a smooth career, they must have enough funds, which is the first economic concept that entrepreneurs must have. Secondly, entrepreneurs themselves must be people who "save their personalities". Anyone who spends all his salary this month before he gets his salary next month, or borrows 32 thousand from others everywhere, is not qualified to start his own business. Now this kind of saving character is also a project that many banks should inspect in advance when lending to customers. People with full saving personality naturally have the ability to repay, which is the so-called credit base. Only with such credibility can others dare to lend you money. Therefore, those who can keep saving some money every month can accumulate a lot of money in two or three years. In this way, I not only have sufficient capital reserves, but also lay a good reputation foundation for borrowing money from relatives and friends smoothly. 2. Socializing entrepreneurship through partnership is a trend. Because one person is often weak, it will be more beneficial for several people to raise venture capital together. In addition, the partnership system can not only effectively raise funds, but also give full play to the role of talents, which is conducive to the utilization and integration of various resources. For ordinary entrepreneurs with insufficient financial strength, this partnership can also effectively decompose risks. If the venture is unsuccessful, the resulting risks will be shared by several people, and the personal loss will be much smaller than that of one person. Although partnership investment can solve the problem of insufficient funds, we should also pay attention to some problems: first, we must make clear the investment share. Everyone should determine their investment share when determining the investment partnership. It is not necessarily the best choice to distribute the shares equally, because if the share quota is distributed equally, the rights and obligations between shareholders will be equal, which is not conducive to a good division of labor and clear responsibilities, thus making it difficult to achieve the main business objectives and laying a curse for future contradictions; Second, information communication between partners must be strengthened. Many people always cooperate because of their good feelings, so I trust each other because you are confident in doing things. However, if we don't pay attention to communication, it will easily lead to misunderstandings and differences, which is not conducive to the stability of the partnership foundation; The third is to establish articles of association in advance. As the saying goes, without rules, there would be no Fiona Fang. To be an enterprise, you should settle accounts with your brothers and tell the truth first. You can't have a charter just because you are close or related by blood. Articles of association is a code of conduct and the basis of operation. Without it, there is no basis and taboo for cooperation. 3. Bank loan For most entrepreneurs, bank loan is the most traditional financing method. At present, the banks that can provide loans for the establishment of small and medium-sized enterprises are mainly the SME credit departments of the four major state-owned commercial banks. At the same time, China Everbright Bank, China Guangfa Bank, China CITIC Bank and other financial institutions have also launched loan varieties specifically for individual entrepreneurs. These measures will make it easier for individual entrepreneurs to raise funds. Therefore, for ordinary entrepreneurs, it will be easier to start a business by scientifically choosing the loan variety that suits them according to their own situation. 4. Seeking venture capital The so-called venture capital refers to investing in equity or creditor's rights in small and medium-sized enterprises in the establishment and growth period, and participating in enterprise management in order to obtain higher returns. In China, according to a survey, there are 47 financial institutions specializing in venture capital. In addition, some large enterprises and groups are also making venture capital, and venture capital has gradually become a way for ordinary entrepreneurs to obtain funds. Step 1: Draft a business plan. When drawing up a business plan, we should pay attention to the following points: * Describe the market scale and prospect of the product as detailed as possible. * When drawing up the business plan, introduce the uniqueness of the product in detail, as well as the advanced technology, the feasibility of the process, the economy of obtaining raw materials, and combine with the product. ......
What are the ways to raise funds?
If you want to raise venture capital, you can choose the following ten methods.
I. Bank loans
Banks may be loyal partners of the company and special enterprises that specialize in lending and credit granting. It collects a lot of money from depositors at a certain cost. Banks are like a "reservoir" of funds, ready to provide loans of various terms and amounts to enterprises that meet their requirements. Think about the bank you are familiar with? Such as Fucun Credit Cooperative, ICBC, Agricultural Bank, etc. )
Second, credit cards.
