It's not your major. I can't help you. I think you should write it yourself. I'll give you some reference. This is the content of the opening report given to us by the teacher, 1, the source of the topic and the purpose and significance of the research. 2. Research status and analysis in this field at home and abroad; 3. Main research contents and innovations; 4, research plan and progress, expected goals; 5, in order to complete the project has and need the conditions and funds; 6. Predict the difficulties and problems that may be encountered in the research process and the solutions; 7. Main references; Let's take a detailed look at how you describe what an opening report is and how to write it: 1. What is the opening report? The opening report refers to the written explanation of the scientific research topic by the opening person. This is a new applied style, which is produced with the enhancement of the planning of modern scientific research activities and the need of programmed management of scientific research topics. The opening report is generally in tabular format, and each item to be reported is converted into a corresponding column, which is convenient for the opening report to fill in according to the item and avoids omission; It is also convenient for the judges to see at a glance and grasp the main points. 2. What is the significance of writing the opening report? Writing the opening report, as the first writing link of multi-level scientific research work, is very important, because: through it, the initiator can sort out and summarize his understanding and preparation of the topic, thus making the specific research objectives, steps, methods, measures, progress and conditions more clear; Through it, the questioner can provide a more definite basis for the commentator to open the topic. "Words are not far away". It is undoubtedly much more practical and reliable to replace the widely used oral opening report form with a written opening report. If the project is formally established once it is approved, it can also have a direct impact on the research work after the project, or play a temporary guiding role in the research work of the project; Or as an important basis for modifying subjects. In a word, the scientific research report is the main written expression in the topic selection stage, which actually becomes a powerful link connecting the four links of topic selection preparation, topic selection, topic examination and project establishment. In today's world, we must pay attention to the writing of the opening report. If we don't pay attention to the writing of the opening report, even the prestigious researchers will inevitably fail. There is an example in the United States: the American Science Foundation received two opening reports on the same scientific research topic at the same time, one written by Seeburg, who won the Nobel Prize; The other was written by an unknown young researcher. After careful evaluation by experts, the application of nobody was approved, and the research funds for this subject were also allocated to him. So in the United States, many scientists spend almost two months every year drafting project proposals (that is, opening reports). As far as China's situation is concerned, the regulations that scientific and technological workers should write "opening report of scientific research" and graduate students and undergraduates should write "opening report of degree thesis" have been implemented. In the future, with the strengthening of scientific research management, the requirements for writing the opening report will be higher and higher. 3. How to fill in the columns of the opening report? 3. 1 How to fill in the columns on the cover of the opening report The columns on the cover are filled in by the opening person (student). Among them, the column of "year, month and day": at the bottom of the cover of the opening report, the actual completion date of the opening report should be filled in. The actual completion date should generally be completed within the time period specified by the school. If it is overdue, it will be deemed that the opening report has not been completed on time. 3.2 column filling method review "Summarize the research trends at home and abroad of this topic, and explain the basis and significance of the topic selection" includes "summary" and "description". The so-called synthesis refers to the author's induction and comprehensive analysis of a large number of materials, making the literature more refined, clearer, more hierarchical and more logical. The so-called narration is to comment on various theories and viewpoints and put forward one's own opinions and viewpoints. In fact, to fill in this column, the sponsor (student) needs to write a brief summary of the research trends at home and abroad on this topic, so as to explain what the topic is based on and what academic research value it has. 3.2. 1 The main body of the abstract generally consists of four parts: introduction, text, abstract and references. 3.2. 1. 1 Introduction is used to summarize the related concepts and definitions of the theme, the scope of the review, the current situation of related issues, the focus of debate, etc. Let readers have a preliminary outline of the content of the comment. This part is about 200-300 words. 3.2. 1.2 The text is mainly used to describe various theories and clarify the historical background, research status and development direction of the topic. Its narrative style is flexible and diverse, and there is no fixed pattern that must be followed. It is often designed and created by the author according to the content of the comments. Generally speaking, the content of the text can be divided into several parts, each part is marked with a short and eye-catching subtitle, some parts are distinguished in various ways, some are based on domestic and foreign research trends, some are based on years, some are based on problems, some are based on different viewpoints, and some are based on development stages. But no matter which way is adopted, it should include historical background, current situation review and development direction. Historical background: in chronological order, briefly describe the ins and outs of this topic, focusing on whether this topic has been studied by predecessors. What's the research result? What's their conclusion? Through historical comparison, the research level of each stage is explained. The summary of the current situation is divided into three layers: first, it focuses on the current research status of this topic at home and abroad, focusing on the current focus of debate on this topic, comparing the similarities and differences of various viewpoints, and indicating the author's point of view; Secondly, introduce creative and promising theories and assumptions in detail, and draw out arguments (including the title of the cited article, the author's name and the original materials reflecting the author's views). Content of development direction: Through vertical (vertical) and horizontal (vertical) comparison, affirm the research level of this topic at home and abroad, point out the existing problems, put forward the possible development trend, indicate the research direction and propose possible solutions. The text is the core of the summary, and its length is about 1000- 1500 words. 