Industrialization aspirations of major grain producing areas
China Food Business Network 2008-04-1109: 31:00
Liu Shuming is the director of the Macro Division of the Development Research Center of Jilin Provincial Government. His business card is quite personal, with a paragraph printed on it: Do you know the first person in "Northeast Reconstruction"? Please go to "Revitalize Northeast Network" to see "Northeast Reengineering" and click on search engines such as "Baidu". Liu is known as "the first person to transform Northeast China" because of his "bold views, novel ideas, advanced theory and strong overall awareness".
Liu Shuming said in an interview with this reporter that if the Northeast is experiencing a new phenomenon, we can't help but talk about what people called the "new Northeast phenomenon" in 2000. At that time, the so-called "New Northeast Phenomenon" was that after China's entry into WTO, the grain would be greatly impacted. In fact, it mainly refers to Jilin Province. At that time, people were mainly worried that the production mode of small farmers in Northeast China was too backward, with high cost and low quality. Western countries are planting on a large scale with low cost and high quality. Once foreign grain is dumped in China, there will be a big problem in Northeast China. Because 70%-80% of farmers' income in Northeast China comes from planting, it will bring great impact to the three rural issues in Northeast China. However, through the efforts of Northeast China in recent years, with the increase of labor export, animal husbandry and processing industry, the proportion of planting income has decreased, so people are worried about the new Northeast after China's entry into WTO. However, this does not mean that there are no difficulties in Northeast China, especially in Jilin Province. There may be more difficulties, and the road to solving them may be longer. In the long run, solving the agricultural problems in Northeast China, especially solving the problem of increasing farmers' income, cannot focus on trivial matters. We should rely on big ideas and take the road of modern large-scale agriculture and modern high value-added agriculture.
Problems in Northeast Agriculture
An official in Jilin Province analyzed in an interview with this reporter that the northeast grain market is currently facing four outstanding problems: first, there are market problems and lack of market information. In many places, there is often convergence in adjusting industrial structure, intermediary services and government guidance cannot keep up, and farmers' planting lags far behind market requirements; Second, rural funds are quite difficult. Although the situation of animal husbandry is good, it is difficult to get loans. Now it is more and more difficult for credit cooperatives to lend money, and it is already difficult for rural microfinance. Third, the transfer of rural surplus labor force is difficult; Fourth, the growth of farmers' income is slow or even declining.
The official pointed out that the main problem now is insufficient adaptability to the market and insufficient information about the market, which is not only the impact of the adjustment of agricultural and sideline products in the world, but also the impact on the domestic market. This poor grasp of the market has caused a passive situation of increasing production without increasing efficiency and increasing income.
What should we do? He said, first of all, we should monitor the macro market in the main grain producing areas, and then guide farmers to adjust their planting structure. However, this service is not available now. At the same time, farmers are scattered and the degree of organization in rural areas is quite low. Their dialogue status and weight in the market are naturally very low, and they can't communicate and exchange fairly with the outside world. Without large-scale operation, there is no way out for future agriculture. There are also immature intermediary services, poor organization of farmers' associations and production and operation.
Looking for the reasons from a deeper level, he believes that the food problems in the main producing areas are: First, the agricultural plates are too large, the secondary and tertiary industries are backward, especially the industries are backward, and farmers have not entered the secondary and tertiary industries, so rural products are still primary products and raw materials for sale, with low added value; Second, rural urbanization lags behind. Because the processing industry is weak, its urbanization level and industrialization level are relatively weak, which is an interactive relationship. Urbanization affects industrialization, which in turn affects the process of urbanization. What should be paid more attention to is that the transfer of rural population is still unstable and a dynamic change. Many people who go out now may go back to the countryside because they can't live in the city anymore.
He suggested that to solve the problem of rural farmers, the concept of industrialization should be applied to agricultural development, because the development of industrialization is to seek the market in industrial upgrading, and agriculture also needs to seek the market in industrial adjustment, and the scale and thinking of agricultural development should be determined by the market; In addition, we must adhere to the overall planning of urban and rural areas and the linkage between workers and peasants. At present, urban industry is separated from rural industry, especially rural industry. This is the reason why Jilin Province regards agricultural product processing industry and food industry as pillar industries at present.
Big industry drives big agriculture.