Credit card is an important source of funds for startups. Although many people think that credit card is a non-traditional financing channel, it has become more and more common and widely accepted for new enterprises to use credit card for financing. Think about credit cards that people around you can help you become famous? Such as: China Agricultural Bank, China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Construction Bank, China Bank, etc. )
Third, apply for a small secured loan
In order to promote the reemployment of laid-off workers, at the beginning of this year, the Guangzhou Municipal Finance Bureau set up a small secured loan for laid-off workers in Guangzhou with an annual budget of 50 million yuan. Banks provide loans to eligible small enterprises, and the financial department can give preferential treatment at 50% of the benchmark loan interest rate announced by the People's Bank of China, but there is no preferential treatment during the extension period.
Four. * * *
For some companies, * * * institutions are important sources of financing. The management of small and medium-sized enterprises is increasingly becoming an important source of capital. The bureau has a variety of projects and loan guarantees, which are very helpful to small and medium-sized enterprises. Many institutions not only provide loan assistance, but also provide vocational and technical assistance to SMEs. It is reported that starting from this year, Guangdong Province will provide 2 billion yuan to support small and medium-sized enterprises in five years. It is understood that Guangdong's financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises this year is 200 million yuan, focusing on supporting the construction of credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises and supporting technological transformation and innovation of private enterprises. Guangdong will focus on science and technology, export-oriented, and absorb laid-off workers' employment and agricultural products processing.
Five, speculative capitalists
Venture capitalists have made great contributions to the development of the company. Venture capitalists invest money in promising enterprises in exchange for property rights and sometimes even control of enterprises. Think about it, such as "capitalists" who have funds and no projects? )
Intransitive verb investment bank
Financial intermediaries of investment banks, who can raise a lot of money for the development of the company. However, investment banks do not invest in entrepreneurs themselves, but raise funds for entrepreneurs from external investors or lenders, and they profit from them. Investment bankers are usually interested in high-tech enterprises or innovative products because such products have great market potential and can bring them high returns. Another way for investment banks to raise funds is to help companies go public.
Seven. supplier
Financing that can be obtained from suppliers includes traditional commercial credit, for example, the seller delivers the goods before you pay. A clever cash management strategy should require suppliers to provide credit terms or discount spot accounts. (ask for help from many companies)
Eight. A strategic partner of a joint venture
Establishing joint ventures is an effective way for companies to raise funds. (such as SME owners and business households, etc.). )
One possibility is a joint venture project in which both parties agree to invest a sum of money. A joint venture can also solve all your capital needs. Another way of financing is to establish a strategic partnership with another company, perhaps a big company, which has a business relationship with you.
Nine. Transfer of distribution right
This method is quite novel, and companies with unique products can raise funds by transferring the product distribution rights to others. This is similar to franchising, which collects royalties by transferring business methods.
X. Financing of user fees
This is also a way of financing. We can regard this form as an advance from investors for the company's future sales funds. In order to repay this advance payment, the enterprise should pay a certain percentage of sales to investors. That is, the use fee. qq:330689822
* * * Financing and methods for construction and development projects
At present, China's * * * construction and development funds are raised and used in different ways. The so-called all * * * funds refer to all funds raised, obtained and used by * * in order to perform its duties by relying on national laws, regulations and administrative means. The above definition includes three basic elements: first, the funds raised are needed to fully perform their duties and realize the establishment of public finance; Second, mutual funds are collected by administrative means according to national laws, decrees and local administrative regulations; Third, all * * * funds refer to all funds controlled and used by * * *, not just those included in budget management.
We understand all * * * funds from the way of raising funds and the ownership of funds. In practical work, the scope of all * * * funds is relatively wide. The current budget management system divides financial funds into general budget revenue and expenditure and fund budget revenue and expenditure, which is based on the management mode adopted when most financial funds enter the budget management cage. With the continuous reform of the financial system, the pattern of financial funds dominated by budget funds has undergone fundamental changes. Budget funds are only a part of all * * * funds. Budget funds, * * * funds, other financial funds and * * * comprehensive funds constitute all * * * funds in cities and counties. Judging from the audit practice in recent years, the proportion of funds included in budget management in cities and counties is gradually decreasing. Non-tax revenue, land transfer revenue and * * * debt revenue have become the main components of local available funds, and establishing a full-caliber budget management system has become an important task of financial system reform.
