Song Meiling and Wei Gang milk have to tell the inside story. . . Repost
Hua Yin Xiaoxiao 212-9-28 14::46
Song Meiling's life is the epitome of modern China society. From the 192s to the late 4s, he left footprints of life and social activities in many places in Nanjing. In Wei Gang, the eastern suburb of Nanjing, Song Meiling regarded this area as a hot spot to help the poor and orphans. Under her approval and advocacy, she successively established the National Revolutionary Army school, the primary school for benefiting the poor, the fruit farm and the poultry farm, among which the 21-year complex with Wei Gang milk and cows from 1928 to 1949 was a legend in the history of modern dairy industry.
In p>1929, Song Meiling founded Wei Gang Dairy Farm in Wei Gang, Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, which was the first and only dairy farm founded by the national government. Song Meiling personally introduced more than 3 black-and-white purebred cows from the United States and Canada. Dairy farm is an experimental farm of the National Revolutionary Army school.
the birth of the cattle farm-the product of love after the Northern Expedition
From p>1924 to 1927, during the Northern Expedition, that is, the first revolutionary civil war, more than 4, troops of Beiyang warlords such as Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang were wiped out, and more than half of China was recovered, ending the rule of Beiyang warlords. The cruel war also left a large number of orphans of revolutionary martyrs.
In October, 1928, Chiang Kai-shek proposed to the Executive Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee that a preparatory committee for the school for survivors should be set up, with Cai Yuanpei, He Yingqin, Soong Ching Ling, Song Meiling, He Xiangning and others as members. The Preparatory Committee has set up an office in Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, which is responsible for the preparation. In November of the same year, the National Government decided to establish the "National Revolutionary Army Legacy School" to accommodate and train the children and relatives of those killed in the Northern Expedition. The honorary principal is Soong Ching Ling and the actual principal is Song Meiling. Under the urging of the Song sisters, the preparatory work was carried out smoothly. Chiang Kai-shek himself went there many times, and finally the school site was selected within the scope of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, that is, No.55 Wei Gang outside Sun Yat-sen Gate in Nanjing today, where the front-line song and dance troupe of the Political Department of Nanjing Military Region is located.
The National Revolutionary Army Legacy School covers an area of more than 2 mu and was completed in September 1929. The school gate is a traditional archway. On the front of the school gate, Tan Yankai, a veteran of the Kuomintang, wrote the "National Revolutionary Army Legacy School", and on the back, Chiang Kai-shek wrote the four characters "Dear and Sincere". The students enrolled in the school are all martyrs and orphans who died heroically following Sun Yat-sen's revolution. The purpose is to let them live and study in the place where Dr. Sun Yat-sen sleeps and feel the great revolutionary spirit of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The school has six grades of primary school, and the admission age is 6 to 11 years old. There is also an agricultural class for employees, and the maximum age of admission is no more than 2 years old. The whole school was divided into three departments: staff, primary school and conservation, and later a middle school was established. This group of children received free education at school, and most of them were absorbed by the army and air force at that time after graduating from high school.
Song Meiling adopted western-style teaching methods, and according to the school-running policy of "using both hands and brains and self-reliance", it set up an experimental farm in Xiaolingwei and Xiaowei Street, an experimental ranch in Sifang City near the school, and an experimental gardening field in Zhongshan Gate, so that students from all disciplines can work while studying.
At the same time, the school-run dairy farm covering an area of more than 4 mu, namely Wei Gang Dairy Farm, was built on the north side of the campus, with Song Meiling as the chairman of the school. High-quality cattle grazing and milk are a major feature of the school for the survivors. Song Meiling imported more than 3 black-and-white purebred cows from the United States and Canada, and produced the best milk in China at that time. The school stipulates that students must drink a pound of milk after the second class every morning. It can be said that they grew up drinking authentic fresh milk. The trend of drinking milk in the schools of the survivors has also affected many wealthy families in Nanjing, and everyone has started to drink milk to strengthen their health.
meticulous management of the dairy farm-Song Meiling takes care of it personally
According to Tang Hesong and Cao Jincai, the first generation of 9-year-old Wei Gang employees, Song Meiling personally participated in the establishment and management of Wei Gang dairy farm. As the first and only dairy farm founded by the National Government in China, Song Meiling used the privilege to ensure that the funds needed for the schools and pastures of the survivors were paid by the operating profits of the Xuzhou-Lianyungang railway, signed by Qian Dajun, then director of the Transportation Bureau, and sent to the schools of the survivors. In the stage of pasture planning, she personally participated in the design of No.4 cowshed; When the water source cannot be solved, she suggested using groundwater to build a water supply tower with a height of 5 meters and a depth of 1 meters underground.
