The funds for vertical scientific research projects come from superior departments and project authorities. Vertical scientific research projects (topics) refer to

Governments at all levels and their functional departments, the Fund Committee, and various academic organizations publicly release the project (subject) notice. A scientific research project approved by the teaching and research personnel (including bidding) organized by the scientific research office of the college and funded by certain funds.

(theme).

Extended data:

Horizontal scientific research projects refer to other government departments (including national ministries and commissions, provincial and municipal departments), enterprises and institutions, companies and organizations.

Or all kinds of topics entrusted by individuals to our teaching and research units or teachers for research or cooperative research.

Including international enterprises.

Do a project. In other words, horizontal scientific research projects (projects) refer to all projects except vertical scientific research projects, including

Various scientific research projects (projects) undertaken by university teachers and researchers directly entrusted by governments and departments at all levels or obtained through other forms.

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