If the stairs have been closed or the fire is quite fierce, leave the dangerous room and take refuge in the balcony, toilet, bathroom and other places far away from the fire source. When you leave the room, you should close the doors and windows behind you in time, which can delay the pursuit of the fire and win more escape time.
If you can't leave the room, you should first open the window to exhaust indoor smoke. If there is a fire outside, close the doors and windows quickly, pull down the curtains and cut off the spread of the fire. If possible, water the doors and windows to delay the spread of the fire.
If life is seriously threatened and there is no other way to save yourself, you can use ropes or clothes, belts, sheets, curtains, quilts, etc. Tear them into strips and connect them into lifelines. When you slide down to the floor below where there is no fire, you can break through the window and enter. You can also use the downpipe and lightning rod on the outer wall of the building to descend to the ground or under the fire floor to escape. The above methods are not suitable for young, old, sick or disabled people.
If people living on the second floor have no way to save themselves, and time is tight, and they are seriously threatened by fireworks, they can throw quilts and other things on the ground first, and then climb up the windowsill with their hands and slide down, so as to reduce the height of jumping off the building, try to land with their feet first and reduce the degree of injury. It must be pointed out that according to the data, people who jump at a height above 10 meters have little hope of survival. So, in case of fire, don't jump off the building easily.
It is best to live on the lower floor when staying out. When staying upstairs, you should first check the exits, passages, safety signs, water sources and fire-fighting equipment in the building. , and carefully read the accommodation guide provided by the hotel. In case of fire, you should think calmly before deciding to escape. When you escape, you should try your best to escape from the "sea of fire", and you should not squat down or get under the bed and hide in the closet for fear of death from smoke poisoning; Don't run blindly with everyone, people are crowded and casualties often occur; High-rise buildings should not run upstairs unless absolutely necessary, because the fire mainly spreads upward and the speed is very fast, and the upward diffusion speed of smoke is several times faster than the horizontal flow speed to prevent it from going to a dead end; After the fire, you can't use the ordinary elevator to escape, because the power supply of the elevator may be interrupted or cut off at any time due to combustion. Once the clothes on your body are ignited by fire, you should take them off quickly, or roll on the ground to crush the fire, and you can't run with the fire; After escaping from the fire, never return to the fire, no matter what things are left indoors. If there are people or things that must be saved, ask the firemen for help.
Every time you come to a place, whether you live temporarily or for a long time, you should know something about the building structure and fire control facilities: how many evacuation passages are opened in the building, the location of stairs, whether there are outdoor evacuation stairs, the location of refuge floors (rooms) in super high-rise buildings, etc.
The passage that people can evacuate in case of fire usually includes three parts: the first part is the horizontal section from the room to the entrance of the stairwell, that is, the walkway; The second part is the vertical section of the stairwell; The third part is the horizontal section from the stairwell exit to the bottom outer door. For those who escape, the greatest danger lies in the first part and the second part. If the corridor is full of smoke, people should bend over or crawl forward, cover their nose and mouth with wet towels, and cover their bodies with wet sheets or clothes to reduce the harm of smoke and high temperature. If the stairwell is also full of smoke, it should be treated differently according to the situation: in China, the ground floor or multi-storey buildings adopt open stairwells. When a fire breaks out, smoke reaches the stairwell unimpeded, and quickly spreads upward through the stairwell, resulting in smoke before the fire, but people are killed by smoke, so the harm of smoke entering the vertical channel is more serious than that entering the horizontal channel. At this time, people can escape by other means, such as tearing curtains or sheets into a rope and escaping along the outer wall of the building along the rope; The ground sliding along the iron pipe of the external wall; Block the door with wet cloth, open the window for help and wait for rescue; When the floor is low and the situation is critical, it is also possible to jump down from the upstairs. However, when you know that there is no other way to escape, such as there is an anti-theft net outside the window of a building and you can't escape from the window, you should take advantage of the small fire and rush outdoors through the stairs as soon as possible. High-rise building, stairwell closed, smoke prevention. The enclosed stairwell has certain smoke prevention ability, and the smoke prevention stairwell has good smoke prevention ability, both of which create preconditions for evacuation. Especially the latter, once people in high-rise buildings enter the smoke-proof stairwell, their lives are guaranteed. However, how long the smoke-proof stairwell can ensure safe evacuation depends on the fire, so they should evacuate to the outside as soon as possible after entering the smoke-proof stairwell. In the process of escape, we should pay attention to finding safe passage signs to avoid running blindly. In the process of escape, it is important to pay attention to overcome the following mistakes:
1, ran away at the next block.
When the building is on fire, it is the choice of a considerable number of people trapped on the upper floor to escape. When fireworks invade the stairwell, the "smoke effect" will make the smoke spread rapidly upward, causing people to faint and even die.
2. Habit replaces judgment
In the fire, many people lack a cool head and often habitually run around without any judgment. First, people evacuate to the action route of daily life, unless the road has been blocked by fire, they have to find other exits, which mainly appears in people who live in buildings for a long time; Second, for the temporary residents of the building, because they are not familiar with the whole building, especially the evacuation route, once there is a fire, there will be a phenomenon of "going back to the original road", that is, looking for a passage when entering. These habits often lead people into danger zones.
3. Subconsciously exaggerate or avoid danger
When the fire signal comes, if the fire danger is exaggerated by subjective imagination, it will easily cause panic, make people lose their minds, have no choice about the evacuation route, and even jump from dozens of high-rise buildings; On the other hand, if you don't know enough about the danger or turn a blind eye and deliberately avoid it, it will consume valuable evacuation time. Such people usually stay still or hide in the corner to pray.
Step 4 follow the crowd
This is determined by people's mobility and imitation. In case of fire, many people tend to rely on the judgment of others and think that many people's decisions are correct, especially women and children, which leads to the phenomenon of "swarming", causing chaos and uncontrollable situation and reducing the probability of safe evacuation.
Step 5 avoid the dark
People will feel insecure about the darkness, and it is a common choice for ordinary people to evacuate to the light. When people find themselves inferior or in the disaster area, and then look back for other exits, precious evacuation time is running out.
There are many ways to save yourself, and the ways to use them vary from person to person and from time to place. In a fire, we can choose the best way to realize self-help and escape by avoiding the misunderstanding of behavior and using the escape skills reasonably. The two aspects complement each other and are indispensable.