From Changchun, the capital of Jilin Province, drive along 102 national road for about 100 km to yushu city. In addition to seeing a large area of cultivated land, the most conspicuous thing is the "factories" on both sides of the road, which are not very large in scale. Perhaps it is not too much to describe them as family workshops, but all these are undoubtedly a sign of "industry" for corn producing areas everywhere.
Liu Shuming pointed out that it is undoubtedly correct to vigorously develop the processing industry of agricultural products. Even the processing industry should be mainly carried out by the main grain producing areas to realize the local transformation of grain, and should not be transported to other places for transformation, rather than there being few or no processing industries in the main grain producing areas unless foreign grain is imported for processing.
At present, agricultural products processing industry has become one of the pillar industries in Jilin Province. In their view, this is the hope of revitalizing the old industrial base and promoting agricultural modernization, rural industrialization and rural urbanization.
The industrialization development goal of Changchun City is that by 20 12, the added value of the city's agricultural product processing industry will reach 100 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of about 30%, reaching 136 billion yuan, and cultivating 3 enterprises with output value exceeding 100 billion yuan and 20 enterprises with output value exceeding 65,438 billion yuan.
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Reflect the style of a big country, because you are confident and confident?
Since China's entry into WTO, two major events in the agricultural field have not attracted great attention and full discussion. One thing is the influence of soybean processing enterprises being acquired by foreign capital on northeast soybean farmers; Another thing, a large number of Korean, Japanese and Taiwan Province agricultural organizations have set up agricultural parks in China, which may have an impact on the existing overseas markets of labor-intensive agricultural products in coastal areas. Understanding these two points may directly affect China's future agricultural opening policy and agricultural development path.
First, the soybean industry has been fully taken over by foreign capital. Is it joy or sorrow? A responsible big country is first responsible for its own people.
The average soybean yield in China in recent years is160,000 tons.
China Grain and Oil Information Center predicts that the total soybean consumption will reach 42.32 million tons in the 2005/06 cropping season (10 to next September), of which 32.5 million tons will be used for squeezing.
According to the Zhou Du sales report of the US Department of Agriculture, as of February 7, 2006, the export shipment of US soybeans to China in 2006/07 (starting from September 6, 5438+0) was 4.63 million tons, 400,000 tons more than a week ago and 4.27 million tons more than the same period last year. From 2006/07 to now, the total soybean sales of the United States to China (loaded and unloaded) is 7,465,438+0,000 tons, up 45% year-on-year.
Another set of figures is in sharp contrast: in 2006, the soybean planting area in Heilongjiang Province decreased by 25% compared with last year, and the total output decreased by 18%. Farmers in Heilongjiang Province have low profits in planting soybeans, while the cost of planting soybeans on farms is high, about 1.22 yuan/kg, up 0.08 yuan from last year. According to the current soybean market price, farmers will lose money selling soybeans. According to the latest survey in Heilongjiang Province, the soybean planting area will decrease by more than 10% in 2007.
About 6% of the country's land produces soybeans, and 50 million families (65.438+0.5 billion people) mainly rely on soybean production for survival. One third of the population in Heilongjiang lives on soybean income. With the continuous increase of soybean imports, many soybean farmers in China have been forced to cut production and their lives are unsustainable.
This happens, although there are reasons for the low oil yield or high production cost of domestic soybeans. However, it is also an important reason that foreign governments implement policy subsidies for domestic soybean exports. In 200 1 year alone, the US subsidy for soybeans is as high as $654.38+09 billion, equivalent to 30% of the export price. Another important reason is that the soybean processing industry in China is in a situation of full takeover by foreign capital, leaving only one large crushing enterprise that has not been acquired by foreign capital. It is said that "there will be no China-owned enterprises in the crushing industry in China next year".
There are different voices in China about the production difficulties of land-intensive agricultural products such as soybeans and the overall westernization trend of processing industry brought about by opening up.
Wang Weijun, director of the research department of Dalian Commodity Exchange, believes that from the soybean industry, foreign agricultural products have not "invaded", but have changed their face and made a detour. The way for foreign soybeans to enter China is to have capital first, bring strong industrial capital and financial capital into the agricultural product processing industry, and then import agricultural products from abroad after controlling the processing industry. The current predicament of soybean industry is actually a microcosm of the loss of protection of China's bulk agricultural products and the failure of international competition. Is it corn or wheat next?
