Start Chunyi Silk Reeling Company

On September 1th, 1918, Zhang Zuolin was appointed as an inspector in the three northeastern provinces, and his political power continued to expand. Since the issuance of the "one-two-ocean coupon", the wind of bank run has also eased slightly. In November of that year, Liu Shangqing started "Chunyi Silk Reeling Company" in Fengtian Dabeiguan with a ticket of 25, yuan to produce flower plain silk and pure silk. In June, 1919, Sun Liechen, a close confidant of Zhang Zuolin, was appointed as the governor of Heilongjiang Province by the Beijing government. Before taking up his post, Sun Liechen agreed with Zhang Zuolin in Fengtian on the selection of important civil and military officials in Heilongjiang Province: Ding Chao was appointed as the chief of staff of the Military Supervision Department, Yuan Jinkai as the secretary-general, Song Wenyu as the police chief of the province, and Liu Shangqing as the acting finance director, and recruited civil and military officials from Fengfeng to form a new team in Heilongjiang Province. In August, Liu Shangqing resigned from the general office of the official bank of the three northeastern provinces, and Peng Xian temporarily took over his duties. On September 24th, Liu Shangqing was sent to Heilongjiang Province as Acting Finance Director. In 192, he was also the general manager of Hegang Coal Mine Company. On June 5th, he served as the Finance Director of Heilongjiang Province and the General Office of Jilin Yongji Official Bank. In May 1921, he was removed from the post of Director of Finance of Heilongjiang Province.

Returning as the general manager of the official bank of the two eastern provinces

As Zhang Zuolin's political power extends to the whole territory of the three eastern provinces, the more he feels that the harm caused by financial chaos can no longer continue. In order to further consolidate its rule and expand its territory, it is necessary to change the situation that the former rich law is fragmented, so a joint financial institution is established to make finance flexible. Therefore, in January 1922, the Bank of Northeast China was established, with its address in Harbin. In November, Liu Shangqing was appointed as the general manager of the bank. At the beginning of 1924, Liu Shangqing proposed to issue the "one-two-ocean exchange certificate" again, but it was opposed by Yu Chonghan, the head office of the official bank of the three northeastern provinces, and he applied for resignation again. In July, in order to unify the currency system in the three northeastern provinces, the official bank of the three northeastern provinces merged the Bank of the Three Eastern Provinces and the Industrial Bank, and increased its capital by 2 million yuan. Liu Shangqing returned as the general manager of the official bank of the two eastern provinces.

before the second direct service, "Pan Fu had a deep economic relationship with the direct line. When the direct service took control of its finances, it put in some people's influence and secretly controlled everything. After the direct line was defeated in the second direct service war, Pan Fu helped the direct line to win over the important figures of the direct line, such as introducing Liu Shangqing and other powerful figures of the direct line to participate in Dexing Salt Company to preserve the direct line economic strength. " In 1925, Liu Shangqing was appointed as the director of Fengtian Commercial Port Bureau, and in September, he also served as the supervisor of Zhongdong Road.

Governor of Fengtian and Director of Finance

On March 1, 1926, Wang Yongjiang, the governor of Zhang Zuolin Province, resigned and appointed Mo Dehui as the director of finance department, temporarily acting as Governor of Fengtian. On September 23rd, Liu Shangqing resigned as the supervisor of Zhongdong Road, and Yu Chonghan succeeded him. In June, 1927, Zhang Zuolin became the grand marshal of the navy and army, organized the military government and became the last supreme ruler of Beiyang government. Pan Fu was appointed to form a cabinet, and Liu Shangqing became the chief of agriculture, industry and commerce of Pan Cabinet. On October 3, the same year, Zhang Zuolin appointed Liu Shangqing as acting governor of Fengtian, and exchanged positions with Mo Dehui. At this point, Fengtian has a formal governor. Liu Shangqing took the post of governor of Fengtian and director of finance, and then returned to his post.

