Overview: The establishment and reform of China's new social pension insurance system has gone through a process of more than ten years. After years of exploration and practice, a financing model of "combining social pooling and personal accounts" has gradually been formed in the management of funds.

A multi-level pension insurance system has been established.

However, my country's pension insurance is currently facing more and more severe challenges. The accelerating aging of the population, narrow coverage, low level of coordination, hidden debts and personal empty accounts have made the existing pension insurance system unable to meet its needs; and The traditional functions of "family pension and land security" in rural areas have been gradually degraded. The new rural pension insurance has just begun to be piloted, and the task is arduous.

Therefore, based on my country's actual situation, it is a core issue in social security that needs to be solved urgently to analyze the difficult problems that have arisen in the practice of my country's current social pension insurance, and then propose corresponding reform and improvement countermeasures.

Development History my country's pension insurance started with the "Labor Insurance Regulations of the People's Republic of China" promulgated by the Government Affairs Council on February 26, 1951. It has experienced ups and downs for decades, and its development can be summarized into four stages: 1951 -1965 was the creation stage of the pension insurance system.

This stage is marked by the "Labor Insurance Regulations of the People's Republic of China" promulgated by the Government Affairs Council. The main task is to establish a national unified pension insurance system and gradually move toward formalization and institutionalization.

The period from 1966 to 1976 was a period of serious destruction of the pension insurance system.

At that time, China's social insurance industry suffered serious damage like the national socio-economic culture. The social insurance fund coordination and adjustment system was stopped, and all relevant burdens were borne by each enterprise. Social insurance became enterprise insurance, and the normal retirement system was interrupted.

The period from 1977 to 1992 was the restoration and adjustment stage of the pension insurance system.

After the ten years of turmoil, our country adopted a gradual approach to adjust pension insurance, restored the normal retirement system, adjusted the calculation method of pension benefits, and implemented a retirement fee pooling system in some areas.

The period from 1993 to now is the stage of innovation and reform of the pension insurance system.

This stage mainly involves the creation of a pension insurance model that combines social pooling and personal accounts that adapts to China's national conditions and has Chinese characteristics, changes the method of calculating pensions, establishes a basic pension growth mechanism and implements the socialized payment of basic pensions. Finally, my country's multi-level pension insurance system has been basically established.

Institutional Structure Pension insurance is the basic part and main link of the social security system and the main content of social insurance.

The social pension insurance system is that part of the pension insurance system that is managed and provided by the government. It is also called the basic pension insurance system or the public pension insurance system. It has the characteristics of compulsory, mutual aid and universality.

China's current social pension insurance system can be divided into three parts according to population type: urban enterprise employee pension insurance, government agency pension insurance and rural pension insurance.

China's original social pension insurance system was the urban pension insurance system.

The pension insurance system for employees of state agencies and institutions was separated from the pension insurance system for urban employees. Later, it went through a process of merger and separation in the process of system reform.

Pension insurance system for urban enterprise employees The pension insurance system for urban enterprise employees has experienced three stages: initial establishment (1950-1966), destruction during the "Cultural Revolution" and recovery after the "Cultural Revolution" (1966-1986), and reform and improvement (1986 to present).

stage.

The social pension insurance system in the initial establishment stage has the following characteristics: (1) It has a clear legal basis; (2) It is a completely pay-as-you-go system; (3) Enterprises pay, but individual employees do not; (4) Enterprises implement

Nationally coordinated insurance rates; (5) Policy formulation, supervision and implementation are undertaken by different departments.

The Ministry of Labor is responsible for policy formulation and supervision, and the labor union system is responsible for specific insurance handling. The two supervise each other and check and balance each other [1].

However, this system also has obvious problems: (1) The scope of coverage is narrow, that is, it is limited to formal employees of urban state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises and employees of government agencies and institutions.

(2) Insurance conditions are divided according to positions.

The characteristics of the planned economy enable people to enjoy corresponding protection once they enter specific positions.

(3) The insurance system has a single level and all responsibilities are borne by the government.

And under the pay-as-you-go system model, there is basically no accumulated funds.

During the "Cultural Revolution", China's social pension insurance system was severely damaged.

After the end of the "Cultural Revolution", the pension insurance system was gradually restored.

The characteristics of the system at this stage are: (1) The unit becomes the protagonist in raising and distributing pension insurance funds, and the enterprise fully assumes the original responsibilities of the Ministry of Labor and the labor union, and the supervision and checks and balances in the system no longer exist; (2) Pay-as-you-go is still implemented

Pay-as-you-go model[1].

The main existing problems are: (1) Narrow coverage.

After the reform and opening up, various economic forms have emerged in China, but the basic pension insurance system is still mainly concentrated in state-owned enterprises; (2) Enterprises fully bear the social pension insurance, and the burden is uneven among new and old enterprises; (3) The basic pension is calculated and paid

The method cannot meet the requirements of wage system reform.