3.2. 1.3 Abstract (unnecessary) In the abstract, it is best to briefly summarize the contents of the text, and put forward the author's own views, indicating what he agrees with and opposes. Especially solved what? What other problems need to be further discussed and solved? What is the academic value of solving it? So as to highlight and point out the basis and significance of the topic selection. This part of the text is not much, which is equivalent to an introduction. Only after describing each part of the text can a short summary be highly summarized in a few sentences. 3.2. 1.4 References are original materials and the basis of summary. They are placed at the end of the opening report and are omitted here. 3.2.2 Abstract Writing Steps 3.2.2. 1 Establishing the topic In the opening report, the abstract topic is the name of the topic. After determining the topic of collecting and reading documents, 3.2.2.2 needs to consult and accumulate relevant documents, which is the basis of writing a good abstract. Therefore, the more files you need to collect, the more complete the better. The common method is to consult the literature through retrieval reference books such as abstracts and indexed periodicals, and advanced methods such as computer network retrieval can also be adopted. Some disciplines need scientific experiments, observations and investigations to obtain the required information. Reading and sorting out documents is an important step to write a good summary. When reading a document, you must understand the main arguments and arguments of the document, make "reading notes", make a document excerpt card, write down the enlightenment, experience and ideas gained in the reading process in your own language, extract the essence of the document, and accumulate the best original materials for writing summary. The process of reading literature and making cards is actually a process of digesting and absorbing the essence of literature. Making cards and notes is easy to handle, and can be sorted according to the requirements of the review theme, so as to make it serialized and organized. Finally, the classified data are analyzed scientifically, and experiences are written and opinions are put forward. Before 3.2.2.3 writes a written summary, he should first draw up a writing outline, then write the first draft, and then modify it after the "creative fever" cools down, and finally copy it into the column of "summarizing the domestic and international trends of this topic and explaining the basis and significance of the topic" in the opening report form. 3.2.3 Precautions for writing a summary 3.2.3. 1 When writing a summary, the information collected should be as complete as possible, and it is forbidden to start writing by collecting some information casually, and it is even more forbidden to read a few Chinese materials and then piece together a so-called summary. The original review materials of 3.2.3.2 should reflect the word "new", that is, there must be the latest published documents, and the reference documents generally do not include textbooks and monographs. 3.2.3.3 insists on the unity of materials and viewpoints, and avoids introducing too many materials and discussing too little, or discussing too much and giving too little concrete basis, so it should be obviously scientific. 3.2.3.4's review materials come from previous articles, so he must be faithful to the original, and cannot be taken out of context, castrated or distorted. 3.3 How to fill in the column "Basic content of research, main problems to be solved" is filled in by the initiator (student). Although the "basic content of research" and "main problems to be solved" are closely related in content, they are different in angle and can be expressed separately when filling in. 3.3. 1 Filling method of "Basic contents of research". "The basic content of research" is the main content of the paper (design) and the core of the research content. The text is divided into several parts and several levels. Filling in this column is actually the writing outline of the basic content of the paper. There are two ways to write the basic content outline: one is the title method, which summarizes the content of a certain part in the form of a subtitle. The title method has the advantages of conciseness, conciseness and clarity. The disadvantage is that you can only understand it yourself, others can't understand it, and over time, you will be blurred. The other is the sentence method, which summarizes the content of a part in a sentence form that can express the complete meaning. The advantage of sentence-making method is that it is specific and clear, no matter how long it is put down, it will not be forgotten, and others will understand it after reading it. Disadvantages are: the writing style is not clear at a glance, it is not easy to think, and there are too many words. The above two writing methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. It is up to the author to decide which is better or worse. There is no fixed pattern to be followed in the writing outline of both liberal arts papers and science and engineering papers, and everything depends on the needs of the research content. Here are two cases for reference when filling in the column of "Basic Contents of Research". Basic content outline writing case 1: (see annex 1) Basic content outline writing case 2: (see annex 2)3.3.2 The main problem to be solved is the main direction and research purpose of the paper. Specifically, it refers to new theoretical problems, new technical problems and new method problems. This is what the sponsor envisioned in advance and will prove in the paper, as well as the basic views of the sponsor on this issue (what is in favor of and what is against). Filling in this column requires the author to convey the above information in the title of the paper in clear and specific words (try to use one or two sentences). On the basis of summarizing the research trends of this subject at home and abroad, the "main problems to be solved" are put forward. All parts of the paper are aimed at discussing this main problem, and the solution of the main problem will lead to the research results. A paper has only one center and one key point. No matter the length of the article or the amount of materials, there is only one theme. Concentration is also a profound guarantee. Only by focusing on a theme can we discuss it in depth. If a subject has to solve two or more main problems, it may lead to unclear main attack direction, various difficulties in the discussion process, or conflicting views, or confusion in logic, or confusion in priorities. So generally speaking, a scientific research paper discusses a basic point of view and solves a major problem. 