since Liu shangqing took office, Wang jinghuan, the director of government affairs, resigned, so it is easy to help Liu shangqing manage financial affairs with Guan dingbao. Guan is a native of Liaoyang and was appreciated by Wang Yongjiang in the old days. Liu Shangqing also sent Zhang Zhihan, Li Youlan, Sun Zuchang and Wu Enpei to participate in the provincial office. All of them were so-called celebrities in feng tian at that time, mostly Liu Zhiqiu, a former member of the northeast financial community, who participated in the planning of important politics and decision-making, and they were able to control them with ease. Liu Shangqing was appointed as the governor and finance director. He was ordered by Zhang Zuolin to decline and was in financial crisis, so he practiced his financial skills. First of all, rectify the finance, "buy a large number of local products for cash with non-cash banknotes." It also ordered that private banks be restricted from buying grain in bulk, so as to concentrate on government operations. At the same time, Liu Shangqing also added additional items to the tax items. The most unpopular thing was the establishment of the Bureau of Calculation and Financing, but it failed to work. Finance was once stable, and the ticket was returned to 19 yuan from 27 or 8 yuan.

President of Dongda University

On November 1, 1927, Wang Yongjiang died of illness in his hometown of Jinzhou. According to the example, Liu Shangqing should also be the president of Northeastern University and become the second president of Northeastern University. After Liu Shangqing took over as the president of Dongda University, he replaced Wu Jiaxiang with fellow countryman Feng Guangmin as the general manager of Northeastern University. And the four branches of literature, law, science and engineering were changed to four branches, with Zhou Shouyi (also known as Zhou Tianfang), director of the fourth branch of the provincial office and bachelor of arts studying in the United States, as the dean of the College of Literature; Taking Zang Qifang, manager of Fengtian Branch of Commercial Press and master of law studying in the United States, as the dean of law school; Guo Sun, a doctor of engineering studying in the United States, was appointed as the dean of the School of Science; Gao Xibing is the Dean of Institute of Technology; Yang Wangzhen is still the factory director. Liu Shangqing's school management method is quite different from Wang Yongjiang's, which has caused dissatisfaction among many teachers and students.

Liu Shangqing has been in charge of Northeast finance for many years, which can be described as an expert. At the beginning of his tenure in feng tian, finance and finance once showed a stable trend, and the difference between the foreign exchange and the foreign exchange was more than ten yuan or even twenty yuan. Therefore, further measures were taken to prohibit private banks from emptying their money accounts to buy grain, and strictly ordered all deposits of institutions to be deposited with official bank accounts, while ordering them to be cashed as appropriate. Liu Shangqing is well aware that all these measures are temporary solutions, and if he wants to achieve fundamental financial stability, he is bound to raise a cure for the root cause. The best solution lies in disarmament and reducing military spending!

Planning and arranging military expenditure

Zhang Zuolin is militaristic, and its military expenditure is not fixed, and it is not limited by the budget. dispatch troops has been in existence for more than ten years, and it has no budget at all. Since Liu Shangqing took office as governor, the monthly military expenditure needs about 7.5 million yuan, and the annual military expenditure needs 9 million yuan. This government is nowhere to be found, the monetary system is difficult to maintain, and finance is extremely urgent. In order to tide over the financial crisis, on March 7, 1928, Liu Shangqing "ordered an increase in the tax on land mu, and the premium land increased from one yuan and forty cents to three yuan and sixty cents per mu; In medium land, the per mu is increased from-yuan to 2.4 yuan; The per mu of inferior land has increased from six cents to one yuan and four cents. " Liu Shangqing, based on the ideal of a wealth manager, believes that the military expenditure must be fixed and included in the financial budget, so as to achieve a fundamental financial solution, and if the military expenditure is too large, it will be reduced. So, in mid-March, Liu Shangqing went to Beijing with Peng Xian, the general manager of the official bank, to see Zhang Zuolin, urging that military spending should be reduced and included in the government budget; Also set out to borrow 3 million yuan for financial first aid. Zhang Zuolin was very dissatisfied with Liu Shangqing's move. For this reason, Liu Shangqing waited for 46 days in Beijing. After a fierce dispute, Zhang Zuolin began to reduce the military expenses to 5 million yuan a year. Later, Liu Shangqing negotiated with the Beijing Municipal Government on ways to provide relief tickets, and "decided to' sort out' the tickets with a fund of 25 million yuan. Among them, the three northeastern provinces raised 2 million yuan by themselves and borrowed 5 million from the Bank of China and the Bank of Communications. " Liu Shangqing returned to Feng Jiaoke with Zhang Zuolin's handwritten submission, and everyone was happy for it, thinking that finance finally had a way. On the day when Liu Shangqing returned to the province from Beijing, people from all walks of life knew that the military expenditure had been fixed and the loan had been discussed, and the price was raised to 19 yuan by cashing one yuan in exchange for twenty-six or seven yuan in coupons, so many profiteers closed down.

