However, according to the data of us energy information administration website, from 2007 to 20 1 1 year, the proportion of shale gas production in natural gas production in the United States was 8.07% (in 2007),11.09% (in 2008) and15.
Experts said that the rapid development of shale gas in the United States can not be separated from the support of national policies and advanced development technologies, while China did not have it at least before 20 15.
In the late 1970s, the US government stipulated the tax subsidy policy for unconventional energy development in the Energy Unexpected Profit Act, while Texas has not imposed product tax on shale gas development since the early 1990s. In addition, the United States has also established a special research fund for unconventional oil and gas resources. It can be said that the US government's emphasis on shale gas development has provided a strong impetus for shale gas development. As a new thing of shale gas, favorable policy support will undoubtedly greatly reduce the development cost and stimulate the development of shale gas.
With the rapid increase of shale gas production, the International Energy Agency predicts that by 20 15, the United States will surpass Russia to become the world's largest natural gas producer.
The American energy authorities predict that shale gas will replace coal and become the second largest energy resource in the United States after oil, and may change the energy production pattern in the United States.
By 20 12, the increase of shale gas production has lowered the energy price and become a magic weapon for the revitalization of American manufacturing industry. Airbus Europe and many other large international companies have moved some manufacturing projects to the United States, paying attention to local low energy prices.
In addition, thanks to the "hydraulic fracturing" technology in the shale gas revolution, the output of shale oil (an oil) has also increased rapidly, which has led to a strong rebound in American oil production, leading to the United States becoming a net exporter of refined oil for the first time since 20 1 1. The International Energy Agency believes that by 2020, the United States will become the world's largest producer of crude oil. ConocoPhillips President Ryan Lance said that by the mid-1920s, the United States would no longer need to import oil.
The rapid development of shale gas in the United States has changed the energy consumption structure in the United States, not only reducing the proportion of energy consumption such as coal, but also reducing the dependence of Middle Eastern countries on petroleum energy, which has triggered a shale gas development revolution on a global scale. The Ministry of Land and Resources started the first shale gas exploration project in China on June 5438+ 10, 2009. This indicates that after the United States and Canada, China has officially started the exploration and development of this new energy shale gas resource. It will play a positive demonstration role in China's new energy construction and has a milestone significance in China's oil and gas field. 20 12 On March 20th, Shell signed a product sharing contract with China Petroleum to explore, develop and produce shale gas in Fushun-Yongchuan block of Sichuan Basin in China. The development of shale gas by the two companies is still in the exploration stage and has not yet entered substantive exploitation. 2065438+On September 24th, 2002, the first shale oil and gas productivity construction project in China-8 drilling platforms in Liangping shale oil and gas exploration and development and productivity construction demonstration zone of China Petrochemical Company were fully drilled.
2012165438+1October 13-16 The four-day China International Shale Gas Conference was held in Chongqing, with the theme of "promoting investment and cooperation to promote the commercial development of shale gas industry in China". More than 200 shale gas resource developers, buyers, traders, technical supporters, oilfield service and equipment suppliers, top shale gas industry research experts and government consultants from all over the world attended the meeting. Chongqing Ruibo, ExxonMobil, Mitsubishi, Siemens and many other foreign companies, as well as domestic enterprises such as Sany Heavy Industry, Shandong Energy Group and Huadian Heavy Industry, were also present to look for opportunities to tap potential shale gas equipment projects.
At the meeting, Li Yuxi, a researcher at the Oil and Gas Resources Strategy Research Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources, revealed that a number of policies to support shale gas industrialization are in the pipeline. This series of supporting policies mainly include: first, the market-oriented pricing policy of shale gas, while the utilization mode of shale gas can be more flexible; Second, the supervision system emphasizes first-level management, which is actually divided into second-level and third-level supervision, that is, the supervision system that allows all provinces to participate in management, so that the whole supervision process extends down to shale gas wells; Third, most of the profits and taxes will be left to local governments, which is beneficial to both enterprises and local governments.
Although the industry pays more and more attention to shale gas in China, experts attending the "20 12 China Shale Gas Development Forum" believe that there are still some problems to be solved urgently in the development of shale gas in China, including technical preparation, resource reserve evaluation and policy research and development mode. And they all need to learn from the successful experience of the United States, so don't rush for success.
