First of all, the firm is completely different. I don't know about that. Let's talk about investment banks. I saw this question a few days ago and asked a circle of friends from investment banks and funds. Every place has a different grade. Compared with large investment banks, the grades are more distinct, while boutique investment banks (less obvious) are mainly reflected in the front, middle and back offices. The following investment banks are mainly in Europe, America and Hong Kong, and the domestic division is rather chaotic. First answer why you think there will be more VP. You want to see the VP at the front desk, probably sales &; Sales department of trade or IBD. Because the VP level needs to go out directly to connect with customers or projects, you will see more. As far as the VP I met is concerned, it is mainly an executive talent (whatever type) with professional skills after working for a period of time. Although many VPs laugh at themselves, I personally think it's good @ Li Nan, GS has 10000 VP/ED/ED, 2000+MD &；; Par, I just sent an email to my friend in G to check it out. Let's answer different levels in detail. The emphasis here is on the front desk, middle desk/backstage-the front desk will be different, but the follow-up is the same high-level position. Sometimes people in the middle and back will choose to jump to the front, which will make this different. In addition, this classification is from the perspective of the sales side, and the purchase side is different and flatter. I will talk about the buyer later. At the same time, the buyer here will say that I know two kinds, one is pure trading/hedge fund/prop trading desk, and the other is VC/PE level. The actual situation depends, because the grading of each company is decided by a specific company. Especially analysts of firms/funds/boutique businesses: analysts are mainly responsible for, for example, industry surveys and reports. Assistant: The first round of contact, processing and analysis VP/ED: VP is responsible for the interior, and ED is responsible for the exterior. In fact, this level has strong ability and strong execution, mainly in skills and execution, and has certain independent project-led analysis ability. MD level: VP comes from MD level, which pays more attention to management, risk control and large-scale projects. Par: partner level. Now the big investment banks are listed companies, so Par is of great significance. Core management: This involves management and requires professional skills. At the same time, it is a management task type, in charge of various departments. Head level: it depends on the situation of each company. Some departments like to call them department heads ... and so on. In addition, Chase in JPM- Chase is a commercial banking department -comm-bank, which is quite different. I'm not particularly clear about the VP inside, but it's actually similar to the above, but because the buyer is somewhat flat, it may be divided as follows: assistant: one or two, sometimes part-time analytical work, and sometimes assistant (in the case of analyst department or team). VP: Responsible for project docking, reporting and evaluation. MD: The position is the same as you said. Parity: The parity of the buyer is different. There are two different PARs: managing partners, many of whom are found later and have professional skills; Some Par will be responsible for IR, and there are co-founders/partners, usually founders, who bring big projects, big customers and big funds. So some people say that the strongest and most important buyer is Par level, which is the truth. Other partners have expertise in internal management or introduce technology. Some PE-VCS are so detailed, or have special analysis departments. Some PE-VCs, larger and finer, will add senior, VP after asso, and director, ED and MD after VP, depending on the needs of each company. Regarding whether the street is rotten, I personally think: no, it's because of the volume. IB, fund, our own position is pro-service, especially fund. The number of people is small, and the amount of funds managed is relatively large. Therefore, people who go out to dock projects actually have more resources and higher requirements for skills. Many of them are actually managers in some industries, and the people who go out to dock are also vice presidents, chairmen and directors, so it is normal to dock with the title of VP. As can be seen from the above process, VP is actually docked. Apart from the difficulty of big Par, MD level can still be docked. Everyone is a small group working fast mode, which is different from that of large enterprises. I don't like to look up on this issue. I like to see personal technical level, background and value, so I think most of the VP I know are OK. In addition, VP sometimes feels bad because many key resources of Buy-side are brought by Par, and VP, as an executive, sometimes feels less important. But most of the VP professional and technical functions I know are OK. In addition, sometimes the buyer doesn't need to be like the seller, so the opposite requirements will actually be lower, as long as your professional skills are particularly strong. Hedge funds/prop counters/trading counters are different. The whole company structure is another set.