Politics: United Nations /ziliao/2003-02/19/content_735253.htm The United Nations was established on October 24, 1945, by 51 countries committed to maintaining peace through international cooperation and collective security.
Today, almost every country in the world has joined the United Nations.
The United Nations *** has 185 member states.
When a country becomes a member of the United Nations, it agrees to accept the obligations of the United Nations Charter.
The Charter of the United Nations is an international treaty that stipulates the basic principles of international relations.
According to the Charter, the four purposes of the United Nations are as follows: to maintain international peace and security; to develop friendly relations among countries; to cooperate in solving international problems and enhance respect for human rights; and to become the center for coordinating the actions of various countries.
Member states of the United Nations are sovereign states.
The United Nations is not a world government and does not make laws.
But the United Nations provides solutions to help resolve international conflicts and develops policies on matters that affect us all.
In the United Nations, member states, big or small, rich or poor, and regardless of their political views and social systems, all have the right to speak and vote in this process.
The United Nations has six main organs.
Five of them, the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat, are located at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.
The sixth main organ is the International Court of Justice, located in The Hague, Netherlands.
/ziliao/2003-01/27/content_709582.htm The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, referred to as the World Bank, is a specialized agency under the United Nations responsible for the international financing of long-term loans.
Financial Institutions.
The World Bank was established based on the Agreement on the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development adopted at the Bretton Woods Conference in the United States in 1944.
Its purpose is to finance the reconstruction and development work of member states through investment in productive undertakings; to promote foreign and foreign investment by guaranteeing loans or participating in loans and other foreign investments when member states cannot obtain them under reasonable conditions.
When private capital is provided, under appropriate conditions, the bank will provide direct loans to member countries with its own funds or funds raised and other funds to supplement the lack of private investment; by encouraging international investment, it will develop the production resources of member countries, provide technical advice and improve
production capacity to promote the balanced growth of international trade among member countries and the improvement of international balance of payments.
According to the purpose of the World Bank, its main business activity is to provide long-term loans to developing member countries, provide loans and technical assistance to member governments or private enterprises guaranteed by the government, and fund their construction of certain projects with long construction cycles and low profit margins.
, but it is also a construction project necessary for the country's economic and social development.
The World Bank and the International Development Association (IDA), the International Financial Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Center for Settlement of Investment
Disputes, ICSID) and five other institutions jointly formed the World Bank Group.
International Monetary Fund emblem: /ziliao/2003-01/27/content_709578.htm The Uruguay Round Ministerial Conference of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, held in Marrakech, Morocco on April 15, 1994, decided to establish a more global world trade
Organization (referred to as "World Trade Organization", World Trade Organization - WTO) to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in 1947.
The WTO is a permanent international organization independent of the United Nations.
It officially started operations on January 1, 1995 and is responsible for managing the world economic and trade order. It is headquartered on the shores of Lake Leman in Geneva, Switzerland.
On January 1, 1996, it officially replaced the GATT Provisional Institutions.
The WTO is an international organization with legal person status and has higher authority in mediating member disputes.
Its predecessor was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade established in 1947.
Compared with the GATT, the WTO covers trade in goods, services and intellectual property rights, while the GATT only applies to trade in goods.
The current Director-General is Pascal Lamy, the former EU Trade Commissioner, who took office in September 2005.
WTO members are divided into four categories: developed members, developing members, members with economies in transition and least developed members.
In December 2005, the General Council of the WTO formally approved the Pacific island nation of Tonga to join the WTO in Hong Kong, and its formal membership took effect one month later.
In this way, the number of official members of the WTO will increase to 150.