Tian, general manager of Heilongjiang Jiusan Oil Co., Ltd.: There is such an account that the market needs to import 20 million tons, but if it exceeds 20 million tons, for every 6.5438+0.3 million tons imported, 6.5438+0.3 million farmers may leave the soybean planting industry or even leave the land. Because 6,543,800 tons of soybeans need 8.56 million mu of cultivated land according to our current yield level, and the per capita cultivated land of agricultural population in Heilongjiang Province is 6.6 mu, so importing 6,543,800 tons will affect millions of farmers. So is it possible to grow other crops instead of soybeans? Not necessarily! In the west of Heilongjiang, it is difficult to grow other crops without planting soybeans. In history, when soybeans were not easy to sell, farmers abandoned their fields.
Strictly speaking, the foreign capital introduced by our soybean industry is not foreign capital, but a multinational grain merchant. The purpose of their acquisition of soybean processing enterprises in China is not to make our soybean processing industry bigger and stronger, but to sell more soybeans to China and turn soybean processing enterprises in China into a link for them to realize international trade profits. Therefore, the more foreign soybean processing enterprises, the more difficult it is for our farmers to sell beans. If all soybean processing enterprises in China were acquired by foreign investors, who would China sell soybeans to? In 2006, China's total import volume may reach more than 30 million tons, the victims are farmers and the beneficiaries are multinational grain merchants. In the details of soybean imports, you can clearly see who these soybeans came in.
It is an indisputable fact that the demand for self-produced soybeans in China is in short supply, but imported soybeans cannot be left unchecked. We must be "moderate, orderly and transparent, taking into account the interests of farmers"
The soybean industry in China is different from other industries. Behind the soybean processing industry are the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers. The introduction of foreign capital into soybean processing industry will increase the difficulty for us to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
Our relevant departments should do something. If we really regard soybean as an agricultural problem, we will find a solution. Now the soybean price in Heilongjiang has reached the cost line, falling to the lowest point in five years. Because the growth of imported soybeans exceeded the growth of demand, the soybean planting area in Heilongjiang decreased by 25% and the price dropped by 24% this year, which caused serious harm to farmers. I suggest that anti-dumping measures can be considered.
In addition, the soybean industry is not a small industry, which is connected with planting and breeding. If something goes wrong in this industry, it will affect tens of millions of farmers. Now some people say that importing soybeans is more cost-effective. I think this is to quench thirst by drinking poison. Now soybeans are cheap because we still have a lot of domestic soybeans. If the soybean industry in China does not exist, can imported soybeans be so cheap?
Ke Bingsheng, director of the Agricultural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, said: For consumers and farmers, there is no difference between foreign capital and private enterprises. When we talk about introducing foreign capital through reform and opening up, why can industries introduce foreign capital while agricultural products and processing industries can't? The key is the market environment, which is a problem of market norms and market behavior, not ownership.
If monopoly is really found, the state has anti-monopoly measures, and it is rarely heard abroad that a monopoly enterprise can monopolize the entire agricultural international market. We can't take the planned economy as a set of things, take it for granted, and generalize it regardless of the specific situation. There are so many joint ventures in our automobile industry that no one says it is a foreign monopoly.
Why do we import more soybeans is mainly because domestic production can't meet the demand. Since China joined the WTO, when the soybean price was high, our soybean production capacity was limited, not higher. If it can't meet the demand, it can only be imported. The key is to have a competitive market in the intermediate processing, otherwise the price of soybeans will go up and consumers will not be able to stand it. The profit of intermediate links and processing links should not be too large, and must be in a highly competitive environment. The current situation is highly competitive. If there is no pressure, either consumers are unlucky or producers are unlucky. Of course, there are many imported soybeans, and the farmers who grow soybeans are directly affected. Farmers will reduce their income because of the decrease. When analyzing impacts: impacts, it is necessary to distinguish between real impacts and those caused by market speculation or inefficient management of processing enterprises.
Competition will always exist. Every country in the world has competition, and competition can only be to improve production efficiency. It's no use complaining.
Wang Lianzheng, researcher of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences and former vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture: An important reason why China soybeans lost to imported soybeans is that domestic soybeans are not as competitive as imported soybeans, not only in price but also in quality. However, soybean is the main crop in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, and farmers can't grow anything else without soybean. There are no other kinds. Can these ordinary people's governments cover them all? Liu Yuan's point of view is:
How to solve the soybean problem [topic]
The way to solve the soybean problem is to appropriately restrict foreign investment and improve the production efficiency and quality of soybean.
