Mr. Zhong Jingwen is a famous folk literature and art scholar, folklorist, educator, poet and essayist in China. He used to be Chairman and Honorary Chairman of China Folk Writers and Artists Association, Honorary Member of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Chairman and Honorary Chairman of China Folklore Society, Vice Chairman of China Poetry Society and Director of Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University.
Mr. Zhong Jingwen, Han nationality, was originally named Tan Zong, also known as Wen Jing and Jin Su. 1903 was born on March 20th, 2003 in Gongping Town, Haifeng County, Guangdong Province. He is a smart and diligent young man who likes poetry. 1922 graduated from Lu' an Normal School in Haifeng County. During my study in normal school, influenced by the New Culture Movement, I began to learn to write vernacular poems. After graduation, he taught primary school in his hometown and worked part-time in the Chinese Department of Lingnan University in Guangzhou in the mid-1920s.
1920, Mr. Wang was only 17 years old. He studies in An Normal School. Because he felt the spring breeze of the May 4th Movement, he made a propaganda speech with his classmates to boycott Japanese goods. It is this life practice that gives Mr. Wang a strong sense of social responsibility. 1922 After graduating from Lu 'an Normal School, I stayed in my hometown and became a primary school teacher. During this period, he became interested in folk literature and began to collect and sort out folk songs. He has published Notes on Eastern Guangdong, Nanyang Ballads and Haifeng People Performing in Peking University Ballads. At the same time, I began to write new poems in vernacular Chinese, and published a new collection of poems "Three Flowers" with two good friends on 1923.
1926 In the summer, influenced by Peng Pai, Nie Gannu and others, Mr. Wang came to Guangzhou, the center of the national revolution at that time, to seek richer ideological nourishment, which was a key step for Mr. Wang to embark on his academic career and pursue truth. After working and studying in Lingnan University, Mr. Wang began to study folk culture by using the library and sorted out folk literature such as Cantonese style. He got to know Xian Xinghai, a primary progressive of Liu Qian, and began to read revolutionary books and periodicals, including Manifesto of Producers' Party, and wrote for Young Pioneers. This year, his first story collection "Folk Fun" was published by Beijing Beixin Bookstore.
1927 In the spring, Mr. Lu Xun, the pioneer of the New Culture Movement, came to Guangzhou. Mr. Zhong excitedly invited a group of young friends to meet Mr. Lu Xun, and extensively collected his whereabouts in Yangcheng, and compiled a book "Guangdong Lu Xun", which was published by Shanghai Beixin Bookstore. In the autumn of the same year, introduced by Gu Jiegang, Mr. Wang was transferred to Sun Yat-sen University as a teaching assistant in the Chinese Department to teach preparatory Chinese. At this time, Gu Jiegang, Rong Zhaozu, Dong Zuobin and other backbones of the former Peking University Folk Song Research Association and Folk Investigation Association gathered together. They continued to carry out new academic undertakings in the north, and Mr. Zhong became an active participant and organizer. He helped Gu Jiegang and others to set up the first folklore research institution in China, the Folklore Society, set up a folklore research society, compiled and printed folk literature and art, folklore weekly and folklore series, and actively promoted this new knowledge of folklore. During this period, Mr. Zhong published literary and academic collections such as Litchi Sketch and Conghua Folk Literature, which made his mark in the literary and art circles.
1928 in the summer, just as Mr. Zhong was making great efforts in ideological and academic fields, he was hit for the first time since he was wet behind the ears. The conservative forces in the school dismissed Mr. Zhong from the faculty on the pretext that he had handled the printed edition of Wu Ji. At the high tide of Qiantang River, Zhong Jingwen came to Hangzhou at the invitation of his friend Liu Dabai.