3.4 How to fill in the column "Research Steps, Methods and Measures" is to be filled in by the sponsor (student). Please answer the question of how to study this topic. It can be expressed from three aspects: research steps, research methods and research measures. 3.4. 1 research steps research steps, also known as writing steps and writing procedures, specifically refer to all stages from asking questions to writing. When filling in, it can be expressed as follows: step one, choose a topic; The second step is to collect, read and sort out information; The third step is to demonstrate and organize (write the opening report); Step four, write a written document; Fifth, the paper is revised and finalized; The sixth step is foreign language translation. In order to give students a clear impression of these six steps, the following is a brief introduction one by one. The first step is to choose a topic. That is, choosing a research topic and determining the main direction is the first step in writing a paper and a strategic event. The topic selection must conform to the principle of topic selection. Whether the topic is appropriate or not is directly related to the quality level of research results. There are two ways to choose a topic: assignment of tutor's proposition and students' independent topic selection. Choosing the right topic is half the battle. The second step is to collect and read information. After selecting the topic, we should collect information and accumulate knowledge. "A clever woman can't cook without rice", and scientific research is inseparable from information. We should exert a high degree of subjective initiative when collecting information and try our best to obtain the information we need. There are two main sources of information: one is literature; The second is scientific experiment, observation and investigation. Let's start with literature. Literature is a summary of previous scientific research. Scientific research is always carried out on the basis of previous studies, with inheritance and continuity. We need reference materials to understand the history and present situation of this research, grasp the trend, draw lessons, broaden our thinking, compare and make judgments. And get reference, confirmation, supplement and basis from it. These are all necessary materials for writing a thesis. Let's talk about collecting materials for scientific experiments, observations and investigations. Scientific experiment is the operation and activity of changing the research object in order to expose the internal contradictions of things, reveal the essence and laws of things and discover their internal contradictions. Because the experiment is carried out under controlled conditions, external influences will be excluded as far as possible. Therefore, it is possible for people to observe the research object carefully and carefully, so as to find out the internal relations of things. If we want to get the first-hand materials of the experiment, we must make scientific observation. Scientific observation should be objective, systematic and confidential. Objectivity means not to be preconceived and look at things with colored glasses, but to reflect the true colors of things. Systematization refers to observing the whole process of development and change of things continuously and completely according to certain procedures, without missing important details. Fossilization means observing in an informal way and paying attention to any minor changes. In observation, we often find unexpected situations. This accidental discovery is called opportunity. Let's not miss this opportunity easily, there may be important scientific discoveries in it. Observation should timely and accurately record the observed phenomena, data and results, which are the materials for our writing papers. Scientific experiments must be carried out with the help of experimental raw materials, instruments and equipment, and different materials and equipment may produce different results. Therefore, the equipment used in these scientific experiments also belongs to the materials that need to be reflected in writing papers. Whether it is social science or natural science, some materials can only be obtained through investigation. Observing and recording the spontaneous process of objective things is a scientific research activity (see the introduction of "investigation and research types" in the task book). The information obtained from various channels must be processed, including: checking whether the information is complete and important; Scientific classification of materials (it is best to classify according to China's book classification method to standardize the classification of materials, and it is best to adhere to the classification according to your own method); Data indexing, processing, unification (such as data, year and terminology should be unified to facilitate comparison), serialization (such as the year is interrupted, we should find ways to sort it out), typicalization (that is, screening similar data to find representative data), visualization (that is, expressing some numbers through charts and tables), etc. Collecting and sorting out information is extremely hard and meticulous work, which requires a spirit of hardship. Darwin once said: "Science is to sort out facts in order to draw universal laws or conclusions from them." It was after sorting out a large number of documents and collecting a large number of animal specimens that he wrote a great book, The Origin of Species. When Marx wrote Das Kapital, it took 40 years of hard work. He read a lot of