The first Nobel Prize was awarded as a newly selected text in the First Volume of the Eighth Grade of Junior Middle School Chinese (revised edition in autumn of 2065438+2007) published by People's Education Publishing House? [1-2], read aloud by Weidong.
This article is selected from "A Hundred Years' Good Articles —— Reuters's News Masterpieces" and reports the specific situation of the first Nobel Prize. The nationalities, names, awards and contributions of the winners are listed in detail. At the same time, the awarding institution, awarding time and place were also clarified. This news is a masterpiece with accurate facts and proper details.
Extended data:
Each awarding unit of the Nobel Prize has a five-member committee responsible for the selection work, and the term of office of the committee is three years. Except the name of the final winner, the list of candidates will not be made public for 50 years. The selection process and principles are as follows:
The first step in the selection process is to recommend candidates. The work of recommending candidates ends before February 1 every year, and the recommender submits a recommendation report to the relevant selection agency around September. After discussing the candidates' achievements, the selection committee announced the selection results in the middle of June 5438+ 10. The evaluation of candidates by the Nobel Prize Selection Committee is conducted in secret.
—— From September to the following year1October 3 1 candidates recommended by various Nobel Prizes. There are usually 1000-2000 candidates recommended every year.
—— From February 1 day, the Nobel Prize jury will screen and review the recommended candidates, and the work will be kept strictly confidential. By September, the list of winners in various fields has been basically determined, and then the jury will hold a plenary meeting to formally decide.
-The winners of this year's Nobel Prize were selected in the second week of June+10, 5438. Notify the winner immediately after the election results are announced.
-65438+February 10 is the anniversary of Nobel's death. On this day, the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony was held in Stockholm and Oslo respectively. In Sweden, the king will give prizes to the winners.
In his will, Nobel donated about 6,543.8+0,000 Swedish kronor to more than ten relatives and friends, and the rest (3,654.38+0,000 Swedish kronor) was used to set up the Nobel Prize. The contents of the Nobel Prize in his will are as follows:
I, the undersigned Alfred Berhard Nobel, after careful consideration, hereby declare that the following is my will to dispose of my property after death:
Here, I ask the executor to dispose of the remaining property I can realize in the following ways: convert the above property into cash, and then make safe and reliable investment; Use this fund to establish a foundation, and the interest generated by the fund will be awarded annually to those who have made outstanding contributions to mankind in the previous year. Divide the interest into five equal parts as follows:
A prize is awarded to the person who has made the most important discovery or invention in physics;
One prize is awarded to the person who has made the most important discovery or improvement in chemistry;
A prize is awarded to those who have made the most important discoveries in the fields of medicine and physiology;
An award is awarded to those who have created the best works with ideal tendency in the literary world;
The last prize is awarded to those who have done their best or made the greatest contribution to promoting national unity and friendship, abolishing or reducing the standing army, and organizing and publicizing the peace conference.
The physics prize and chemistry prize are awarded by the Swedish Academy of Science in Stockholm; The prize for medicine and physiology is awarded by Caroline Medical College in Stockholm; The literature prize is awarded by Stockholm Academy of Literature; The Peace Prize is awarded by a five-member committee elected by the Norwegian Parliament.
Regardless of the nationality of the winning candidate, that is, regardless of whether he or she is Scandinavian or not, whoever is the most qualified should get the bonus. I hereby declare that it is my urgent desire to distribute bonuses in this way. ...
This is a valid will among all my wills. After my death, if I find any previous will on property disposal, it will be invalid.
The most ingenious: birthday gift
From June 5438 to/kloc-0 to October 65438, 2007, the 2007 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was announced. Gerhard ertl, a German scientist, was lucky enough to win the prize for his outstanding contribution in the field of surface chemistry research. Coincidentally, it happened to be aitel's 7 1 birthday.
Most depressing: waiting for 55 years.
19 1 1 year, Routh announced the important discovery that tumor was caused by virus, but it never attracted the attention of the Nobel Prize Committee. As a result, Rouse waited for 55 years before winning the prize at the age of 85.
The youngest: 17 years old won the prize.
As of 20 17, the youngest Nobel Prize winner is Malala Yousafzai. 20 1410/0 kailash Satyati and * * * won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the youngest winners of this award.
Oldest: winning at 90.
By 20 17, the oldest Nobel Prize winner was leonid hurwicz, who was born in Moscow and later became an American citizen. As of 20 17, he is an honorary professor of economics at the University of Minnesota. In 2007, the Nobel Prize in Economics was awarded to three American economists, Leonid leonid hurwicz, eric maskin and Roger myerson, in recognition of their contributions to the establishment and development of Mechanism Design Theory. At the age of 90, he became the oldest Nobel Prize winner in history. He died in 2008.
The most concentrated: Curie family
Madame Curie and her husband once won the Nobel Prize, and later Madame Curie won this prize. More than 20 years later, their eldest daughter and her husband, Aurio, discovered artificial radioactive substances and won the Nobel Prize in chemistry, inheriting the scientific career of the Curie couple.
Most brothers: the Ding Bogen brothers.
Jane Dingbergen and Nicholas Dingbergen are two brothers who won the Nobel Prize among all the winners.
1969, Jane Dingbergen and Ragnar Frish both won the Nobel Prize in Economics.
From 65438 to 0973, Nicholas Dingbergen, Karl von Foley and Conrad Lorenz all won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their great contributions to the formation and stimulation of animal individual and group behaviors.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-First Nobel Prize Awarded