First, the preparation work before the defense

(1) Digest your own papers.

Defense is a form of examination and acceptance of the results of master's thesis. Postgraduates should have a clear purpose, correct attitude, build up confidence, and improve their analytical ability, generalization ability and expression ability by defending their master's thesis. On the basis of reading and reviewing the master's thesis repeatedly, we should pay special attention to the following points when writing a 20-minute defense report:

1, highlighting the importance and significance of the topic.

2. Introduce the main idea and structural arrangement of the paper (this part only explains the topic and does not discuss the content, because the teacher has read your paper).

3. Emphasize the originality and originality of the paper.

4. Explain what necessary work has been done.

Make a brief outline with pictures and words. Read this report as well as possible and read it directly according to the lecture notes or PPT. The effect will be very poor.

(2) Material preparation:

Materials to prepare for the national defense conference:

1. Master thesis manuscript.

2. National defense report.

3. The main reference materials, although you can't rely on these materials when defending, you can avoid the embarrassment and confusion of not answering when you can't remember them at the moment.

4. Writing paper for recording. In order to record the questions raised by the defense teacher and valuable opinions and opinions. By recording, you can not only ease your nervousness, but also better understand the key and essence of the teacher's question. At the same time, you can think while recording and make the thinking process natural. (PPT auxiliary introduction should be prepared in the future).

5. Dress neatly and solemnly. Boys should wear short-sleeved shirts, preferably ties, and girls should dress as professionally as possible. Dress can let the defense teacher directly feel the importance you attach to the defense.

(3) adjust your mentality.

First of all, the defense should be clear about what graduate students should be examined in the thesis defense. Master education focuses on cultivating scientific thinking, how to turn scientific achievements into academic articles, and even create social benefits. Therefore, through the thesis defense, we can observe the following points:

1. The authenticity of the paper. Seeking truth from facts is the basis of scientific research, and the paper itself must be true and reliable, and fraud can not escape the attention of experts in the defense Committee. If there is a problem in this respect, the paper is bound to fail to pass the expert review.

2. Investigate relevant knowledge and application ability.

3. Investigate the comprehensive quality of graduate students, including the respondent's expressive ability. A successful speech is a combination of self-confidence and skill, and solid professional knowledge and careful preparation for defense are the prerequisites for success. It is also essential to use some defense skills, which can fully demonstrate the ability to organize research materials and display research results, and let others know what they have done.

If we want to win this war, we must make an in-depth analysis of the purpose, procedure, possible problems and solutions of the defense, so as to be confident and enthusiastic in participating in the defense.

Second, the master's thesis defense procedure

(1) Postgraduates report their master's thesis to the defense committee (about 20 minutes).

The contents of the defense report mainly include:

(1) The content, purpose and significance of the paper; Raw data used;

(2) The basic contents and main methods of the master's thesis;

(3) emphasize the originality and originality of the paper on the achievements, conclusions and evaluation of the tasks completed by yourself.

(2) Questions from experts of the defense committee (time 10 ~ 15 minutes).

Problems generally include the following three aspects:

(1) Issues needing further explanation;

(2) Related basic theories, knowledge and skills involved in the paper;

(3) Investigate the related problems of the comprehensive quality of graduate students.

General question types of defense teachers:

1, ask the meaning of the topic.

2. Ask questions about important ideas and concepts.

3. Ask questions about the originality of the paper.

4. Ask questions about the details of the paper

5. Question the data source of the paper.

6. Put forward questions for the weak links in the paper.

7. Ask questions about the feasibility of the proposal

8. Ask some questions about your work.

9. Ask some questions that are beyond the scope of the paper

10, question with no standard answer.

1 1. Questions about whether the format is standardized.

Matters needing attention when answering questions:

1, preparation of application ability and knowledge width

Step 2 be prepared for everyday problems

3. Details cannot be ignored.

4. Test your ability

5. Grasp the feasibility of the paper.

Third, how to reply

(1) Grasp the overall situation

The following five points must be done when students reply:

1, release the report

Step 2 focus on the key points

Step 3 seize interest

4, grasp the time

Step 5 leave a foreshadowing

(2) Preparation of opening remarks

Say hello to the expert at the beginning of the defense. Preface is the official beginning of the whole thesis defense, which can attract attention, establish credibility and predict the intention and main content of the defense. A good beginning is half the battle. It should be related to the theme, the tone of defense and the use of appropriate language. Negative beginnings, such as self-defense, should be avoided (such as? There is too much pressure to find a job recently, and I am not fully prepared. I was too busy with my work to get ready. It is not only a respect for the experts of the defense Committee, but also a manifestation of my lack of confidence, and the respondents' first impression of the experts is greatly reduced. Remember that modesty and prudence are the traditional virtues of our country, but modesty is not self-confidence. At the same time, we should avoid self-expression, complacency and seek appreciation. Excessive performance will arouse the disgust of experts from the National Defense Commission. (for example? After so many years of thinking, I think my system design has reached the most scientific and perfect level. )

