In recent years, local banking institutions have increased their support for the science and technology-based real economy and achieved good results. Take a city as an example. By the end of the third quarter of 20 15, the banking institutions in this city had granted credit to 150 science and technology enterprises1300 million yuan, accounting for 15% of the total credit. However, there are still some constraints that cannot be ignored in supporting the development of science and technology enterprises, which have affected the sustained and healthy development of science and technology enterprises.
(1) The financial status or production and operation status of the enterprise cannot meet the loan conditions. Science and technology enterprises are mostly developing small and medium-sized enterprises, and their operation and development are unstable. For example, it takes about two years for a technology research and development enterprise in a city to obtain a project from research and development to production. During this period, customers only need to pay a small amount of deposit in advance, and all research and development funds can be obtained after successful research and development. If it is not successful, the contract will be invalid, and the enterprise will bear the R&D expenses on its own, which will lead to long production cycle, high R&D expenses and high operational risks, and it will be difficult to achieve.
(2) There are few assets available for mortgage guarantee. Usually, science and technology enterprises have less self-owned assets, less fixed assets that can be mortgaged and lack effective guarantees. For example, a science and technology park in a city is a relatively concentrated area of science and technology enterprises in recent years, but most of them rent factories in the park, and their own assets are not enough to provide mortgage guarantee; On the other hand, the intellectual property owned by science and technology enterprises is technical and professional, and it is difficult to evaluate and pledge.
(C) The ability and awareness of banks to serve technology-based enterprises need to be improved. The differentiation and specialization of specialized products and services of banks are not enough, which can not fully meet the diversified financing needs of science and technology enterprises. At present, most banks must have qualified mortgage for loan funds based on the consideration of capital security, and only a city commercial bank is trying to carry out the "patent right" pledge loan business; Moreover, credit products, credit guarantees, business processes, risk assessment, etc. Mainly for traditional industrial customers and traditional tangible assets, there is no differentiated credit business system based on the characteristics of technology enterprises, and the risk tolerance assessment of technology enterprise loans has not been improved accordingly.
(D) The credit guarantee system for technology enterprises still needs to be improved. Lack of re-guarantee institutions, local guarantee institutions are weak. Some guarantee institutions need to improve their professionalism when evaluating the development of enterprises, and still take whether the enterprises have guarantees or mortgages as the judging criteria, which weakens the effect of providing effective guarantees for enterprises.
(E) The government's support for science and technology enterprises is limited. Although there are "two funds" of the government (technological innovation fund for small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises and high-tech venture capital fund), these funds account for a small proportion of high-tech development funds and are scattered, which cannot provide strong support for some good projects and large projects.
(VI) The single financing channel survey shows that bank credit is still the main financing source of technology-based enterprises, accounting for more than 80% of enterprise financing. Social investment and financing channels are not smooth, and there are not many ways. On the one hand, it is a large amount of social capital accumulation; On the other hand, technology-based enterprises have high investment risks, are easily influenced by the business environment, have large variables, have few assets and relatively low debt capacity, and are difficult to attract investors. It is difficult for enterprises to obtain funds, which leads to some good projects being difficult to become bigger and stronger, unable to form economies of scale and realize industrialization due to lack of financial support.
Second, the practice of banking financial institutions serving science and technology enterprises.
(1) Strengthen supervision, guide financial management departments to take measures, and guide banks to strengthen financial services for technology-based enterprises. First, guide banks to establish and improve the credit rating system and credit business process suitable for the characteristics of technology enterprises; Second, under the premise of controllable risks, appropriately increase the examination and approval authority of grass-roots institutions; Third, strive for more policy inclination in human resources, financial resources and credit scale; Fourth, scientific evaluation and timely disposal of non-performing loans of technology enterprises; Fifth, encourage banking institutions to innovate financing products, financing channels and guarantee mechanisms of technology-based enterprises to meet the needs of the development of technology-based enterprises to the greatest extent.
(II) Further improve the service system All localities seized the historical opportunity of implementing the innovation-driven development strategy and actively set up science and technology franchise branches. At present, two banking institutions in a certain city have set up branches specializing in science and technology, and are equipped with relevant professionals to actively explore the establishment of a loan mechanism for science and technology enterprises with sustainable business development, and the financial service system for science and technology enterprises has been further improved.
(III) Vigorously Promote the Construction of Risk Compensation Mechanism In view of the high loan risk of technology-based enterprises, various localities have promulgated the Interim Measures for Risk Compensation of Pilot Credit Financing Business in technology and finance, which has achieved a major breakthrough in the construction of financing risk compensation mechanism for technology-based enterprises and played a positive role in comprehensively improving the financial service environment of technology-based enterprises. The Measures urge banks to improve their risk tolerance, lower the loan threshold and increase credit input to technology-based enterprises by providing a certain amount of bad debt risk compensation and incentives to science and technology branches.
(4) Further enrich the variety of financial services. According to the market situation of scientific and technological enterprises, local financial institutions develop new products in time to meet the needs of scientific and technological enterprises. For example, a city commercial bank cooperates with the SME Innovation Center and the SME Development Center to launch a "patent" pledge loan business; And take the movable property or goods right owned by the enterprise or legally owned by the third party as the pledge, and launch the "warehouse connection" loan business; Rural credit cooperatives promoted mutual-aid member-guaranteed loans, granted credit of 52 million yuan to nine scientific and technological enterprises, and invested a total of 37 million yuan.
