1, with different definitions. Reserve funds refer to the funds occupied by raw materials, fuels, outsourced semi-finished products, packaging materials, low-value consumables, repair spare parts and other materials purchased by enterprises to ensure the normal production and business activities. Surplus reserves refer to all kinds of surplus reserves extracted from the after-tax profits of enterprises according to the provisions of laws and regulations and the resolutions of the competent departments of enterprises.

2. It's a little different. Reserve fund is the main part of enterprise working capital, and surplus reserve is a part of enterprise operating profit (pre-tax profit).