(3) report papers

Attention should be paid to: grasp the time, briefly introduce, be calm and calm, have a beautiful voice, use Mandarin, cadence, rich expressions, express incisively and vividly, use positive language in tone, that is, yes or no, and don't be ambiguous. The content is closely related to the theme, the expression is clear and smooth, the voice is loud and infectious, and the appropriate gestures are used to achieve the best defense effect. Most of the students who attended the defense meeting spoke at a relatively low volume, so it is estimated that only the people in the first two rows can hear clearly. Voice has three advantages: first, it strengthens courage and reduces stage fright; The second is to attract teachers' attention; Third, it will make them more passionate and infect teachers. Of course, fluency and persuasiveness of language can't be built in a day. It depends on improvisation.

(4) How to answer questions raised by experts of the defense committee.

After the graduation report is finished, the experts of the defense Committee will each ask two or four questions. Pay attention to confirm whether you understand correctly when recording the questions. Some experts have low voices. You must ask them when you can't hear clearly. What do you mean, teacher ... it's very troublesome to understand the wrong questions, which leads to passiveness in answering questions. Our school allows 20 minutes of preparation time. It is appropriate to ask questions from experts. Listen patiently and don't interrupt others' questions casually. Answer the questions raised by experts completely, and don't show pride when you feel good about yourself. If you really don't know how to answer, just explain it directly to the experts and don't answer irrelevant questions. Don't argue irrationally about questions you are not sure about. Seeking truth from facts means that you haven't made it clear, so you must study this problem seriously in the future. In short, the defense should be practical and realistic, neither humble nor humble, polite, and always show respect and gratitude to the experts. Note that the defense is not a purely academic defense, and non-academic components account for about half. You should show your maturity in all aspects and prove that you have the ability of academic research.

Sometimes the teacher of the defense committee is not satisfied with the answer given by the respondent, and will ask further questions to find out whether the author really understands and grasps this question. In this case, if the respondent is sure to make it clear, he can state the reasons for his defense; If you are not sure, you can try to answer carefully and answer as much as you can, even if it is not exact, it doesn't matter. As long as it is related to the question, the teacher will guide and inspire you to get to the point; If it's really a problem you haven't figured out, you should be realistic and explain that you haven't figured it out, and say that you must study this problem carefully in the future, and you can't argue irrationally and quibble. Because the teacher of the defense Committee may have studied this problem specially, no matter how clever he is, he can't fool him. It should be understood here that it is not surprising that a student was asked a question at the defense meeting, because the members of the defense Committee are generally experts in this field. It is natural that they can't answer one of their questions. Of course, not all questions can be answered, and it is not normal to ask three questions without knowing.

In the defense, sometimes the main defense teacher will put forward a point of view different from the basic point of view in your paper, and then please talk about your point of view. At this time, you should try your best to defend your point of view and refute the opposite point of view. Among the questions asked by the main defense teacher, there are some basic knowledge questions and some academic inquiry questions. For the former question, it is not negotiable to ask you to give a correct and comprehensive answer. The latter question is still inconclusive, and people with different views can discuss it with each other. If the basic ideas of your thesis are well thought out and justified, don't give up your own ideas just because the members of the defense Committee put forward different opinions. Otherwise, it is tantamount to denying your hard-earned paper. You know, some defense teachers put forward different views from your paper, not his own. He just wants to hear your comments and opinions on this point of view, or to test your defense ability, or your firmness in your own point of view. To say the least, even if you ask the teacher for his own opinion, you should hold it? I love my teacher, and I love truth more? Attitude, argument, debate. But when arguing with the defense teacher, we should pay attention to the discretion and use appropriate arguments. Generally speaking, we should give priority to defending our own views, refute each other's arguments in euphemistic language as much as possible, and input our views into each other in a questioning tone without showing any trace, so as to convince them orally or secretly. Let the teacher who asked questions feel that although he accepted your opinion, his self-esteem was not hurt.