Liu Shangqing plans to arrange an annual military expenditure of 5 million yuan, first of all, 15 million yuan will be allocated by the feng tian Library; Secondly, 25 million yuan was allocated by the salt transporters in the three northeastern provinces under the salt fund; Once again, Jilin Province allocated 6 million yuan and Heilongjiang Province allocated 4, yuan to make up this number. Although the measures are feasible, however, the military expenditure can not be reduced, and the war is increasing frequently. Official documents are finalized on paper, but empty talk can not bind Zhang Zuolin. Because the military supplies can't be reduced, it is not necessary to raise funds to make up for it. Therefore, a temporary planning and transportation bureau was set up in the three northeastern provinces, with Zhang Zhiliang as the supervisor to raise funds to help the army. There are many ways to raise money, even planting opium and competing for lottery tickets. Thanks to Liu Shangqing's efforts, finance has improved slightly, and the ratio of ticket delivery to foreign exchange has returned from 27 or 8 yuan to 19 yuan. However, due to the worsening situation, coupled with the Japanese railway problem, the problem of Japanese expatriates living together with China residents is too threatening, and it still cannot save the whole decline.

On May 9th, 1928, Zhang Zuolin electrified for peace, but it was hopeless. On June 2nd, he sent out a telegram for going through the customs, indicating that he would withdraw his troops and stop fighting, and retreat to the northeast to protect himself. On the same day, the Governor of Fengtian, Liu Shangqing, sent a secret telegram to all counties along the railway, informing all localities along the railway to take proper precautions in advance. On the evening of June 3rd, Zhang Zuolin quietly left Beijing. On the morning of the 4th, he arrived at Huanggutun Station by bus, where Liu Shangqing and Zhang Jinghui greeted him and explained that the rest of his family and civil and military officials were waiting at Fengtian New Station. After Zhang Zuolin waved to the greeting staff, the bus moved on, and only Zhang Jinghui got on the bus. At 5: 45 in the morning, the shuttle bus to Sandong Bridge at the intersection of Nanman Road and Jingfeng Road was ambushed by the Japanese Kwantung Army. Zhang Zuolin was seriously injured and Wu Junsheng was killed on the spot. Zhang Zuolin was rescued by Wen Shoushan and others and carried to the car of Gendarmerie Commander JiEnMing, and rushed to Shuaifu. Senate President Tibetan Yi and Governor Liu Shangqing greeted him at the second gate of Shuaifu. Zhang Zuolin eventually died because of excessive bleeding and ineffective rescue. Zhang Zuolin's death was completely premeditated by the Japanese, and its real purpose was "not to kill Zhang Zuolin alone". The more insidious intention was to "take advantage of the social disorder caused by the train explosion and Zhang Zuolin's death, immediately send troops to provoke a large-scale armed conflict, and then use force to completely solve the Manchuria problem and establish a puppet regime after occupying Fengtian in one fell swoop." Therefore, after the Huanggutun incident, the Japanese created a series of provocative incidents along Fengtian and Beining Road.