What should China soybean industry do when foreign capital enters China soybean market on a large scale? The reporter interviewed Wang Lianzheng and Ke Bingsheng, a professor at the Rural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture.
Is soybean in China controlled by foreign capital?
Reporter: At present, it is reported that foreign capital has begun to monopolize the soybean industry in China. what do you think?
Some experts say that the proportion of foreign investment will endanger economic security. In my opinion,
Reporter: What are the main reasons for the impact of imported soybeans on domestic soybeans?
Ke Bingsheng
Tian:
Will China's entry into WTO lead to soybean crisis?
Reporter: Now everyone has such a judgment. When China entered the WTO, it was generally felt that it would have an immediate impact on agriculture, but a few years later, there was no immediate impact. It is estimated that from this year to next year, soybeans and corn are more and more likely to be affected.
Ke Bingsheng: The soybean problem is affected by many complicated factors, such as supply and demand, and cannot be generally said to be the result of opening up, because the soybean tariff was 3% several years before China's accession to the WTO. Of course, the less imports, the more domestic soybean prices will rise, but this phenomenon is impossible.
First, this is not a complaint, and it has nothing to do with China's accession to the WTO. Tariffs have not changed from before China's entry into WTO to now, but market conditions have changed, which boils down to the meaningless of opening up. Since China joined the WTO, the price of soybean has remained high for a time. second
Tian:
solution
Reporter: Do you think there is any way to solve these problems under the current circumstances?
Ke Bingsheng: Why is the tariff of the automobile industry getting lower and lower, but the domestic automobile industry is still developing? So is the development of soybean industry. Now it is not a question of restricting imports, but a question of how to improve production efficiency. Improving efficiency includes improving national infrastructure, building water conservancy facilities and improving production conditions; Second, we must have advanced technology and good technology promotion services; Third, farmers should use these technologies. The fundamental solution to agricultural problems is to improve competitiveness and productivity. This is the fundamental way out, which requires the state to increase support, which is an important part of national financial support for agriculture.
Wang Lianzheng: I think it should be improved in the following aspects. Appropriately expand the planting area; Increase yield and improve varieties; Strengthen scientific research, there is no national soybean research institute in China at present; Improve agricultural production conditions; From the policy point of view, we can consider increasing subsidies for soybeans like the United States.
Tian: The key to solve the soybean problem is to solve the market problem. It is better to give the money to the market. At present, American farmers not only have huge government subsidies, but also sell bulk agricultural products before planting. Farmers don't have to worry about market risks, so we can consider following suit.
My specific suggestions are as follows: establish a soybean association as soon as possible, concentrate our efforts, coordinate and strive for the right to speak in soybean procurement, and then strive for the pricing power of the buyer's market; Non-GMO technical barriers should be started; It is necessary to implement unified bidding and purchase and restrict multinational grain merchants from entering the futures market; Support a number of key enterprises, give corresponding policies and encourage the use of domestic soybeans; A soybean market adjustment fund should be set up to adjust demand and price through the futures market. (Input: Chen Liming)
Author: reporter Cao Haidong Source: Southern Weekend
Time: August 2006-10 13: 19:
As far as the export of coastal flow-intensive agricultural products is concerned, the export growth? However, overseas agricultural organizations are becoming the main exporters of mobile-intensive agricultural products.
Therefore, both domestic and international markets are actually handed over to foreign agricultural enterprises and organizations.
Officials from the Ministry of Agriculture and other government departments said that this reflected the image of China as a responsible big country.
According to Chen Guoqiang's data, the subsidies for farmers in developed countries are $654.38 billion per day. Subsidies to farmers in Taiwan Province Province, South Korea and Japan?
Historical lessons of the Philippines:
Within the framework of WTO, free and equal competition in agricultural products trade is nonsense, but China allows overseas agricultural enterprises and organizations enjoying high government subsidies to "freely" seize the traditional market of agricultural products of small farmers in China. In the face of such "confidence", what is confidence? Does China have to rely on finance to support 800 million small farmers? Or are you aiming to become the second in the Philippines?
Two. Import and export of land-intensive agricultural products
(1) Grain exports increased significantly, while imports decreased significantly, showing a net export pattern.
Grain exports increased by a large margin, while imports decreased by a large margin, from net imports in the previous year to net exports. This is mainly because in the past two years, China's grain production has achieved a recovery growth and the relationship between supply and demand has been improved. In terms of varieties, wheat imports dropped significantly, while corn exports increased significantly.