In Hangzhou, Mr. Zhong was keen on writing essays and sketches, and published essays such as Roaming the West Lake (1929) and Notes on the Lake (1930), which made great achievements in prose creation. Yu Dafu spoke highly of Mr. Zhong's prose: "Qing Jue can succeed Zhou Zuoren and Bing Xin in martial arts" (1935). It is considered that many chapters of Mr. Zhong's prose are "the best works in the new literary prose" in Sixteen Modern Essays (1935). Mr. Zhong's achievements in prose creation established his position in the history of modern literature. While Mr. Zhong Jingwen is keen on literary creation, he has not forgotten his mission of studying grass-roots culture. In Hangzhou, he United a group of comrades, established the Chinese Folklore Society, and published Folklore (monthly), Folklore Collection and Folklore Series. During this period, Mr. Zhong Jingwen's scholarship increased rapidly. He devoted himself to the collection and research of folk literature, and wrote many research articles about folk literature, such as A Study on the Myth of Shan Haijing and Others (1930), China Folk Tales (193 1), China Plant Origin Myth and so on. And pay attention to absorbing foreign theoretical research results and establishing academic ties with foreign counterparts. Hangzhou once became an important town of folklore research after Peking University and CUHK. From 1928 to 1933, Mr. Zhong Jingwen taught in Hang Cheng Advanced Business School, Zhejiang University College of Arts and Sciences and People's Education Experimental School. At this time, he emphasized the social education function of folklore and folk literature and art, and thought it was an important content of mass education. Mr. Zhong Jingwen also founded Public Education Quarterly (later changed to Monthly) and published a special issue of folk literature in the Quarterly. 1933 Summer, at the invitation of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education, he went to Nanchang thousands of miles away to give a public speech on folk songs.
1in the spring of 934, Mr. Zhong resigned as a full-time lecturer of Zhejiang University and took his wife Chen Qiufan to Japan for further study. In the Graduate School of Literature Department of Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan, Mr. Zhong became an excellent researcher. He curled up in the nine-story library every day, reading theoretical works such as folklore and cultural anthropology. Every day, we have a bowl of buckwheat noodles for lunch, in order to save some money on books. Living in poverty, but happy in spirit. While studying mythology under the famous mythologist Mr. Nishimura, Mr. Zhong has published many works on myths, legends and folk stories in local academic journals such as Ethnology Research and Folk Custom Monthly. In Japan, Mr. Zhong got to know Professor Shibata Keisuke, who studies China's language and literature, and Mr. Masuda and Mr. Takeuchi, and participated in the activities of the China Literature Research Association. During his stay in Japan, he kept in touch with domestic folklore circles, edited Folk Garden in Art Style magazine, and introduced folk literature and folklore theory to China, which effectively promoted the academic exchange of folklore and folklore between China and Japan. He edited several academic journals of Art Style, especially wrote and published an important academic article on the Construction of Folk Literature and Art, and raised the issue of establishing an independent folk literature and art for the first time. He has made important contributions to the construction of China's own folk literature and art discipline system.
1in the summer of 936, Mr. Zhong returned to Hangzhou from Japan and continued to engage in folklore and folk literature he loved. Besides being a full-time lecturer at Zhejiang People's Education Experimental School, he is also a literary tutor at Hangzhou Art College. Edit "Popular Education" monthly magazine "Special Issue of Folk Art" and "Special Issue of Folk Culture". Together with his colleagues from the experimental school of universal education, he held a "folk photo exhibition" and exhibited about 3,000 pieces of folk paintings and woodcut works collected from Zhejiang and other places, which were well received by public opinion and all walks of life. During 1937, Japan's war of aggression against China broke out in an all-round way. After joining the army, Mr. Zhong Jingwen worked as an inspector in the Political Department of the Fourth Theater in Guangzhou, engaged in encouraging the masses and publicizing the anti-Japanese work. Follow the troops to the north of Guangdong, personally interview and collect the deeds of the military and civilians against the enemy, edit the magazine "New Army" with Chen Yuan, establish Qujiang Branch of the All-China Association of Literature and Art with comrades, and be elected as the executive director; With full patriotic enthusiasm, Mr. Zhong Jingwen wrote many reportages, such as Old Heroes of the Anti-Japanese Nation, Command Knife and Poetry Pen, and The Back of Cattle. His battlefield chapters inspired the soldiers and civilians in southern China to fight against Japan. Mr. Zhong himself has great respect for romain rolland, a "Europa conscience" with the same patriotic enthusiasm. In an article commemorating Mr. romain rolland, he said, "He is the concern of my soul. Reading his works, I was completely brought into a world far more serious and profound than reality. "
194 1 year, Mr. Zhong Jingwen returned to Sun Yat-sen University in Shiping at that time, and successively served as an associate professor, professor and supervisor professor of the College of Arts, teaching folk literature, an introduction to literature and an introduction to poetry. 1945 Sun Yat-sen University moved back to Guangzhou Shipai, and Mr. Zhong Jingwen continued to teach in CUHK. From 65438 to 0947, Mr Zhong Jingwen was dismissed by CUHK again because of his "Left-leaning" thought. After reviewing the postgraduate entrance examination papers in July, he quietly left Guangzhou and went to Hong Kong to teach in the Literature Department of Dade College where progressive people gathered.