After the car bombing in Huanggutun, people from all walks of life in Northeast China have been talking about it, worrying that there will be a war coming. The authorities in Fengtian have seen through the intrigues of Japanese imperialism, and the leading figures who stayed in Fengtian, governor Liu Shangqing and Senate President Tibetan Yi, did not panic about this sudden incident, but carefully dealt with the sudden misfortune, which made the Japanese military and police unable to find an excuse to find a gap. There was no chaos in Fengtian at that time. Governor Liu Shangqing and Senate President Zang Shiyi discussed and decided to send several Russian engineers from Fengtian Arsenal to investigate the accident site together with local military and political officials. At the same time, Liu Shangqing, Tibetan Yi, etc. pretended that Zhang Zuolin was slightly injured, tightly blocked the news, and did not send out obituaries; On the one hand, Zhang Xueliang rushed back to serve. Although the Japanese Consul General in Fengtian and the consultant in Machino tried their best to visit the sick, they had to look at Zhang Zuolin's injury to find out the truth. Liu Shangqing remained calm and replied: "The guard is in good spirits; Eat and drink milk. " Japanese Matsui, Shigeru Honjō, Araki and others also visited frequently, and Liu Shangqing also answered in this way. "Liu Shangqing hosted a banquet for Japanese dignitaries in the provincial department, and those attending the luncheon, such as Consul General Lin, Consul Uchida, Vice Consul Kono and garrison captain, local affairs minister, and consultant Uehara, had a great time." Liu Shangqing also delivered a speech at the banquet: "I hope that China and Japan will continue to be' friendly' and will not have doubts because of rootless words" to stabilize the Japanese from evil intentions. In the same month, "Liu Shangqing called the Nanjing government, saying that he was willing to change the flag and obey the national government, hoping not to use troops against the three northeastern provinces", and stated the great righteousness in the message, so as to avoid the unpleasant things that brothers fell in love with the wall at this time and let the Japanese benefit. At the critical moment, Liu Shangqing and others had to direct a tragicomedy disguised as a sick bed, which actually fooled the eyes and ears of the Japanese, so that the Japanese Kwantung Army had been unable to figure out the truth of the matter, so it was afraid to forget it easily. After this crisis shocked and properly placed, it was announced that the father died and the son succeeded, and finally passed this crisis.

In the midst of war

Liu Shangqing "speaks and acts in an orderly way and treats people politely. Being the most prudent, he has the advantage of being cautious all his life. It is also known for its shrewdness and insight into the philosophy of being independent. Sometimes it is regarded as being too cautious. Every time it is between reputation and reputation, it is not a few times before it begins. " After the Huanggutun incident, Liu Shangqing was able to cope with the current situation, which was a very witty and proud past.

On June 17th, 1928, Zhang Xueliang returned to Fengtian, and on the 18th, Fengtian announced the death of Zhang Zuolin. On the 2th, Zhang Xueliang became the supervisor of Fengtian, and Liu Shangqing resigned as the governor. On July 4, Zhang Xueliang took office as the security commander-in-chief of the three northeastern provinces. On July 19th, the Northeast Temporary Security Committee was established, and Zhang Xueliang was elected as its chairman, Yuan Jinkai as its deputy, and Zhang Zuoxiang and Liu Shangqing as its members. Northeast Security Committee appointed Zhang Xueliang as the president of Northeastern University, and Liu Shangqing resigned as the president of Northeastern University.

after Zhang Xueliang took charge of the Northeast, he decided to stop fighting and concentrate on building the Northeast. Rectify all aspects. While rectifying the military, we should actively carry out the work of managing and building politics. In order to strengthen unified leadership, the Northeast Security Committee was changed to the Northeast Government Affairs Committee on January 9, 1929, and its members included Zhang Xueliang, Zhang Zuoxiang, Wan Fulin, Mo Dehui and Liu Shangqing. Liu Shangqing was also one of the 11 members of the Northeast Government Affairs Committee appointed by the Nanjing Kuomintang Government.

