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Life Introduction
Related Works
24-Hawking Paradox and Conservation of Information
Hawking's interesting stories
Hawking's life
Relationship with his wife
Winning an award
Hawking's famous words
Public speech
Post-reaction
List of works
Papers
.
does naked singularity exist?
will the message disappear in the black hole?
Hawking's viewpoint
Note: What is information? Information conservation?
what is time? The nature of time?
What is the four-dimensional quantum mechanics on the film
The latest progress of Hawking's quantum mechanics
A brief introduction to Hawking and China
Related works
24-Hawking paradox and information conservation
Hawking's interesting story
Hawking's life
Relationship with his wife
Winning an award
Hawking's famous words
Post-speech feeling. Does naked singularity exist? Will the message disappear in the black hole? Hawking's point of view Note: What is information? Information conservation? What is time? The nature of time? What is the four-dimensional quantum mechanics on the film? Hawking's latest progress in quantum mechanics
[ Edit this paragraph] Life introduction of Hawking and China
Stephen William Hawking (January 8, 1942-) was born in Oxford, England on January 8, 1942 [1]. He graduated from Oxford University and Cambridge University successively, and received a doctorate in philosophy from Cambridge University. The reason why he has been in a wheelchair for 39 years is that at the age of 22, he unfortunately suffered from Lugar's disease, which can make his muscles atrophy. The speech and question and answer can only be completed by a speech synthesizer. Professor of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Cambridge University, England, the most important contemporary general relativity and cosmologist, is one of the great men with international reputation in this century, and is known as the greatest scientist in the world, and also known as the "king of the universe". Born in Oxford, England on January 8, 1942, Hawking happened to be born on the 3th anniversary of Galileo's death. In the 197s, he and Penrose proved the famous singularity theorem, for which they won the Wolff Prize for Physics in 1988. He is therefore known as the most famous scientific thinker and the most outstanding theoretical physicist in the world after Einstein. He also proved the area theorem of black holes, that is, the area of black holes does not decrease with the increase of time. This naturally makes people associate the area of a black hole with the entropy of thermodynamics. In 1973, considering the quantum effect near the black hole, he found that the black hole would emit radiation like a blackbody, and the temperature of the radiation was inversely proportional to the mass of the black hole, so that the black hole would gradually become smaller because of the radiation, but the temperature became higher and higher, and it ended in the last minute explosion. The discovery of black hole radiation is of great significance, which unifies gravity, quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics.
after 1974, his research turned to the theory of quantum gravity. Although people haven't got a successful theory, some of its characteristics have been discovered. For example, space-time is not flat on the Planck scale (1-33 cm), but in a bubble state. There is no pure state in quantum gravity, and the causality is destroyed, so the unknowability is raised from classical statistical physics and quantum statistical physics to the third level of quantum gravity.
after 198, his interest turned to quantum cosmology.
In July 24, Hawking revised his original viewpoint of "black hole paradox", and information should be conserved.
The subtitle of this book is from the Big Bang to the Black Hole. Hawking believes that the contribution of his life is that in the framework of classical physics, it proves the inevitability of black holes and big bang singularities, and black holes are getting bigger and bigger; However, in the framework of quantum physics, he pointed out that black holes became smaller and smaller due to radiation, and the singularity of the Big Bang was not only smoothed out by quantum effects, but also the whole universe started here.
the details of theoretical physics will change in the next 2 years, but as far as the concept is concerned, it is quite complete now.