* * * funds in cities and counties are classified in different ways according to their characteristics, budget management methods and budget revenue subjects. According to the classification of capital ownership, all * * * capital income can be divided into local financial divided funds, superior financial subsidy funds, retained funds raised by local financial organizations, local financial escrow funds and local financial integration funds. All * * * funds are divided into budget management methods, including budget management funds and non-budget management funds. Budget funds include general budget funds and fund budget funds. Non-budget management funds mainly include extra-budgetary funds, * * funds, other financial funds and * * * debt funds. All * * * funds are classified by income category, including tax income, non-tax income and debt income. Among them, non-tax revenue includes the following items: first, administrative fees and * * * funds. This part is the fee charged by * * * for providing certain services or implementing certain administrative management for specific customers. The second is the use fee of resource assets and urban infrastructure, such as the operating income of state-owned assets, the income of public property and the use fee of urban infrastructure. The third is the confiscation of income. Fourth, * * income from fame, such as lottery public welfare fund and social security fund. Fifth, other fees and fund-raising. At present, the state has promulgated the Measures for the Administration of Raising and Using Water Conservancy Construction Funds, which specifically stipulates the measures for the administration of raising and using water conservancy construction funds. You can search and download it online.
How to raise more funds?
Any adventure costs money. Even the minimum start-up capital should include some basic expenses, such as product deposit and store rent, not to mention larger commercial projects. Therefore, for entrepreneurs, whether they can raise funds quickly and efficiently is a crucial factor for entrepreneurial success.
financing channels
At present, the financing channels of domestic entrepreneurs are relatively single, mainly relying on financial institutions such as banks. In fact, venture financing should be multi-pronged, and never hang yourself on a tree, so the more the better.
Channel 1:
Bank loan Bank loan is called the "reservoir" of risk financing. Because banks are rich in financial resources and most of them have * * * backgrounds, they have a "mass base" among entrepreneurs. Judging from the current situation, there are four kinds of bank loans: 1. Mortgage loan refers to the way that the borrower provides certain property to the bank as credit collateral. 2. Credit loan refers to the loan issued by the bank only based on the trust in the borrower's credit status, and the borrower does not need to provide collateral to the bank. 3, secured loans, refers to the guarantor's credit as a guarantee and loans. 4. Discounted loan refers to the loan method that the borrower applies to the bank for discount with unexpired bills when it is in urgent need of funds.
Remind entrepreneurs that from the moment they apply for bank loans, they should be prepared to fight a "protracted war", because applying for loans is not about dealing with banks, but going through a series of "thresholds" such as industrial and commercial administration departments, tax departments and intermediaries. Moreover, the procedures are cumbersome, and no problem can occur in any link.
Channel 2:
Venture Capital In the eyes of many people, venture capitalists have a magical "money bag", and the money falling out of that "money bag" can make entrepreneurs sit on Aladdin's "God carpet" and soar. However, venture capital is a high-risk and high-return investment. Venture capitalists enter start-ups in the form of equity participation. In order to reduce the risk, they will withdraw from the investment after realizing the value-added purpose, and will not be tied to the start-ups forever. In addition, venture capital favors high-tech startups.
Remind venture capitalists that although they care about the technology in the hands of entrepreneurs, they are more concerned about the profit model of startups and entrepreneurs themselves. Therefore, it is difficult for the "idle generation" to win the favor of venture capitalists. Only entrepreneurs like Zhang Chaoyang, Shao Yibo and Liang Jianzhang can get close to those glittering "money bags".
Channel 3:
With the encouragement and guidance of private investment in China and the improvement of the marketization of the national economy, private capital has gained more and more development space. At present, China's private investment is no longer limited to the traditional manufacturing and service industries, but has blossomed in infrastructure, science, education, culture and health, finance and insurance, which is undoubtedly good news for entrepreneurs who are worried about finding money. Moreover, the investment operation procedure of private capital is relatively simple, the financing speed is fast and the threshold is low.
Remind many private placements that they always want to hold shares when investing, and it is easy to have some contradictions with entrepreneurs. In order to avoid contradictions, both sides should put all questions on the table and express them clearly in written form. In addition, for entrepreneurs, the study of private capital is a "compulsory course" before financing.
