When coastal residents encounter extreme weather such as tropical storms, typhoons and tsunamis, mangroves can protect residents' lives and property from the wind, so mangroves are called "Coast Guard". How to protect our mangroves? Not only the Coast Guard, but also mangroves provide habitats for countless creatures. They are one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world and are rich in biodiversity resources.
There are 1 10 species of macrobenthos, 104 species of birds and 133 species of insects in the mangrove area of Shankou, Guangxi. Because it grows in subtropical and temperate zones and is rich in bird food resources, mangroves can help migratory birds spend the winter as a relay station for migration, and are also an ideal paradise for all kinds of seabirds to feed and breed. How to protect our mangroves? Mangroves are also "natural water purifiers that money can't buy". There is almost no red tide in the sea area where mangroves exist. According to experts from China Academy of Forestry, mangroves absorb nitrogen 150 ~ 250kg and phosphorus 15 ~ 20kg per hectare every year, which plays a role in purifying water bodies.
In addition, there are more mangroves than any forest system we are familiar with (including tropical rainforests). The carbon dioxide emitted by our human production and life has become thick sediments in mangroves. Human activities have intensified and deteriorated. However, in 1950s, there were nearly 50,000 hectares of mangroves in China, 200 1 year, leaving only 22,000 hectares and 33.54 million hectares. We have lost more than half of the mangroves. The condition of natural mangroves is in jeopardy. The ecological services provided by mangrove ecosystem for human beings are also gradually deteriorating.
On the other hand, due to the increase of extreme weather caused by climate change, mangroves scattered on the beach lost their former glory and could not act as a mainstay in front of typhoons as before, and the storm knocked down lonely mangroves. On the other hand, the ground lacks silt consolidated by advanced roots, the seawater is eroded, the beach area is reduced, and the water quality in the estuary is blurred. Soil erosion, bare mangrove roots and healthy degradation of mangrove snow dragon all stem from the impact of human activities on mangroves.
The roaring waves of more and more yachts disturb the natural tidal distribution law in the intertidal zone and aggravate the growth and health of mangroves. The act of reclaiming land and turning mangrove areas into fish ponds. Sometimes poor mangroves are uprooted because of artificial dredging, coastal construction and other projects.
In addition, pests and diseases and alien invasive species violently attack mangroves. In other words, due to the influence of human activities, healthy and degraded mangroves can't stop the spread of pests and diseases. Exotic invasive species such as luxury grass compete with fertility, exclusiveness, mangroves and nutrients for sunlight, which destroys the existing mangrove ecosystem in the local area. Natural and man-made disasters make mangroves breathe in the corner. Repair mangroves?
This is where Jiulong River enters Haikou. Jiulong River is the second largest river in Fujian Province, which flows from Zhangzhou through Xiamen Port and into the Taiwan Province Strait. This area is a provincial mangrove nature reserve in Longhai Jiulong River Estuary, which was established in 1988. The main protection object here is mangrove ecosystem. Xue Zhiyong is the stationmaster of Fugong Forestry Workstation of Longcheng Forestry Bureau. His first task is to protect this mangrove forest.
Xueyuan is Longcheng City, Fujian Province. 30 years 1990 came to fugonglin station. Xueyuan witnessed the changes of mangrove forests at the mouth of Jiulong River. There were 3,000 mu of mangroves when I first arrived at Fugong Nature Reserve. With the gradual disappearance of mangroves, it was less than 1.200 mu. Affected by sand mining and yacht transportation in Jiulong River estuary, coastal coal eroded and collapsed, and peripheral mangroves collapsed. The lease period was reduced from 50 meters at the end of last century to less than 30 meters, and some coastal mangroves completely disappeared.
Marine drifting garbage pollution and luxury grass invasion further affected the natural regeneration and growth of coastal mangroves, resulting in ecological degradation of mangrove wetlands. The loss and degradation of mangroves weaken the function of mangroves in protecting coastal ecological security. Not only the Jiulong River Estuary, but also mangroves all over the country are facing the same tragic situation. As mentioned above, coastal residents have paid a heavy price for the disappearance of mangroves. The ability of natural dikes in estuaries to resist wind and waves is greatly weakened, and the safety of life and property of surrounding residents can not be guaranteed.
Xixi, Beixi and Nanxi, the three main streams in the upper reaches of Jiulong River, meet into the sea in this section, and the water flows rapidly. When the perennial north wind and the annual typhoon are combined, dike incidents often occur. What impressed me most about the length of the snowy area was the typhoon 1999. Due to the typhoon, Haimen near Fugong also burst its banks and the whole village was flooded. Tens of thousands of acres of fields in the levee were flooded, causing soil erosion and rising salt, which seriously affected the normal life of local residents. How to protect our mangroves? Photo: Protecting workers from planting and restoring mangroves Xue Zhiyong.
15 yuan = 1 square meter of love guardian
It is worth noting that with the government of China gradually attaching importance to the protection and restoration of mangroves, the area of mangroves has increased to 29,000 hectares by 20 19. In August 2020, the Ministry of Natural Resources and the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau issued the Special Action Plan for Mangrove Protection and Restoration (2020-2025) to encourage social funds to invest in mangrove protection and restoration. On September 13, 2020, the Third Institute of Oceanography of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Beijing Entrepreneur Environmental Protection Foundation jointly launched the mangrove ecological restoration public welfare undertaking "Redwood Coast Guard Restoration" in Jiulong River Estuary, Fujian Province.
The project was implemented by the Deputy Palace Forestry Workstation of Longhai Forestry Bureau. With the donation of Tencent charity enthusiasts and the support of Alashan Fujian Project Center, the project will restore more than 15 mu of mangroves eroded by the coastline, promote Fugong shelter, and cooperate with non-profit organizations to raise mangrove protection funds online.
The cooperation between Ocean III and Beijing Entrepreneur Environmental Protection Foundation has attracted more social enterprises to participate. At the same time, another project-land restoration project 3354 "Blue Ocean Action" was launched. Shell Public Welfare supports the restoration of more than 40 acres of mangrove forests in Jiulong River Estuary in the form of pledge, which improves the carbon sink function of wetlands.
So far, the mangroves restored at Fugong Station are far from the 3,000 mu natural mangroves in the 1990s, and every square meter of beach can not be ignored. To repair 1㎡ photoelastic, just donate a red sapling: 15 won = 1㎡. The public welfare project of mangrove ecological restoration "Restoring Mangroves and Founding Coast Guardian" not only supports the planting and planting of mangrove saplings, but also supports the ecological obedience of indigenous mangroves in mangrove wetland areas in autumn. It also includes health management in front of mangroves.
Xueyuan will lead the protection personnel to clear the exotic species and floating garbage in the mangrove area, and carry out post-maintenance on the mudflat where mangrove seedlings grow poorly to ensure the smooth forest formation of seedlings. In the future, the project will require caring netizens to participate in offline mangrove restoration volunteers, and work with local forestry messengers in mangrove wetland areas to replenish seedlings, promote the indigenous ecological balance of coastal wetlands and maintain biodiversity.