There are 8 machinery manufacturing companies engaged in the manufacture of oil and gas special equipment in China, including Jerry, Petroleum Jichai, Jiangzuan, Shen Kai, Baode, Harmo Technology, Huibopu and Kyrgyzstan akg. After Li Yuxi revealed the three advantages of shale gas development at the meeting, the eight major machinery and equipment manufacturers were all red.
2012165438+1October 15 At the Fortune CEO Summit Forum held in Beijing, Chinese and foreign energy industry experts jointly discussed the new pattern of the energy world. During this discussion, experts from all sides gradually reached a consensus that shale gas development in China should be promoted and done cautiously. According to experts, the storage depth of shale gas in China is much higher than that in the United States, and the geological complexity is also higher than that in the United States. In addition, most shale gas development areas are densely populated, and the development is very difficult from the technical and social aspects, so it should be promoted cautiously. Because the hydraulic fracturing technology needed to exploit shale gas needs a lot of water resources, most areas with abundant shale gas reserves in China are poor in water resources, and hydraulic fracturing technology may bring groundwater pollution problems. This is also a problem that cannot be ignored.
China will basically complete the national investigation and evaluation of shale gas resource potential, build a number of shale gas exploration and development zones, and initially realize large-scale production, with an annual output of 6.5 billion cubic meters of shale gas.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the key tasks of China's shale gas development include: First, the investigation and evaluation of shale gas resource potential; The second is to carry out scientific and technological research and master the key technologies suitable for shale gas development in China; The third is to build 19 shale gas exploration and development zone in national key areas.
Shale gas in China has entered the stage of large-scale commercial development, and it still needs the support of technology, capital, pipelines, policies and other aspects, but preparations for shale gas development have also been launched one after another. According to the Prospective Report on Exploration, Development and Prospect Analysis of Shale Gas Industry in China, the development of shale gas in China is still 3-5 years away from large-scale commercialization. It is estimated that the shale gas production in China will be around 4 billion cubic meters in 20 15, and will reach 50-70 billion cubic meters in 2020. The market space of related technologies and services brought by shale gas development will reach 42-43 billion yuan in 20 15 years.
The development policy of shale gas industry formulated by the National Energy Administration has been formulated and will be released after approval by relevant departments. At the same time, the bidding management measures for shale gas exploration rights formulated by the Ministry of Land and Resources are also planned to be introduced.
Yang Meng, deputy director of the Petroleum and Natural Gas Department of the National Energy Administration, said that in addition to some basic shale gas resource surveys carried out by the Ministry of Land and Resources, the National Development and Reform Commission or the Energy Administration has also carried out research on the integration of science and technology, research and development centers, equipment and demonstration centers: First, relying on major scientific and technological projects, the state has invested a lot; Second, the shale gas research and development center was established, and a lot of equipment and equipment were invested; The third is the localization of equipment, supporting domestic enterprises to carry out localization experiments; Fourth, relying on demonstration projects, the Energy Bureau has approved three shale gas demonstration zones in Sichuan, Chongqing and northern Shaanxi.
"In the next step, the National Energy Administration will continue to promote scientific and technological research, including demonstration area construction and resource evaluation, on the basis of preliminary work. In addition, we must increase the support and promotion of the government. " Yang Meng said that the shale gas industry policy that has attracted much attention has a text, including issues such as industry access, environmental protection, supervision, and opening up. It has more detailed regulations and is more operable. In addition, there are some fiscal and tax support and land use preferences that will be clear in the plan.
On 20131kloc-0/8, Yantai Jerry Group released a complete set of shale gas fracturing solutions for "small well field and large operation", which successfully realized the on-site on-line testing of the whole set of equipment. This is a special solution for shale gas fracturing under complex geographical conditions, which opens up a new direction for fracturing stimulation and completion equipment of unconventional energy sources such as shale gas in China.
On October 30th, 2065438+031KLOC-0, the National Energy Administration issued the Shale Gas Industry Policy in official website, which further deepened the development status of shale gas and clearly incorporated the development of shale gas into the national strategic emerging industries. This is the strong support of the relevant state departments for the development of shale gas industry following the release of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Shale Gas Development in March 201February and the Notice on Subsidy Policy for Shale Gas Development and Utilization in October 20 165438/KLOC-0. The first round of public bidding for oil and gas exploration rights in China
On June 27th, 20 1 1, the Ministry of Land and Resources held the first round of national public bidding for oil and gas exploration rights, inviting companies such as PetroChina, Sinopec, Yanchang Petroleum, Zhonglian CBM and Henan CBM to bid. There are four blocks of shale gas exploration right sold in the first round of bidding, with an area of about 1. 1.000 square kilometers. The website of the Ministry of Land and Resources announced the bidding results on July 7. Sinopec won the bid for the mining rights of shale gas exploration blocks in Chongqing, Guizhou and Nanchuan, and Henan CBM Company obtained the mining rights of shale gas exploration blocks in Xiushan, Guizhou and Hunan.