Hawking's life is very legendary. He is one of the most outstanding scientists in history in terms of scientific achievements. His contribution was made when he was confined to a wheelchair by Lugar's disease for 2 years, which is truly unprecedented. Because his contribution has a far-reaching impact on the concept of human beings, there have been many descriptions in the media about how he struggled with total paralysis. So, God is fair to everyone. He has physical defects, but his mind is very clever! Nevertheless, the scene when one of the translators (Wu Zhongchao) first met him in 1979 is still vivid. It was the first time I attended the seminar of Hawking's group on general relativity in Cambridge. After the door was opened, a very weak electric sound suddenly sounded behind my head. Looking back, I saw a scrawny man reclining in an electric wheelchair, driving the electric switch himself. The translator tries to be polite without being too surprised, but he is used to being surprised by the degree of disability of people who meet him for the first time. It takes him a lot of effort to hold his head up. Before he lost his voice, he could only talk in a very weak deformed language, which could only be understood after working and living with him for several months. He can't write, reading must rely on a machine that turns pages. When reading literature, he must have each page spread out on a big desk, and then he drives a wheelchair to read page by page like a silkworm eating mulberry leaves. People have to pay deep respect to the soul of human beings who pursue the ultimate truth with such a strong will. From his help to the translator's private affairs, we can realize that he is a human being. Every day, he has to drive a wheelchair from his home, No.5 Cambridge West Road, through the beautiful Jianhe River and the ancient King's College to the office of the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics in Silver Street. The department specially built a slope for the convenience of his wheelchair.
One of the translators of this book was taught by Huo Jinda for four years, and completed his doctoral thesis under his guidance. This book was translated into Chinese at the request of Hawking, so that one fifth of the human population could understand his theory.
He also proved the area theorem of black holes. In Cambridge University, which is rich in academic tradition, his position is the most lofty professorship in the history of Cambridge University, and that is the Lucason professor of mathematics who was once held by Newton and Dirac. He holds several honorary degrees and is a member of the Royal Society. In the public evaluation, he is regarded as one of the most outstanding theoretical physicists after Albert Einstein. He proposed that BIGBANG started from the singularity, and the black hole would eventually evaporate from this moment, which was an important step in unifying the two basic theories of physics in the 2th century-Einstein's theory of relativity and Planck's quantum theory.
He was confined to a wheelchair for 4 years because of "gradual freezing" (Lugar's disease of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). However, he remained physically and mentally disabled and turned it into an advantage, overcoming his disability and becoming a supernova in the international physics community. He can't write or even slur his words, but he transcends the theories of relativity, quantum mechanics and the Big Bang and enters the "geometric dance" to create the universe. Although he was so helpless in a wheelchair, his thoughts traveled brilliantly to the vast space-time and solved the mystery of the universe.
Hawking's charm lies not only in his legendary physical genius, but also in his convincing life strength. His scientific spirit of constant pursuit and his brave and tenacious personality strength deeply attracted everyone who knew him. Suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, he is almost paralyzed and unable to pronounce, but he still published A Brief History of Time in 1988, and has sold more than 1 million copies so far, becoming one of the best-selling popular science works in the world.
He is known as "the greatest scientist alive", "another Einstein", "an out-and-out strong man in life" and "a man who dares to challenge his fate".
[ Edit this paragraph] Related works
As the undisputed authority of cosmology, Hawking's research achievements and life have always attracted readers. The sequel to A Brief History of Time is compiled for readers who want to know more about Professor Hawking's life and his theory. In the form of wise and sincere personal interviews, this book describes the life course and research work of Professor Hawking's A Brief History of Time, and shows the true humanity behind the huge theoretical framework. This book is not an ordinary oral history, but a very touching and charming portrait and description of one of the greatest minds of mankind in the twentieth century. For non-professional readers, this book is undoubtedly beyond their understanding after racking their brains, and can only be read as science fiction. Hawking's Lectures-Black Holes, baby universes and Others is a collection of 13 articles and speeches written by Hawking from 1976 to 1992. This paper discusses the virtual space, the birth of baby universes caused by black holes, and the efforts of scientists to seek a completely unified theory, and makes original opinions on free will, life value, people's living style and evolution principle.
The Nature of Time and Space 8 years ago, the general theory of relativity was expressed in a complete mathematical form, and the basic principle of quantum (which he personally thinks is only the smallest unit of theoretical physics at present) theory also appeared 7 years ago. However, can these two most accurate and successful theories in the whole physics be unified in a single quantum gravity? The two most famous physicists in the world launched an extreme and extreme debate on this issue. This book is based on six speeches and final debates given by Hawking and Penrose at Cambridge University.