Channel 4:
Venture financing treasure Venture financing treasure refers to providing the entrepreneurs with much-needed opening funds, circulating funds and operating funds in the form of pledge (mortgage) with their own legal property or other people's legal property under the permission of relevant laws and regulations. The financing project is mainly aimed at "4050 personnel" and social youth groups who want to start their own businesses. The procedures for handling venture financing treasure are relatively simple. Entrepreneurs can apply for loans as long as they have assets. The longest loan period is half a year, and there are a wide range of items that can be used as collateral, including real estate, bulk materials, securities, motor vehicles, watches, etc., all of which are above 300 yuan.
Remind me that the financing "strength" of venture capital treasure is not very great, and it usually takes several rounds of financing to solve the problem of venture capital. For entrepreneurs, the first financing cannot be perfect, not too little. The key is to solve the survival problem first and then seek development.
Channel 5:
Financial leasing financial leasing is a kind of credit method with the direct purpose of financing. On the surface, it is to borrow something, but in essence, it is to borrow money and repay it in installments with rent. This financing method has the following advantages: it does not occupy the bank credit line of start-ups, entrepreneurs do not need to invest heavily in equipment, and they can use the equipment after paying the first rent, thus transferring funds to the places where money is most needed.
As a reminder, financial leasing is more suitable for novices who need to buy large equipment. ......
How to raise funds for a long-term good project?
Simply put, you borrow other people's funds to do your own thing.
Usually financing has the following forms:
Financing methods can be divided into debt financing and equity financing, as well as commercial credit, internal financing, equity financing, debt financing, bond financing and project financing.
1. Commercial credit
Commercial credit mainly includes accounts payable, notes payable and prepayments. This financing method is flexible in application, simple in operation and reusable. The financial cost is zero, but the financing amount is limited, which cannot solve the large amount of capital demand of enterprises. Commercial credit is the most widely used financing method in commercial activities and the first choice for enterprise financing. It should be noted that within a reasonable credit line, the risk of this financing method is low. Once operating beyond the reasonable credit line, the risk will increase greatly, which may lead to the decline of corporate reputation and bank credit rating, thus bringing greater losses.
2. Internal financing
Internal financing, as its name implies, is financing for enterprises, mainly including internal accumulation, asset realization and internal capital increase.
Internal accumulation refers to the financing method of raising funds for the long-term development of enterprises by reducing the profit dividends of enterprises. This financing method is simple in operation, low in cost and low in risk, but the accumulated amount is low. Failure to pay dividends will affect the interests of minority shareholders and may lead to their dissatisfaction.
The realization of assets refers to the financing method of raising funds through the reorganization of assets within the enterprise and the divestiture and sale of some assets. This financing method is simple in operation and low in cost, but limited in use, and is generally used for enterprise restructuring, reorganization and reform. The choice of realized assets should focus on the enterprise development strategy, so as to ensure that the realization of assets promotes the realization of enterprise strategy, or at least does not affect the realization of enterprise strategy.
Internal capital increase refers to a financing method of directional fund-raising by internal shareholders of an enterprise. Covered financing is simple in operation, low in cost and low in risk. However, due to the influence of shareholders' own financial strength and the expected future investment income of enterprises, its use times are limited, and it is generally used for sudden and urgent fund raising.
3. Property rights financing
Equity financing is a financing method to raise funds by transferring equity, which mainly includes listing and introducing strategic investors. The advantage of equity financing is that the amount of financing is large, and there is no pressure to repay the principal and interest at maturity, which is less risky for the fundraiser. One of its shortcomings is its complicated operation, especially the listing needs a complicated and long process, which brings high cost; The second is the high cost. For investors, the investment risk is high, and they need to have higher income and participate in the income distribution of enterprises; The third is the risk of losing control. The participation of investors will lead to the adjustment of the ownership structure of the enterprise, which may further make the original controller of the enterprise lose control.
4. Debt financing
Debt financing here refers to a financing method of raising funds through private or bank credit, including private lending and bank credit.