In 2005, China exported grain 1.0 1.75 million tons, a year-on-year increase of1. Imports were 6.272 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 35.7%; The net import of grain has changed from 4.958 million tons in the previous year to 3.903 million tons, as follows:
Rice products: 686,000 tons were exported in 2005, down 24.6% year-on-year; Imported 522,000 tons, up 31.9% year-on-year; Net export1640,000 tons, up 15.0% year-on-year.
Corn products: 8.642 million tons were exported in 2005, up 2.7 times year-on-year; The import volume is very small (40 17.3 tons), and the net export is 8.638 million tons, up 2.7 times year-on-year. This is due to the simultaneous influence of national macro-control and adequate corn supply in China.
Wheat products: exported 605,000 tons in 2005, down 44.5% year-on-year; Imports were 3.538 million tons, down 51.3% year-on-year; Net imports were 2.934 million tons, down 52.4% year-on-year.
Barley products: In 2005, we imported 265,438+079,000 tons, up 27.7% year-on-year.
(2) Both the import and export of edible oil seeds increased, and the trade deficit widened; The export of edible vegetable oil increased, the import decreased, and the trade deficit narrowed.
Edible oil seeds: in 2005, the export was 6.5438+0.36 million tons, up 654.38+0.6.8% year-on-year; Imports reached 27.042 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 30.3%. Among them, soybean exports were 410.3 million tons, up10.8% year-on-year; Imports were 2,659110,000 tons, up 3 1.4% year-on-year.
Edible vegetable oil: exported 228,000 tons in 2005, up 2.5 times year-on-year; Imports were 62010.3 million tons, down 8.2% year-on-year. Among them, soybean oil exported 63,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 2.2 times; Imports were 6.5438+0.694 million tons, down 32.7% year-on-year. The export of rapeseed oil was 365,438+100,000 tons, up 4.6 times year-on-year; Imports1780,000 tons, down 49.7% year-on-year. Palm oil imports were 4.33 million tons, up 12.3% year-on-year. The growth of edible vegetable oil exports is mainly due to the rapid growth of corn oil and soybean oil exports.
(3) Cotton imports increased, exports decreased, and the trade deficit narrowed; Both the import and export of sugar increased, and the trade deficit widened.
Cotton: exported 8,000 tons in 2005, down 331%year-on-year; Imports reached 2.653 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 33.7%.
Sugar: In 2005, it exported 358,000 tons, up 3.2 times year-on-year; Imports were 6.5438+0.39 million tons, up 654.38+04.4% year-on-year. The growth of export is mainly the growth of processing with materials and processing with materials. Import growth is mainly to make up for the demand gap.
Three. Import and export of labor-intensive agricultural products
The export of labor-intensive agricultural products such as vegetables, fruits, livestock products and aquatic products continued to maintain rapid growth. Mainly due to the continuous improvement of the quality of agricultural products in China and the comparative advantage of prices.
(1) The export growth of vegetables and fruits is a trade surplus, and the surplus is expanding.
Vegetables: in 2005, the export was 6.8 million tons, up 65.438+03.0% year-on-year, and the export value was 4.48 billion US dollars, up 65.438+08.1%year-on-year; Imports were 97,000 tons, down 9.2% year-on-year, and the import value was $82 million, down 10.6% year-on-year.
Fruit: in 2005, the export was 3.646 million tons, up 65.438+06.6% year-on-year, and the export value was 2.03 billion US dollars, up 23.5% year-on-year; Imports1145,000 tons, up 7.9% year-on-year, and imports of $660 million, up 12.7% year-on-year.
(2) The import and export of livestock products and aquatic products increased; The trade deficit of livestock products has been greatly reduced, and the trade surplus of aquatic products has expanded.
Animal products: in 2005, the export value was US$ 3.60 billion, up 65,438+03.0% year-on-year; The import value was US$ 4.23 billion, up by 4.7% year-on-year; The trade deficit was US$ 630 million, down 26.2% year-on-year. Among them, the export of live pig products was 950 million US dollars, down 2.0% year-on-year; Imports reached US$ 654.38+0.8 billion, down 25.3% year-on-year. The export of poultry products was 9 1 100 million USD, up 40.8% year-on-year; Imports reached 350 million US dollars, up 1. 1 times.