(5) The combination of listing counseling, financing and financing for technology-based enterprises not only provides financial support for technology-based enterprises with listing expectations, but also gives effective intellectual support in listing planning and counseling, supervision and use of raised funds, and later development planning, so as to help enterprises achieve leap-forward development. Take a city as an example. With the help of banks, two high-tech enterprises in this city will be listed within two years, and their development will soon enter a new stage.
(VI) Actively helping enterprises to broaden financing channels Taking a city as an example, in order to help enterprises realize the transformation from indirect financing to direct financing, in 20 14, the medium-term notes of RMB 500 million underwritten by 1 technology enterprises of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank were successfully issued, which expanded the sources of low-cost funds for enterprises and effectively supported the rapid and healthy development of enterprises.
Three. Suggestions on further supporting the development of science and technology enterprises
(1) Further improve the specialized service mechanism of science and technology enterprises, carry out indirect financing services, further promote the standardization of management, team specialization, product standardization, workflow, accounting independence and risk decentralization of science and technology franchise branches, and guide them to adhere to the business direction and business philosophy focusing on serving science and technology enterprises. Explore the mode of "one line, two systems" in science and technology sub-branches, and adhere to and improve the "five separation" management system of science and technology sub-branches-separate customer access mechanism, separate credit approval mechanism, separate risk tolerance policy, separate provision policy and separate business coordination policy; Promote the decentralization of loan approval authority; Adhere to both financial information and non-financial information in credit evaluation, joint evaluation of major projects, long-term risk management and team responsibility system, and improve the risk management mechanism of scientific and technological branches.
(2) Explore the intellectual property pledge mode, develop financial products suitable for technology-based enterprises, guide franchisees to continuously explore and innovate financial products and service methods that meet the characteristics of technology-based enterprises, and promote product service innovation to meet the development needs of technology-based enterprises. Organize the establishment of intellectual property trading centers and constantly improve the disposal methods of intellectual property pledge loans; Simplify the business process of intellectual property pledge loan and open a "green channel" for intellectual property pledge evaluation; Formulate and improve the technical specifications and implementation methods of intellectual property pledge evaluation; Explore the intellectual property pledge evaluation model of "evaluation+guarantee+credit evaluation+counseling". Establish a financing platform model of "unified borrowing and unified repayment"; Explore the credit factory model and promote joint mutual insurance loans; Explore the micro-loan model of "loan bank+loan assisting institution". Promote the innovation of pledged loans and constantly innovate the factoring financing model. Promote innovations in equity pledge loans, contract energy loans, rent receivable factoring, and debt insurance financing.
(3) Improve the credit guarantee system of science and technology enterprises, provide practical and effective services for enterprises, and vigorously promote the innovation of science and technology guarantee institutions. Promote the innovation of science and technology guarantee in guarantee mode and counter-guarantee mode, including but not limited to mutual insurance of enterprises, interest discount of subsidy funds, equity pledge, accounts receivable pledge, intangible assets pledge, etc. Promote the innovation of science and technology guarantee in business model and profit model, including but not limited to risk guarantee, dividend guarantee and option guarantee. Explore the "joint guarantee platform for financing of science and technology enterprises" model of loan banks, industrial park incubators, venture capital institutions, government special support funds and science and technology guarantee institutions.
(4) Give full play to the leverage of financial funds, innovate the mode and mechanism of financial investment, co-ordinate the financial, scientific and technological support at the city and county (park) levels, arrange a certain amount of municipal funds every year, establish a risk-taking mechanism linked by the government and financial institutions, focus on credit risk compensation, venture capital risk compensation, financing guarantee debt development, guiding fund injection and funds for the construction of scientific and technological financial platforms, give play to the strategic guiding role of state-owned capital, and make greater policies. Explore the new mode of government purchasing scientific and technological innovation achievements, services and products of high-tech enterprises; Give play to the guiding role of tax policy, explore the pre-tax deduction policy of enterprise R&D expenses and preferential policies for venture capital, and guide enterprises to further increase investment in science and technology.
(5) Broaden direct financing channels, build multi-level capital markets, improve policies to promote the development of equity investment, actively introduce national or regional venture (venture) investment funds and industrial investment funds, establish institutions and expand business relying on local regional advantages; Through the guidance of government investment, the industrial structure adjustment fund will be set up to promote the development and perfection of growth enterprises and the integration and reorganization of declining enterprises. Provide all-round "one-stop" office services and project docking through tax incentives, and create a good environment for the development of venture capital market. Gradually form various types of equity investment fund gathering areas to promote the healthy development of the private equity investment market. Promote the follow-up of indirect financing such as bank loans by providing channels for venture capital such as PE and VC. We will improve the training system for the restructuring and listing of small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the listing of scientific and technological enterprises through listing incentives, land concessions, financial subsidies, tax concessions or returns, intermediary bridging, historical settlement and coordination services. Build a trading platform for technical property rights, give full play to its comprehensive service function, promote financial innovation and service coordination in an organized manner, and continuously enhance the ability to serve economic development.