Private lending is a kind of financing way to raise funds by borrowing from other enterprises or individuals through agreements. One advantage of this financing method is that it is simple and flexible, and there are no complicated procedures and processes for bank loans; Secondly, there are few mortgages and guarantees; Third, the repayment period can be appropriately extended, and the risk is relatively small. Its disadvantage is limited channels and quantity.
Bank credit, which is the most commonly used financing method for external financing at present. One of the advantages of bank credit is the large supply of funds; Second, the operation is flexible, and long-term and short-term loans can be matched according to the needs of enterprises; Third, compared with creditor's rights, listing, trust and other channels, the procedures are relatively simple and the financing cost is low. One of the disadvantages is mortgage and guarantee. Under the realistic conditions of strict financial supervision and strong bank risk awareness, the requirements of mortgage and guarantee are very strict, which limits the financing amount of enterprises to some extent; Second, the risk is high, the pressure of credit funds to repay the principal and interest is greater, the short-term lending is more obvious, and the requirements for the capital arrangement of enterprises are higher.
5. Bond financing
Debt financing refers to a way for the public to issue bonds to raise funds. This method is widely used abroad, and there are regulations in domestic supervision. However, with the gradual loosening of supervision, it can be expected that this method will become one of the important financing channels for enterprises in the future.
One of the advantages of this method is the low delivery cost. The bond coupon rate is generally lower than the one-year loan interest rate of national commercial banks. Second, the amount of funds raised is large, which is more convenient for enterprises to solve the problem of capital gap; Third, it is widely distributed, which is conducive to corporate publicity and brand image establishment.
One of the disadvantages of this method is that there are many conditions for issuance and strict approval procedures. at present ......
Can local governments really raise funds through financing platforms?
Local governments can raise funds through financing platforms.
correct
How to raise funds for college students' entrepreneurship
1. Your own deposit
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It is understood that some college students' start-up funds are accumulated by themselves. From the idea of starting a business to putting it into practice, there will always be opportunities for you to save money. "Work first to make money, then start a business" has also become the path planning of many entrepreneurs.
Step 2 borrow money from family and friends
Many college students choose to borrow money from relatives and friends at the beginning of their business. The advantages are high probability of success, more favorable investment and interest conditions, and faster money acquisition. But there are also parents who may interfere with the company's problems; If your business fails, you may feel guilty for them for life.
3. Partnership
Many college students will choose to start a business in partnership when they first start a business, and everyone will raise funds together. But please note that if you start a business with other people's money-although only part of it-you will face the risks that that person will bring you.
Therefore, when we start a business with other people's money, it is easy to see financing, but the risks and problems shift from the capital level to the partner level, and we still cannot relax our vigilance.
4. Join the incubation plan/win venture capital.
The venture capital provided by * * * has also become the venture capital of many college students. Pioneer parks and institutions in many cities have provided venture capital policies and incubators for entrepreneurs, providing office space and initial funds; Some well-known entrepreneurial support service organizations and funds will also hold entrepreneurial competitions and Demo activities regularly. It is an efficient and feasible way to raise the "first bucket of money" for starting a business by winning venture funds. But at the same time, it also requires entrepreneurs to have enough strength to stand out from many applicants.
5. Ask investors for money
Now there are many college students who need investors to give them money to start their own businesses. Angel investment is mainly aimed at start-up and seed-stage enterprises, and the amount of investment funds is relatively small, generally ranging from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands. Moreover, whether to invest or not depends mainly on the personal vision and preferences of investors. You can make a decision immediately when you meet the right project.
Apply for a bank loan
Applying for bank loans is also a major way to raise start-up funds. Many people think that it is too expensive to find a bank, and they are not familiar with policies and procedures. They think that the audit will be very troublesome, and the cost of time and energy invested is somewhat uneconomical. But in fact, many banks have small secured loans, which can be used to meet the daily capital turnover of enterprises and help startups break through the bottleneck when necessary.
If college students want to start a business, they can raise start-up funds from the above channels. With the start-up capital, you can start a formal business. Raising the first start-up capital is not a success, but the beginning of the road to entrepreneurship. College entrepreneurs should be psychologically prepared to meet greater challenges.