In ancient times, in the pre-Qin era, nobles, big and small, used fiefdoms as the place to exercise political orders.

Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, officials at all levels have been appointed by the state. Whether talented people from various places were recruited or recommended to serve as officials in the central government, or people who originally lived in the capital were sent to other places to serve as officials, most of them had the need for official residence in other places.

Therefore, the state's provision of housing to officials who were appointed to their posts gradually became institutionalized around the time of the Qin and Han dynasties.

Volume 39 of "Book of Han" records that Cao Shen was awarded a title and lived in Pingyang. However, he served as prime minister in Qi State and the Central Government. His prime minister's house in Chang'an had a back garden close to the officials' houses. The officials' houses drank and sang every day, and so on.

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The terms "phase house" and "official house" are synonymous with the residence of the prime minister and the dormitory of the officials, which should be provided by the state.

Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, issued the "Tong'an Collection Order" to the whole country, saying: "Anyone who serves as a feudal lord will be given a seal ribbon and a spacious residence; generals whose salary reaches the level of 2,000 shi can move to Chang'an and be given a spacious residence."

Second class housing.

?This is of course a measure to give preferential treatment to meritorious officials during the founding period of the People's Republic of China.

In addition to housing, all furniture and sundries in officials' residences are also provided by the agency based on the status of the occupants.

Taking the Chun'an County Office in the Ming Dynasty as a case study, according to the "Hai Rui Collection and Xingge Regulations", there are 63 types of furniture for the magistrate, more than 200 pieces, 60 types of county magistrates, chief bookkeepers, etc., and only 19 classics.

kind.

During the Hongwu period, Anzhen, a fellow magistrate of Huangzhou Prefecture, was reported by his subordinates to the Imperial Examination Division because he was good at making public utensils. The Imperial Examination Division reported to the central government.

After Zhu Yuanzhang learned about it, he excused An Zhen, saying: "All the houses, utensils and utensils belong to the public. If An Zhen were moved to another official position, he would not be able to take anything with him."

It can be seen from this that you can use as much furniture as you are given, and using public funds to buy more privately is a violation of the system.

In addition, when an official is transferred or retires, all miscellaneous furniture must be returned according to the list.

"Pingzhou Ke Tan" states that Wang Anshi retired from his post as a judge in Jiangning Mansion, and his wife Wu brought home a custom rattan bed in the official residence.

Not long after, the county officials came to ask for help, but no one dared to speak, so they had to report to the master quietly.

Wang Anshi knew that Mrs. Wu was obsessed with cleanliness, but he was not in harmony with her because of her sloppiness, so he climbed onto the bed barefoot and lay down for a long time.

When Mrs. Wu saw it, she ordered him to be returned.

It can be seen from this that officials are not allowed to take any official belongings when moving out of the public house. This is also a rule of the past dynasties. Even if you are the prime minister, you must not violate it.

Due to the lack of special construction and maintenance funds, and the lack of complete property management (in Kyoto, it is managed by the administrative offices of various ministries, and in prefectures and counties, it is managed by workshops). Therefore, in most tenses, the conditions for government housing include related living facilities.

, are all very poor, and usually require major repairs every many years.