1949 In May, on the eve of the founding of New China, at the invitation of the Party, Mr. Zhong Jingwen returned to Beijing to attend the first national congress of literary and art workers in China and met the central leading comrades such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai whom he admired for a long time. Zhou Enlai wrote a personal message to Mr. Zhong Jingwen, "Strive to build people's literature and art". In August, at the invitation of li jinxi, a famous linguist and chairman of the School Committee of Beijing Normal University, Mr. Zhong Jingwen became a professor of Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University, and concurrently served as a professor of Peking University and Fu Jen Catholic University. 1952 The Ministry of Education appointed Mr. Zhong Jingwen as the deputy provost of Beijing Normal University, and 1954 as the director of the scientific research department of Beijing Normal University.
In the first spring of 1950s, China Folk Literature and Art Research Association was established by Zhong, Guo Moruo and Lao She. Guo Moruo was elected as chairman, Lao She and Zhong Jingwen as vice-chairmen, and Mr. Zhong Jingwen presided over the daily work of the Association. After decades of hard work, China finally has a national specialized institution to study folk literature and art. Mr. Zhong's wish for many years has come true, and he is working happily. He presided over the establishment of the Collection of Folk Literature and Art, Folk Literature and other publications, which provided a garden for folk literature research, taught folk literature in universities such as Beijing Normal University (later renamed People's Oral Creation), and founded the first folk literature teaching and research room in China. 1953 took the lead in setting up a postgraduate class in folk literature in the Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University, so as to train senior talents in this field for new China.
From 65438 to 0954, he was elected as a representative of Beijing Municipal People's Congress and participated in the symposium on the draft constitution organized by CPPCC National Committee. Mr Zhong Jingwen is passionate about participating in and discussing politics. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. A sudden political storm got him into trouble. In 1957, Mr. Zhong Jingwen was wrongly classified as "Rightist", and his positions as director of research office, member of school affairs and editorial board of journal were also revoked. After that, Mr Zhong Jingwen lost his political rights and freedom of academic research for a period of time. 1962, the "Rightists" took off their hats, and he quietly started academic research, and wrote academic papers that have been praised so far, such as "Exploring the History of Folk Literature and Art in the Late Qing Dynasty" and "Folk Literature and Art of Revolutionary Writers in the Late Qing Dynasty". Then came the "unprecedented" Cultural Revolution, and Mr. Zhong's academic life was ruthlessly interrupted for ten years.
A few years later, Mr. Zhong Jingwen kept his loyal ambition. After the reform and opening up, Mr. Wang gained a second academic youth. 1979, nearly 80 years old, he called for the restoration of the academic status of folklore, and personally invited seven famous scholars, including Gu Jiegang, Rong Zhaozu, Emperor Wen of Sui, Yang Chengzhi, Bai Shouyi and Luo Zhi, to jointly propose the restoration of the academic status of folklore and the establishment of an academic institution of folklore in China. 1983 The Chinese Folklore Society was established, and Mr. Zhong was elected as the chairman. In order to promote and assist the establishment and development of such institutions in various provinces and cities, from the end of 1970s to the end of 1980s, he went to Dandong in the north, Lanzhou, Chengdu and Guiyang in the west, Guangzhou and Guilin in the south, Shanghai, Hangzhou and Ningbo in the east to attend the inaugural meeting, participate in academic discussions and give academic speeches.
1979, Mr. Zhong was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Beijing Municipal Political Consultative Conference. He was a member of the China Language and Literature Evaluation Group of the first evaluation group of the the State Council Academic Degrees Committee, and made important contributions to the development of degree and postgraduate education and the cultivation of high-level talents in China.
