original website:/read-a-scientific-paper # aiinfo

generally speaking, scientific papers can be divided into review paper and empirical research paper. Both of these types can be used as excellent sources for in-depth understanding of specific scientific research fields. However, these papers are intensive and include some terms that may be daunting. If you are patient and study the paper methodically, you will be able to understand the presented research and incorporate it into your own work. [1]

1. Make sure that the paper is a summary paper. The summary paper summarizes the data and conclusions of many other papers and provides you with an overview of a specific topic or field. Usually, you will see the word "review" in the title or abstract of a paper. [2]

A. If you are not familiar with a specific field, a review paper can make you understand it better. A review paper can also help you identify the empirical paper you need to read, or use it as the source of your own work.

2. Determine whether the paper is a narrative review or a systematic review. Narrative reviews are usually easier to read and provide a broad overview of a specific academic field or research field. Systematic review is more detailed, which can evaluate the methods and data of the reviewed papers. [3]

A. The author usually explains the type of review in the title or abstract of the paper. Systematic review is the most common in medical research.

3. Read through the abstract and introduction of the paper. It is a summary of the summary paper, including the questions raised and the answers found by the author. The introduction explains why the author chose to make a summary. [4]

A. After reading the abstract and introduction, if you think this paper has nothing to do with your interest, there is no need to read it again.

4. Critically evaluate the design of the review. A systematic review combines the results of several different studies to produce a more comprehensive understanding of the research field. However, this is only valid if the review includes published and unpublished studies using the same method.

a. In some research fields, the results of published research are different from those of unpublished research. Only the review of published research can not present the whole picture of the research state in this field.

B. Some review papers may consider different types of research, especially in emerging research fields where a lot of research has not been completed.

5. Jump to the result part of the paper. Reading the results first can let you know what to look for when reading the rest of the paper. Once you know the author's conclusion, you can focus on the data in the research that supports this conclusion. [5]

a. The results section should be logically organized and relatively easy for you to follow. It also usually includes a summary of the number of studies of any given type reviewed by the author.

6. Carefully analyze and summarize the methods. For the review papers, the methodology part will discuss how to choose the research content to be included in the review. This includes summarizing the standards used by the authors and the research data sources they searched for. [6]

A. Authors usually discuss the criteria they use to determine whether a study should be included in their review. Think about whether these standards bring some prejudice to the review.

B. Methodology also includes the description of how the author comprehensively summarizes the research results. Through synthesis, this review draws a new (usually broader) conclusion, rather than any single study reviewed. [7]

7. Study the presented synthetic data graph. A systematic review paper uses a chart called "forest plots" to evaluate all the results of all the studies in the review. Once you know how to explain them, you may find that forest maps are easier to read than other statistical maps. [8] < P > A. The horizontal direction is to summarize the analyzed conditions or experimental methods. The vertical axis indicates no effect. On the left side of the axis, the conclusion and effective research will be drawn according to the limit degree of the results. On the right side of the axis, the research that is beneficial to control rather than experiment or intervention is drawn.

B. Through most reviews, you should be able to see at a glance whether most studies support experiments or interventions.

Close study of forest map: In addition to the basic map, the forest map also includes a lot of other information, including the author's name of the reviewed study, the year when each reviewed study was conducted or published, and the number of patients in the experimental group and the control group in each study.

8. Turn over this paper from beginning to end. Now that you have a deep understanding of the survey and its methods, you will be able to better understand the rest of this article. Read actively and take notes while walking. Write down the personal empirical papers contained in the review that you may want to read for yourself. [9]

a. If you see anything you don't understand, please highlight it or write it down. You can look it up online later, or check the science dictionary.

B. Taking notes while reading can help you to paraphrase the information in the paper in your later writing without worrying about copying the original source.

1.↑ petitions/how-to-read-a-scientific-paper

↑ /insights/a-young-researchers-guide-to-a-systematic-review

↑ /insights/ a-young-researchers-guide-to-a-systematic-review

↑ /ndt/article/31/6/897/1751656

↑ /tutorial-read-forest-plot/

9.↑ https:// pdfs.semanticscholar.org/337f/6a3c5cde648ca6d47be3d27778aa86bf89.pdf