China's manufacturing industry has a huge scale, a sound system and a huge market space. Under the general trend of digital technology accelerating empowerment, it is very important to integrate the digital economy into the development of manufacturing industry, accelerate the deep integration of manufacturing industry and digital economy, drive the digital transformation of manufacturing industry, and promote the high-quality development of China's economy. At present, it has become a "must-choose" problem for China manufacturing enterprises to speed up digital transformation.
The digital transformation of manufacturing industry has a series of favorable conditions.
With the rapid development of digital economy in China, the application of next-generation information technologies such as big data, Internet, cloud computing and artificial intelligence has played an increasingly significant role in promoting the development of manufacturing industry. The development of China's advanced manufacturing industry has the advantages of digital transformation, mainly in the following aspects:
First, the continuous improvement of the policy system has provided a good environment for the digitalization of manufacturing. In recent years, in order to promote the digital transformation of manufacturing industry and promote the digital, networked, intelligent and high-quality development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the relevant state departments have issued a series of strategic plans and policy measures, which have provided effective compliance and institutional guarantee for accelerating the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises.
Second, the construction of digital infrastructure has been accelerated, providing basic guarantee for the digitalization of manufacturing industry. By the end of 2020, China's 5G base stations have reached 7 1.8 million, and the number of 5G terminal connections has exceeded 200 million, ranking first in the world. In 2020, the scale of economic added value of industrial Internet industry in China will be about 3. 1 trillion yuan. The rapid construction and development of industrial internet provides an important carrier and opportunity for the digital transformation of manufacturing industry.
Third, the upgrading of supply and demand structure in the product market provides a realistic driving force for the digital transformation of manufacturing industry. Under the background of the development of dual-cycle economy, the upgrading of domestic consumption structure provides a broad supply and demand space for the digital transformation of manufacturing industry. Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the new consumption pattern is booming, and the market demand space is expanding, which forces the supply structure to upgrade and provides a driving force for the digital transformation of manufacturing industry.
Fourth, the scale of digital technology application market has increased, which has provided effective support for the digital transformation of manufacturing industry. According to the data in the White Paper on the Development of Digital Economy in China, the overall scale of digital economy in China will reach 39.2 trillion yuan in 2020, and the proportion of digital economy in GDP has increased to 38.6%. The vigorous development of digital technology provides effective technical support for the digital transformation of manufacturing industry.
Lack of core technology and talents has become a stumbling block to transformation.
At present, the digital transformation of China's manufacturing industry has ushered in an important opportunity, but it also faces challenges such as insufficient understanding of enterprises, lack of industrial core technology, low level of digital strategy and lack of talents with high digital literacy.
First, enterprises lack scientific cognition, which hinders the whole process of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises. Digitalization is not only a technical update, but also an all-round change in business philosophy, strategy, organization and operation, which needs to be planned from the overall situation. At present, most enterprises' understanding of digital transformation is still limited to how to introduce advanced information systems at the production end. They lack a comprehensive and profound understanding of digital transformation of enterprises, and it is difficult to reach a * * * understanding within enterprises, especially among top managers.
Second, the core technology of the industry is lacking, and the foundation of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises is not solid. At present, in the whole manufacturing process of design, production, management and service in China, key core technologies such as simulation, hybrid modeling, additive manufacturing, lean management and supply chain collaboration are backward, which makes the foundation of digital transformation of manufacturing industry relatively weak and hinders the process of digital transformation of manufacturing industry to some extent.
Third, the low level of digital strategy is a major problem facing the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises. At present, the common problems in the digital transformation of some small and medium-sized enterprises are the low level of digital strategy, the lack of strong institutional design and organizational remodeling, and the lack of clear strategic objectives and practical paths. The problem of "will not turn" and "dare not turn" of small and medium-sized enterprises is more prominent.
Fourth, the lack of talents with high digital literacy restricts the ability of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises. At present, enterprises generally lack compound talents with high digital literacy who know both digital technology and production and operation, have digital skills and can lead digital strategy. With the rapid development of industrial internet, the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises is facing the problem of shortage of digital "cross-border" talents and insufficient supply of digital talents.
Multi-pronged approach to accelerate digital transformation
Generally speaking, the digital transformation of China's manufacturing industry is still in the primary stage. In order to speed up the digital transformation of China manufacturing enterprises, it is suggested to do the following work:
The first is to improve the cognitive level of digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises. Digital transformation is a long and gradual process. Different industries and different types of enterprises have different emphases and paths of digital transformation. For enterprises, it is necessary to identify their own production factors in the digital economy, proceed from their own needs and pain points, formulate a digital transformation plan suitable for their own maturity and development strategy, and promote digital transformation step by step.
The second is to strengthen the support of talents and increase the cultivation and introduction of talents with high digital literacy. Local governments should study and formulate policies related to talents with high digital literacy, and speed up the introduction and training of talents in industrial digital transformation. Enterprises should focus on building their own digital talent development system and enhancing their digital talent reserve. Colleges and universities can develop the layout of emerging disciplines such as big data and artificial intelligence, and build a long-term and efficient digital talent incubation mechanism with enterprises.
The third is to increase investment in digital transformation research and development and strengthen key core technologies. Local governments should increase scientific and technological investment in the digital transformation of manufacturing industry and key core technologies, and guide enterprises to carry out digital transformation through reasonable fiscal and taxation policies such as subsidized loans for technological transformation, accelerated depreciation and investment in industrial guidance funds. Enterprises themselves should also increase the investment in resources such as funds and talents for digital transformation, strengthen the investment in cutting-edge scientific and technological talents, and effectively improve their own innovation capabilities.
The fourth is to promote the innovation and change of enterprise digital model. For most small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, they can fully learn from the leading experience of digital transformation of domestic leading enterprises, tap the value of their data assets, promote product and service innovation, and realize a virtuous circle of their own development; At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the top-level design, formulate a forward-looking digital strategy that conforms to its own characteristics, promote the innovation of enterprise digital mode and the reform of organizational management mode, and lay a solid management foundation for the ultimate realization of intelligent manufacturing.
The fifth is to promote data openness and security and improve the legal system of digital economy. It is necessary to speed up the formulation and application of manufacturing data standards, gradually improve the manufacturing data standard system, promote the upstream and downstream enterprises in the industry to strengthen the open sharing of data, and help the overall digital upgrading of the industrial chain. At the same time, we should refer to international experience to speed up data security legislation, promote the formulation of data rights ownership, data transactions and other related legal systems, and strengthen the protection of industrial data and personal information. In the process of digital transformation, enterprises should also build their own data security system, establish a collaborative joint prevention and control mechanism with their subordinate enterprises, and build a systematic data security prevention capability of collaborative joint prevention and control. (Ru Xu Wei Li Yuying Author: Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Institute of Science and Technology Development Strategy)