Experts predict that there are abundant shale gas resources in the shale strata of the Cambrian Qianzhusi Formation and the Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin. According to preliminary estimation, only these two groups of shale gas resources can be comparable to the total amount of conventional natural gas resources in the whole Sichuan Basin.
At the beginning of 2006, the Oil and Gas Resources Planning Institute of China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute organized experts to investigate shale gas resources in the southwest of Sichuan Basin. After a year's arduous journey and painstaking analysis, experts have not made a comprehensive and accurate estimate of shale gas resources, but they have also brought us exciting news.
According to the volume method, the shale gas resources in China are as high as (26 ~ 3 1) × 10m, which is equivalent to the shale gas reserves in the United States. Among them, the southern, northern, northwestern and Qinghai-Tibet regions of China account for 46.8%, 8.9%, 43% and 1.3% of the total shale gas resources respectively.
The Ministry of Land and Resources held the second round of shale gas bidding
On September 2012 10, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued an announcement in official website, inviting public bidding for transferring shale gas exploration rights to all kinds of social investors. This tender * * * has launched 20 blocks with a total area of 20002km2, which are distributed in 8 provinces (cities) such as Chongqing, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui and Henan.
According to the announcement, all domestic-funded enterprises and Sino-foreign joint ventures registered in People's Republic of China (PRC), with a registered capital of over 300 million yuan, have the qualification of oil, natural gas or natural gas mineral exploration, or have established cooperative relations with qualified enterprises and institutions, can bid.
Development measures
The first is to compile the Strategic Survey of Shale Gas Resources and the Medium-and Long-term Development Plan for Exploration and Development in China. On the basis of careful analysis of the world shale gas exploration and development situation and China's present situation, scientifically evaluate and analyze China's shale gas resource potential, carry out research on the trend prediction of shale gas proven reserves, scientifically plan China's shale gas resource strategic investigation, exploration and development objectives, key points and development stages, clarify the development direction, and compile the strategic investigation and medium-and long-term development plan of shale gas resources.
The second is to formulate policies to encourage strategic investigation and exploration and development of shale gas resources. On the basis of studying the preferential policies of shale gas development in the United States and other countries, combined with the reality in China and referring to the preferential policies of coalbed methane exploration and development in China, the preferential policies of shale gas exploration and development are given. The state finance has increased investment in the strategic investigation of shale gas resources and encouraged social funds to invest in shale gas; Reduce or exempt shale gas exploration rights and mining rights; The value-added tax of shale gas mining enterprises is levied first and then refunded, and the enterprise income tax is preferential; Key equipment for shale gas development is exempt from import value-added tax and customs duties; Give fixed subsidies to shale gas exploitation; Give preferential treatment to the research and development, popularization and application of key technologies, and guide and promote the industrialization of shale gas.
The third is to improve and innovate the management system of shale gas mining rights. According to the characteristics of wide distribution of shale gas and strong flexibility in exploration and development, the setting system of shale gas mining rights in China is deeply studied. Learn from the management experience of coalbed methane mining rights, set up a special shale gas block registration system, and implement national first-level management. Qualified local enterprises and private capital are allowed to participate in shale gas exploration and development through joint ventures and equity participation, or they can invest independently and directly engage in shale gas exploration and development.
The fourth is to speed up the formulation of shale gas technical standards and specifications. Strengthen government guidance, rely on the strategic investigation of shale gas resources and the implementation of major projects in the pilot experimental area for exploration and development, accelerate the construction of technical standards and norms for shale gas resources investigation and exploration and development, and promote the enjoyment and standardized management of information materials.
In addition, we should pay close attention to the development trend of shale gas in the world and establish and improve the international cooperation and exchange mechanism of shale gas. Strengthen cooperative development with powerful foreign companies, introduce advanced concepts and development technologies, explore and innovate core technologies suitable for China's shale gas development by introducing digestion shale gas development technologies, and lay a technical foundation for China's large-scale shale gas development.