On December 29th, 1928, the Northeast changed its flag, and Liu Shangqing entered Nanjing National Government as a member on behalf of the Northeast. On January 1th, 1929, there was an amazing internal change in Fengtian, that is, the so-called shooting of Yang Chang. Zhang Zuoxiang, a veteran of Northeast China, was speechless and sighed at this fait accompli bloody case, and finally charged the deceased with "treason", which also had a repressive effect of killing chickens and warning monkeys. For a time, people were worried, such as "the veteran Liu Shangqing was already uneasy and once said that he was in a hurry to go to Tanggangzi for a few days to avoid the front", but there was not much to blame.

in April, 193, the war between Jiang, Yan, Feng and the Central Plains of Guangxi broke out, and Zhang Xueliang, who was holding a heavy army, held a decisive position. Representatives of various factions gathered in Shenyang to woo Zhang Xueliang, who was still undecided. In June, the Northeast Military and Political Committee held a high-level meeting in Shenyang to study how to deal with the current situation. At that time, it was divided into three factions; The faction headed by Zhang Zuoxiang advocates protecting the environment and protecting the people, and does not cooperate with any aspect, especially with Chiang Kai-shek. Liu Shangqing is especially in favor of this faction. The school headed by Wan Fulin advocates listening to Zhang Xueliang's ideas, but I have no independent opinions.

in December p>193, Liu shangqing became the interior minister of Nanjing Kuomintang government, and he was the only northeast person among the ministers at that time. In June 1931, he served as a member of the National Government and the Central Political Conference. In August, he was also a member of the Relief Committee; In September, he also served as a member of the National Economic Council; In December, he was re-elected as a member of the National Government and exempted from the post of Minister of the Interior. "

Liu Shangqing is an important person in Northeast China. He always likes to talk about mining profits, and he is congenial to Zhang's father and son. Zhang Xueliang asked him to run a mine together. Since the Northeast Mining Bureau undertook the Fuzhouwan Coal Mine in Fuxian County, Liu Shangqing took part in it, and served as the nominal chairman of Fuzhouwan Mining Company (Liu was a nominal chairman without investment), and later became one of the important members of the Mining Bureau. Olivia, director of mines, often talks with Liu when he is in trouble. If the Northeast Mining Co., Ltd., which is planned to be established later, can be established, Liu Shangqing will be second only to Zhang Xueliang. After the "September 18th Incident", Zhang Xueliang knew that Hebei's gold reserves were very rich, so he sought Liu Shangqing and Olivia to establish Hebei North Gold Mine Co., Ltd. to mine gold mines. Zhang Xueliang became the chairman of Hebei North Gold Mine Company, and Liu Shangqing was the deputy.

in may p>1933, Liu shangqing was appointed as a member of the Beiping branch of the military commission. In January 1934, after Zhang Xueliang returned to China, he was appointed by Chiang Kai-shek as the deputy commander-in-chief of the "suppression of * * *" in Henan, Hubei and Anhui. Zhang Xueliang immediately summoned the important officials of the Northeast Army in Wuchang, and met with Li Du, Lu Muting, Liu Shangqing and Jing Youyan in Wuchang successively. The content of the conversation was the south reconciliation and training of the Northeast Army.

after the "September 18th Incident", Zhang Xueliang set up another head office in Tianjin in order to sort out the border banking business in the customs. Due to the narrowing of the business scope, the president system was cancelled and changed to the manager system. Chang Luyan was appointed to make Jing Youyan concurrently the supervisor of the border bank, and Wei Xijiu was the manager, taking full responsibility. At that time, the border bank had little money left and its strength was very weak. Wei Xijiu suggested that Zhang Xueliang should raise some service money from the northeast people living in the customs, so in 1936.