Aquatic products: the export in 2005 was 7.89 billion US dollars, up by13.2% year-on-year; The import value was US$ 465,438+US$ 200 million, a year-on-year increase of 27.2%; The trade surplus was US$ 3.77 billion, up 1. 1% year-on-year.
Four, China's agricultural products import and export trade is still dominated by the eastern region, the export share has declined, and the import share has increased slightly; The export share of the central region increased, while the import share decreased slightly; The share of imports and exports in the western region increased slightly.
In 2005, the export of agricultural products in the eastern region was US$ 2165 million, up by 14.6% year-on-year, accounting for 78.5% of the export share of agricultural products, down by 2.3 percentage points. The import value was US$ 26.93 billion, up by 2.9% year-on-year, accounting for 93.8% of the total import of agricultural products, up by 0.5 percentage point. The export of agricultural products in the central region was US$ 3.82 billion, up 38.4% year-on-year, accounting for 13.9%, up 2.0 percentage points; The import value was US$ 65.438+0.22 billion, down by 654.38+00. 1% year-on-year, accounting for 4.2% of the import share of agricultural products, down by 0.6 percentage point. The export value of agricultural products in the western region was 2 1. 1 billion US dollars, up 2 1.7% year-on-year, accounting for 7.6% of the export share of agricultural products, up 0.2 percentage points. The import value was US$ 570 million, up 9.8% year-on-year, accounting for 2.0% of the import share of agricultural products, up 0. 1 percentage point.
In 2005, Shandong Province ranked first in terms of export volume, with an export volume of US$ 7.24 billion, a year-on-year increase of 22.2%. The second place is Guangdong Province, with an export value of US$ 3.58 billion, a year-on-year increase of 5.2%; The third place is Zhejiang Province, with an export value of US$ 2.49 billion, a year-on-year increase of 9.4%. In 2005, Shandong Province ranked first in terms of import volume, with an import volume of US$ 5.65 billion, up11.5% year-on-year; The second place is Guangdong Province, with an import value of US$ 4.55 billion, down10.3% year-on-year; The third place is Jiangsu Province, with an import value of US$ 4.50 billion, a year-on-year increase of 3.4%.
5. Asia is still the largest export market of agricultural products in China, with a slight decline in market share; The export market share to Europe and North America has increased to varying degrees.
Import and export trade with Asia has doubled. Asia is China's largest export market for agricultural products. In 2005, the export to Asia was 1, 81.50 billion US dollars, up by 13.7% year-on-year, accounting for 65.8% of China's total agricultural exports, down by 2.4 percentage points. Among them, the top five countries and regions in terms of export volume are: Japan's US$ 7.94 billion, a year-on-year increase of 7.2%; South Korea's US$ 2.86 billion, a year-on-year increase of 34.1%; China Mainland and Hongkong reached US$ 2.77 billion, up1.8% year-on-year; Malaysia's US$ 690 million, a year-on-year increase of 30.7%; Indonesia's US$ 420 million, down 6.4% year-on-year. In 2005, Asia was the third largest import market of China's agricultural products, with imports from Asia reaching US$ 5.67 billion, up 2.6% year-on-year, accounting for 19.6% of China's total agricultural products imports, up 0.03 percentage point.
Double growth in imports and exports to Europe. Europe is the second largest export market for China's agricultural products. In 2005, exports to Europe reached US$ 4.54 billion, up 32.9% year-on-year (including US$ 3.50 billion to the EU, up 33.3% year-on-year), accounting for 16.5% of China's agricultural export market, up 7.3 percentage points. Among them, the top five countries in terms of export volume are: Germany with 940 million US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 37.5%; Russia's $730 million, a year-on-year increase of 23.0%; Dutch $540 million, a year-on-year increase of 30.7%; US$ 400 million in the UK, a year-on-year increase of 25.7%; Spain's US$ 380 million, a year-on-year increase of 68.4%. In 2005, Europe was China's fourth largest import market, importing US$ 3.39 billion from Europe, up 3 1.3% year-on-year, accounting for1.8% of China's agricultural products import market, up 2.6 percentage points.
Exports to North and South America increased. North China is the third largest export market of agricultural products in the United States. In 2005, the export to North China was US$ 3.34 billion, up by 23.6% year-on-year, accounting for 12. 1% of's agricultural export market, up by 0.9 percentage point. Among them, exports to the United States were 2.96 billion US dollars, up 23.4% year-on-year; Exports to Canada reached US$ 390 million, up by 24.8%. South America ranks fourth in China's agricultural export market, with exports to South America reaching US$ 530 million, up 30.2% year-on-year, accounting for 1.9% of China's agricultural export market, up 0.2 percentage point.