Subsidy standard
The Notice on Printing and Distributing the Subsidy Policy for Shale Gas Development and Utilization issued by the Ministry of Finance and the National Energy Administration indicates that the central government will subsidize shale gas mining enterprises from 20 12 to 20 15, and the subsidy funds will be determined according to the amount of shale gas development and utilization and subsidy standards of enterprises. The subsidy standard from 20 12 to 20 15 is 0.4 yuan/m3, and the specific standard will be discussed later. In addition, the Ministry of Finance also stipulates that local finance can give appropriate subsidies according to local conditions, and the specific standards and subsidy methods are determined by local governments.
Shale gas definition standard and subsidy conditions
The specific definition criteria are:
(1) occurs in source rocks. High organic matter content (TOC >); 1.0%), and the adsorption gas content is more than 20%.
(2) Interlayer and thickness. The grain size of interlayer is below siltstone (including siltstone) or carbonate rock, and the thickness of single layer does not exceed1m.
(3) Interlayer ratio. The total thickness of interlayer of gas well target layer shall not exceed 20% of gas well target layer.
The Ministry of Finance stipulates that enterprises must meet the following conditions to obtain subsidies:
First, shale gas that has been developed and utilized;
Second, the enterprise has installed metering equipment that can accurately measure the development and utilization of shale gas, and can accurately provide the development and utilization of shale gas.
Energy Bureau: Detailed rules for shale gas industrialization are to be issued.
It is understood that the National Energy Administration is working with relevant departments to study and formulate shale gas industry policies and make specific provisions for promoting shale gas industrialization and market-oriented development. Insiders said that the New Deal should introduce effective measures in overcoming the obstacles of monopoly system, implementing safety and environmental protection requirements, and formulating market-oriented pricing mechanisms.
According to Yang Qing, director of the Comprehensive Department of Oil and Gas Department of the National Energy Administration, the shale gas industry policy will follow the general idea of the Shale Gas Development Plan (20 1 15) and introduce some specific provisions to promote the industrialization and marketization of shale gas.
Shale gas speculation tends to be rational
A few days ago, the central government explicitly gave shale gas mining enterprises a subsidy of 20 12-20 15 per cubic meter, and the prospects of the domestic shale gas industry were highly anticipated. Peng Xiaoying said that the exploration and exploitation of shale gas first benefited the equipment manufacturers related to exploration and exploitation. Each production stage corresponds to relevant professional equipment, such as seismic software and geophysical prospecting equipment in exploration stage, cementing truck, pumping and casing in cementing stage, fracturing truck, sand mixer, manifold truck, instrument truck, coiled tubing and other special equipment in fracturing and acidizing stage. Regarding the development process of this industry, Peng Xiaoying thinks that shale gas exploitation in China will not be comparable to that in the United States in the next five years to 10, and there is a big gap in technical strength and capital. To catch up in the future, we need national strategy as the leading driving force.
Publicity of bidding results of prospecting right transfer
20 1212 On February 6th, the website of the Ministry of Land and Resources publicized the result of "2012 shale gas exploration right transfer bidding". The publicity list listed the top three candidates for winning the bid in the 19 shale gas block, and 57 enterprises including Huadian Group, Shenhua Group and Zhongtian Chengtou were shortlisted.
According to the Bidding Document of Shale Gas Exploration Right Bidding Project, the winning candidate enterprise with the first score in the publicity list is the winning enterprise. If the bid-winning candidate enterprise voluntarily gives up, or the bid-winning enterprise fails to submit the exploration undertaking in time and is disqualified according to relevant laws and regulations, the tenderer will determine other bid-winning candidate enterprises in turn according to the list of bid-winning candidate enterprises.
Among these enterprises, except Huadian Group, China Coal Group, Shenhua Energy, National Development and Investment Corporation and other large state-owned enterprises; It also includes Zhongtian Chengtou, an enterprise whose main business is real estate; And provincial energy investment companies or provincial geological system enterprises.
It is worth mentioning that in the publicity list, Sinopec, CNOOC, Yanchang Petroleum and other major oil and gas giants are all on the list. China Petroleum Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd. only won the third place in the bidding for Sangzhi shale gas block in Hunan. According to the bidding regulations, PetroChina is also likely to miss the exploration right of this block.