The Charm of the Future begins with stephen william hawking's prediction of the future of the universe in one billion years, and ends with Don Kubit's understanding of the final trial. It introduces the development of prediction and the methods we use to predict the future today. The text of the book is easy to understand, and the author explains his own views and answers some interesting questions.
The Universe in the Shell is Professor Hawking's most important work after A Brief History of Time. In this book, Professor Hawking once again brings us to the forefront of theoretical physics. In Professor Hawking's world, truth and fantasy are sometimes just a thin line. Professor Hawking's explanation in popular language reminds us to fully imagine the universe, and with his unique enthusiasm, invites us to launch an extraordinary journey of time and space together. A Brief History of Time-From the Big Bang to the Black Hole (written in 1988) is Hawking's masterpiece. The author's imagination is rich, his ideas are wonderful, his language is beautiful, and his words are meticulous, which makes people even more surprised. Beyond the "world", the changes in the future are so magical and wonderful. This book has a cumulative circulation of 25 million copies and has been translated into nearly 4 languages.
In this book, Hawking will try to outline the history of the universe in our mind-from the Big Bang to the black hole, and organically combine various religious theories. In the first lecture, he will briefly review the past ideas about the universe and explain how we got the current image. This may be called the history of the universe.
The second lecture will explain why Newton and Einstein's two theories of gravity lead to the conclusion that the universe cannot be absolutely static, and it has to either expand or contract. This in turn means that between the first 2 billion years and the first 1 billion years, there must be a moment when the density of the universe is infinite or out of a certain space, which produces the so-called Big Bang. It is probably the beginning of the universe.
the third lecture will talk about black holes. A black hole is formed when a giant planet, or a larger celestial body, is attracted by its own gravity and collapses (collapses and contracts) (another guess: a black hole is separated from an element in a collection space). Based on the perceptual philosophy theory, "everything will go from one extreme to the other under the baptism of time and space", which may be the cause of the white hole. According to Einstein's general and special relativity, there may be countless black (white) holes in the universe (or maybe the world we live in is a branch of black (white) holes). And their history may be the end of a certain field, or it may just be a new beginning, because the more you know, the more you find that what you know is just the tip of the iceberg. The broad (narrow) sense of relativity is a classical theory (because there is no absolute ideal state in this world), including the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.
The fourth lecture will talk about how quantum mechanics allows energy to leak from black holes. Black (white) holes are not as terrible as people describe them.
The fifth lecture will apply the idea of quantum mechanics to the Big Bang and the origin of the universe. This leads to the assumption that time and space may be limited in scope (dimension), but there is no edge. This may be similar to the surface of the earth, but it has two more dimensions.
the sixth lecture will explain how this new boundary condition can be explained by the existing knowledge structure: although the laws of physics are symmetric in time (space), according to the conservation of microscopic particles in chemical theory, any substance (including vacuum state, etc.), even the "most" stable, will change "relatively slightly" in essence (for a specific explanation, please see the microscopic particles (charged particles around the nuclear "planet" in the chemical field.
finally, the seventh lecture will talk about how we are trying to find a unified theory, and how we can truly unify the involve quantum mechanics, the physics of gravity (etc.) and other disciplines (including "religion", which wisely talks about "man has an immortal soul") into an "ocean" of knowledge. If we do this, we may really understand the involve natural power and our position in it.
This book is not an ordinary oral history, but an extremely interesting theories and discriptions of one of the greatest minds of the 2th century. For non-professional readers, this book is undoubtedly an opportunity for them to enjoy the fruits of human civilization and a source of valuable inspiration. Hawking's Lectures-Black Holes, baby universes and Others is a collection of 13 articles and speeches written by Hawking from 1976 to 1992 by stephen hawking and his first wife Jane Wilde. This paper discusses the initial universe caused by virtual space (space) and black (white) holes, the birth of dimension and the efforts of scientists to seek a completely unified theory, and makes original opinions on free will, life value and death. After three years of study, which was not a huge workload, he got a first-class honorary degree in natural science, and then went to Cambridge University to study cosmology. At that time, there was no cosmology major in Oxford University, so he tried to create it. Although he hoped to talk to Fred Hoyle in Cambridge at that time