Fund holders refer to natural persons and legal persons who hold fund shares or fund shares, that is, investors of funds and holders of fund beneficiary certificates. As the beneficiary of the fund, the fund holder enjoys all the rights and interests of the fund assets. Fund manager (fund management company) refers to an organization that makes investment decisions according to laws and regulations, fund articles of association or fund contracts, with the help of professional knowledge and experience, and in accordance with the principle of scientific portfolio, so as to continuously increase the value of the managed fund assets and enable fund holders to obtain as much income as possible. Fund custodian is an institution that supervises fund managers and keeps fund assets according to the principle of "separation of management and maintenance" in fund operation.