Mr. Zhong attaches great importance to the teaching and research of folk literature and folklore. In order to promote the discipline construction of Chinese folk literature and folklore, Mr. Zhong Jingwen organized college teachers all over the country to compile an Introduction to Folk Literature (198 1 year) and won the first prize of excellent teaching materials in colleges and universities by the State Education Commission (1988) and an Introduction to Folklore (65438+). Six seminars on folk literature and folklore and advanced seminars have been held in Beijing, which have trained hundreds of urgently needed talents in folklore for the whole country. In the early 1980s, Mr. Zhong also served as the editor-in-chief of the folk literature section of the encyclopedia of China. With the joint efforts of Mr. Zhong and other scholars of the older generation, China folklore was listed in the National two disciplines Catalogue on 1988. Folklore, which Mr. Zhong Jingwen has been struggling for for nearly 80 years, has entered a new stage of development. As the first batch of doctoral tutors in China and the first batch of post-doctoral mobile tutors in liberal arts, Mr. Zhong Jingwen has been at the forefront of teaching and scientific research in order to cultivate talents needed for discipline construction.
Mr. Zhong is a great scholar of China people since the 20th century, an outstanding representative of China intellectuals, and the backbone of the Chinese nation as Mr. Lu Xun said. Mr. Wang loved the motherland, the people, the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the socialist cause all his life. In the past hundred years, he has unswervingly adhered to the highest ideal of fighting for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the construction of human culture, selflessly dedicated his life and talent, and experienced ups and downs without regrets. He founded and developed China Folklore and China Folk Literature and Art, and trained a large number of high-level professionals in folklore and folk literature and art for the country. He is a master of folk education in China. Mr. Wang is a famous poet, essayist and literary theorist in China, and his voice is widely circulated at home and abroad. He is honest and kind, fair and selfless, upright and upright, and is praised by the world. He took the lead in setting an example and worked until his last breath. Learn to be a teacher and be a teacher.
In the 1970s, Professor Zhong Jingwen presided over 16 An Introduction to Folk Literature, which was compiled by folk literature teachers in colleges and universities, and lasted for nearly one year from 1979 to 1980. According to the memories of comrades who participated in this work, during this period, after a series of processes such as study, discussion, trial writing (draft), trial lecture, rewriting (draft) and centralized revision, this manuscript that can be temporarily printed was finally completed. Nevertheless, Professor Zhong Jingwen pointed out in the preface of the book, "This textbook was planned to be compiled from the beginning, and we made clear its content and nature. This is a book about college students. Its main task is to raise some important questions of this course and explain the corresponding basic theoretical knowledge. It is not a special research work, nor is it a professional paper that publishes personal opinions. Therefore, in this textbook, only some important questions are raised, and relatively stable knowledge is expounded. " The wind of rigor can be seen here.
Mr. Zhong Jingwen is a veritable educator with profound knowledge and noble character. During his 80-year teaching career, he always adhered to the educational policy of teaching and educating people, and always attached importance to public education. He regards education as the process of improving personality and knowledge, and attaches great importance to teachers' responsibilities of preaching, teaching and dispelling doubts, and is conscientious and meticulous. He is unique in talent training. Character is the first important criterion, followed by study, so he is strict with students' moral quality. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is another important principle of his training students. According to the actual situation of folklore students from different disciplines and degrees, he treated them differently, made different training plans and determined different training requirements for them, and made efforts to make students make continuous progress according to the phased goals, which effectively promoted their growth. In order to cultivate talents quickly and well, Mr. Zhong Jingwen selflessly dedicated his life-long accumulated teaching and research materials and research experience to enable students to complete master's and doctoral theses. When he saw that students' papers were well received by academic circles, and some even won the national academic works award, he felt sincerely happy. Mr. Zhong Jingwen has always attached importance to the cultivation of minority folk talents. When recruiting doctoral students, he pays attention to recruiting minority students, pays special attention to their growth, and encourages them to go back to the teaching and research of their own folk culture after their studies. It has trained more than a dozen senior researchers from Mongolia, Tibet, Yi, Uygur, Zhuang, North Korea, Naxi, Manchu, Oroqen, Bai and Tujia, most of whom have become their own nationalities. Mr. Zhong Jingwen has made outstanding contributions to education. He was awarded the honorary title of Beijing Model Worker (1982) and the first prize of Excellent Teacher of Ceng Xianzi Education Foundation (1999).