Imports of agricultural products from North America declined, while imports from South America increased. North America and South America are China's first and second largest import markets respectively. In 2005, the import from North America was US$ 7.90 billion, down 13.7% year-on-year. Imports from South America reached US$ 7.56 billion, a year-on-year increase of 14.3%. They accounted for 27.5% and 26.3% of China's agricultural products import market respectively, down 5.2 percentage points and up 2.7 percentage points. Among them, US$ 6.72 billion was imported from the United States, down12.6% year-on-year; Imports from Brazil reached US$ 3,065,438 million, a year-on-year increase of 5.9%; Imports from Argentina increased10.7% year-on-year; Imports from Canada were $65,438+010.50 billion, down 20.4% year-on-year.
Six, China agricultural trade is dominated by general trade, export growth, import decline; Double growth of import and export of feed processing mode
Exports In 2005, general trade exports reached US$ 20.94 billion, up by 18.5% year-on-year, accounting for 75.9% of the total export value of agricultural products. The export of feed processing was 456,543.8 billion US dollars, up by 17.6% year-on-year, accounting for16.4% of the total export value of agricultural products; The export of small-scale border trade was $5 1 billion, up 23.2% year-on-year, accounting for 1.9% of the total export value of agricultural products.
Imports In 2005, the import of general trade was US$ 20.2 billion, down 2.2% year-on-year, accounting for 70.4% of the total import value of agricultural products. The import of feed processing was 4.25 billion US dollars, up 9.6% year-on-year, accounting for 14.8% of the total import value of agricultural products. The import of small-scale border trade was US$ 200 million, down 0.9% year-on-year, accounting for 0.7% of the total import value of agricultural products.
note:
1. Rice products: including rice, rice flour, rice and seed rice.
2. Corn products: including corn, corn flour, other processed corn and seed corn.
3. Wheat products: including wheat, wheat flour and seed wheat.
4. Barley products: including barley, processed barley and seed barley.
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Farmers in China are losing international and domestic markets.
Author: Li Changping 2008-01-14: 41:02 published in: blog China.
Farmers in China are losing "two markets". One is the domestic market of land-intensive agricultural products, such as soybeans and their processed products, 70% of which have been occupied by foreign enterprises; The other is the foreign market of labor-intensive agricultural products. For example, Japanese, Korean and European markets for vegetables and their processed products used to be the traditional dominant markets for Chinese mainland's agricultural products, but now they are gradually being replaced by foreign agricultural enterprises entering China.
China's agricultural policy has serious defects. Under the background of globalization, China agriculture is forced to enter the third development stage. If the policy goal of the first stage of agricultural development is to pursue the increase of quantity, and the second stage is to pursue the improvement of the quality and price of agricultural products, then the core policy goal of the third stage is to occupy market share and obtain lasting market share income.
In order to occupy market share, the main policy measures are "organization-intensive+technology-intensive (focusing on quality improvement)+capital-intensive+brand-intensive+national industrial policy support", which is why developed countries in Europe and America still implement high subsidies for their agricultural organizations.
Two years ago, the author wrote an article warning that if farmers in China lose the trend of "two markets" at home and abroad, the consequences will be very serious. First, China will lose the pricing power of agricultural products; Second, small farmers are always threatened by large-scale bankruptcy or becoming capitalist meat. For example, in the past two years, many soybean farmers have gone bankrupt, and cotton farmers and dairy farmers are now meat on the table.
The author predicts that in the future, the income growth of farmers in China will decrease year by year, and the simple reproduction of small-scale peasant families will have to rely on the income of family members who are employed in cities. However, more small farmers in China will be forced to give up their small-scale family business, and rural areas in China will usher in an era of rapid merger. The arrival of this era will bring four fundamental changes: rural problems will be transformed into urban problems; The problems of farmers are transformed into the problems of workers; Domestic dual economic contradictions are transformed into international trade frictions; Economic and social problems will become political problems. This may be the transformation that China must face in the process of transformation, and the test for the China government may really begin.
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The above link is "The Impact of China's Entry into WTO on Northeast Grain Industry and Countermeasures" co-authored by Bi Kegui and Ning Shuang. The internet speed here is extremely slow. Download it yourself.
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