theoretical works, factual materials, statistics and so on. He has learned and summarized more than 1500 books, for which he also learned several foreign languages. There are 505 kinds of books quoted and mentioned in Das Kapital, 59 kinds of parliamentary reports and other official documents in Britain and 56 kinds of newspapers and periodicals. Lenin gave an incisive explanation of the production process of Marx's Capital. He said, "Das Kapital" is nothing more than "summarizing a mountain of practical materials into a number of interrelated ideas." When writing graduation thesis, we should learn from the scientific spirit and the spirit of hard struggle of these great men. The third step is demonstration and organization. On the basis of collecting data, we need to use scientific methods to study. First of all, we should establish a scientific methodology. Secondly, master the correct analysis method. Third, establish arguments, including central arguments (or general arguments) and sub-arguments. Fourth, choose materials to write an outline, make overall arrangements for the content of the full text, make a unified layout of the structural format, plan the outline of the paper, and show the level of the paper. The process of argumentation and organization is also the process of writing the opening report. Step four, write it down. After collecting materials, establishing arguments, selecting materials and filling in the opening report, I entered the writing stage of the thesis. The fifth step is to revise the final paper (design). After the first draft of a paper (design) is written, it should be revised in terms of ideological content and expression. Revising the paper is a very subtle and in-depth work. After many revisions, the paper can be printed and finalized, and the typesetting must meet the requirements of the text. The sixth step is foreign language translation: translation is an important symbol of the basic quality and professional level of undergraduate graduates. The main purpose of translation is to obtain and disseminate the latest academic information, which generally requires loyalty to the original text and fluency. 3.4.2 Research method Research method refers to the thinking method when analyzing and demonstrating the subject, which belongs to the category of epistemology. Without correct research methods, it is impossible to deeply understand the essence of things and reveal their objective laws. Without correct research methods, we can't have discovery, invention, progress and innovation, and naturally we can't have research results. Therefore, some experts and scholars believe that choosing a good research method is equivalent to completing half of the paper. There are many scientific research methods. According to the distinction of human activities, it can be divided into two categories: practical (empirical) methods; Theoretical method. The former is observation, experiment and investigation, while the latter is abstraction and hypothesis. According to the scope of application, various scientific research methods can be divided into three categories: namely, philosophical methods applicable to all disciplines; General methods applicable to many disciplines; Special methods or specialized methods suitable for some specific disciplines. Only some research methods can be listed here, and scientific research methods can be divided into three categories according to the scope of application, some of which are applicable to all majors and some are applicable to some majors. 3.4.2. 1 Philosophical method Philosophical method is the most common and universal method, which is applicable to all disciplines and occupations. 3.4.2.2's general thinking method is the intermediary between philosophical method and specialized analysis method, and it is a general method to acquire empirical knowledge and develop theoretical knowledge. Divided into: induction and deduction; Analysis and synthesis methods; Historical and logical analysis methods; Contradiction analysis method; System analysis method; Causal analysis; Comparative analysis method; Qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. 3.4.2.3's special analytical method is also called special research method. There are many special methods, not to list them one by one. Colleges, departments and even majors can combine the research characteristics of colleges, departments and majors and introduce some special research methods. For example, the common special research methods for science and engineering majors are: experiment, observation and investigation. In the disciplines of matter, chemistry, mathematics and biology, there are their own special methods, such as spectral analysis in physical research, colorimetric method in chemical research and so on. The common professional research method of economic management specialty is econometric method. The special methods commonly used by law majors include historical textual research, comparative analysis, social analysis, normative interpretation and economic analysis. The common specialized research methods of literature and art major include "literary history" criticism, social criticism, traditional research, psychoanalysis, prototype criticism, semiotic research, Russian formalism research, British and American new criticism, structuralism, hermeneutics and so on. The special research methods of Chinese language and literature major include reasoning and discussion, proof and refutation, traditional textual research, textual research, textual research and comment. The special research methods of psychology major include observation, investigation, experiment, case study and behavior research. Different research methods can be used in each part of the same paper. Various methods complement each other and coordinate with each other, thus revealing the special laws of all aspects or levels of the research object, and then proving the general argument. For undergraduates who have just started writing papers, some don't know what research methods there are, and they don't talk about methods when writing papers; Some don't ask questions, copy mechanically and use research methods indiscriminately; Although some people know some research methods, they are often limited to one method in their papers, with single thinking and narrow vision. To this end, the initiator (student) must first learn the knowledge of research methods; Second, the author (student) should analyze specific problems and use various methods flexibly in writing papers, so as to get twice the result with half the effort.