Song Meiling lived in the United States as a teenager, and this experience made her accept more western ideas and apply them to pasture management. In 193s, Song Meiling hired Song Baolu, an American, as a consultant for seven years. Later, when the cow moved from Nanjing to Chengdu, he hired a Canadian expert as a consultant. At the same time, he arranged his own Chinese secretary to spend money and be responsible for production management for many years.
In the early 193s, Song Meiling visited the cowshed every month. There was a 4-meter-long path from the school of the survivors to the pasture, so she insisted on walking. At that time, cows had to take two baths a day, take their body temperature once a day, and record the number of times each cow ruminated to observe the health of cows. In addition to the thickness of the feed, soybeans should be ground into slurry and mixed with it. Coupled with the excellent quality of Dutch black and white flowers and British yellow cows, the yield of high-yield dairy cows has reached about 5kg, which is related to the strict requirements of Song Meiling. Once, a milkman suffered from trachoma, and Song Meiling was afraid of infecting the cows, so he asked his personal doctor to clean his eyes for half a year every day until he recovered.
During the period, it was rumored that when Song Meiling lived in Nanjing Xiaohongshan Mansion, he often bathed with milk to keep his skin delicate and tender. According to a book written by Hou Minggao, a staff member around Jiang Song, at that time, the milk delivered to the official residence every day was only about 1 pounds, which was not enough for bathing.
Cattle farms have moved through many twists and turns-Song Meiling is "meticulous"
In November p>1937, Nanjing was about to fall into the jaws of the Japanese army. At a critical juncture, Song Meiling decided to implement a huge relocation plan to transport cows to the rear of Chongqing. Under her direct arrangement, the management group was composed of Qian Yong and the secretary, and the feeding group was composed of Wang Yumin, then the director of the ranch. In late November, this special team went to Xuzhou by train from Pukou. Along the way, more than 5 cows were packed in the skins of six trains. They could not drink water and ate badly, and their physical fitness dropped significantly. When they arrived in Changsha via Zhengzhou, 1 cows died of anthrax. After learning this news, Song Meiling asked to stop the transfer and build a cowshed on the spot to feed the cows. This measure is really effective. After the high temperature in July and August, the health of the cattle will improve quickly, otherwise the consequences will be unimaginable.
In December, 1938, Wei Gang dairy cows arrived in Yichang after more than a year's drifting. When they continued to go against the river, the small steamboat of Minsheng Steamship Company could not transport the cattle to Chongqing. When Song Meiling learned about it, he found the British merchant ship Jingmen for consignment. After the cows arrived in Chongqing, they needed to be transferred to Chengdu because of the wet weather. In the case of lack of vehicles, Song Meiling used military vehicles to transport the cows to their destinations. When arriving at the last stop of Huaxi Dam Ranch, Song Meiling was relieved and went to visit Wang Yumin, Huang Zhicheng, Han Baoguo and other people and cows. Cao Jincai, who accompanied the cows in the "Anti-Japanese War" in those years, talked about the past more than 6 years ago with tears in his eyes. He said that without Song Meiling's efforts, it would be impossible for Wei Gang cows to complete such an unprecedented and unprecedented relocation.
During the six years in Chongqing from the end of 1938 to 1945, the affection between Song Meiling and Wei Gang cows increased, and they often kept a zero-distance contact. No matter in Geleshan, Jiulongpo, Huangshan, Zengjiaya and other apartments, full-time workers were equipped to feed the cows, and the cowshed was guarded by guards 24 hours a day. Sometimes Song Meiling walked to the cowshed to ask about the feeding situation and greeted the workers warmly. On one occasion, Chongqing was bombed by Japanese planes, and the ceiling of the cowshed was blown up. Fortunately, the cows were safe and sound. The next day, Song Meiling decided to send them to the suburbs of Chengdu as a precaution.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Song Meiling visited the school of the survivors and Wei Gang dairy farm many times to study the restoration work. In 1946, the National Government was still the capital of Nanjing. Since all the cows were moved to Chengdu, Song Meiling actively strived for the United Nations aid project, and got more than 4 cows at one time for free, of which 2 were left in the dairy farm of the school of the survivors and the other 2 were transported to the Tianmushan dairy farm, so that the dairy farm in Wei Gang quickly got out of the trauma of the war and resumed production and market supply.
After the founding of New China, the experimental ranch of the school of the survivors and its six cattle farms were taken over and merged to form the state-owned "Nanjing Dairy Farm". After many twists and turns, Wei Gang's career has been endless, and generations of cows have left a unique body shape. This process also reflects Song Meiling's equal attitude towards life. Until today, the descendants of Wei Gang cows in the 194s can still be seen in Tangquan Ranch, where the dairy group has 2,5 cows. A glimpse of the leopard shows that Song Meiling, as the founder of Wei Gang dairy industry, how can his love for cows not make people feel deeply touched!