(v) Concluding remarks and thanks

Be sure to thank you before the report ends. After the thesis defense, the author should listen carefully to the judgment of the defense Committee, further analyze and think about the opinions put forward by the defense teacher, and summarize the experience and lessons of thesis writing. On the one hand, through this graduation thesis writing, I want to know what scientific research methods I have learned and mastered, and my ability to ask questions, analyze, solve problems and conduct scientific research has been improved. What are the shortcomings, as a reference for studying other topics in the future. On the other hand, we should seriously think about the questions and opinions raised by the defense teachers at the thesis defense meeting, revise our own papers, deepen our research, and seriously revise our own papers to achieve in-depth development and achieve greater results. To improve their knowledge and ability.

Defense is just around the corner In order to make everyone successfully reply to graduation, some matters needing attention in reply are listed as follows:

First, defensive behavior

1, the content is unfamiliar, read the manuscript or slide show.

2. Face the slide screen instead of the judges.

3. Oral problems: Uh-huh, smacking your lips, speaking stiffly or in a flat tone,

4, will not use the remote control to turn pages.

5. The laser pen will not be used effectively: the timing of use is not appropriate; The light spot stays in one place for too long; Don't turn off the laser pointer, even the laser beam is thrown at the judges.

6. Don't use the link and return mode (you can reuse the general block diagram mode) to avoid mistakes.

Second, the expression of ideas.

7、 ? Background, method, result, discussion? The four basic blocks all adopt a general block diagram, and then they are decomposed into parts. In this case, whenever a complex relationship is involved, we should adopt the way from big to small and finally back to big.

8. The research background logic is unclear. The ins and outs of the problem must be explained.

9. Stop denying the existing treatment methods in order to emphasize this study. The new research idea is not simply to deny the current strategy, but to develop.

10, preface, methods (grouping, operation, testing) and discussion should make full use of flowcharts and diagrams. Starting from the overall research ideas and research purposes, click into their respective experimental schemes, and express the experimental grouping, intervention process, results and results interpretation with flow charts.

1 1. When introducing the experimental design, clearly explain why it is designed like this. It is necessary to avoid redundant description of traditional methods.

12, the results and discussion must be closely related to the research purpose and content.

13. Summary statement order: research conclusion (completely corresponding to the purpose of the preface), research significance (contribution to clinical and basic theory), and research prospect (expressing the limitations of current research and the basic ideas or prospects of future research).

14, the subject of the fund must be specified. Indicate the subject number. The published and/or contributed status must be emphasized. SCI papers must explain the influencing factors. It is reasonable and sufficient to quote the articles of our research group.

15, remove the period, comma and semicolon. All words are expressed by phrases to enhance the order and expression relationship.

Third, slide production.

16, dark text cannot be used on dark background. A light background is recommended (but not light text).

17, oral expression must omit many words that are very clear and don't need to be emphasized, such as? Routine use of penicillin after surgery? .

18. Methodology video is automatically played in a loop.

19. The video of methodology should be appropriately deleted (cut off redundant actions), and a text description should be added. Don't just put a big video picture, there is no text description.

20. Try to use charts (curves, squares, cakes) for all the contents involving digital expression.

2 1, no? And the result? 、? Discuss? This kind of disjunctive word. And the separation is indicated by superscript or subscript. Learn how to use fluent language to transition between several basic parts.

22. There are still technical errors in slide show (video link error, slide position error, etc.). ).

Five, master's defense reference time allocation (total time 30 minutes):

9. Background for 5 minutes: Be sure to explain the following clearly: 1. Ask questions (why do you want to study it); 2. Existing research basis; 3. Research purpose (consistent with future conclusions); 4. Research content (consistent with the content of methodology, expressed by flow chart).

10. method 4 minutes: the reason of grouping experiment must be clearly stated (why, model making, control factors), and the experimental scheme and grouping should be expressed by process relationship. The experimental detection means should have a flow chart (why choose this method, what problems are planned to be solved, the situation before the experiment, the key problems to be solved, and the reasons for choosing indicators).

1 1, Results 6 minutes: It should be closely related to the research purpose and explain the research findings accordingly.

12, discussion for 6 minutes: focus on the relevance and significance of the research results from the horizontal relationship. Methodological discussion should be fully explained when introducing methodology, and the explanation of each result should be expressed when expressing results.

13, conclusion (consistent with the purpose of the study): 1 min.

14, research significance: 1 min.

15, research prospect: 1 min (the problem that cannot be determined in this study is the prospect of further research)

16, thank you. 1 minute: keep it short, and don't repeat it.

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