On November 1st, 1949, with the birth of the People's Republic of China, China Academy of Sciences was founded.

After more than 5 years' efforts, China Academy of Sciences has developed into the highest academic institution in science and technology and the national comprehensive research and development center of natural science and high technology.

The Department of China Academy of Sciences, established in June 1955, closely unites the best scientists in China, strives for the development of national science and technology, and further establishes the position of China Academy of Sciences as an academic center.

Over the past 5 years, China Academy of Sciences has made a series of important scientific research achievements, such as "two bombs and one satellite", and made important contributions to China's scientific and technological undertakings, national economic and social development and national defense construction. At the same time, it has recruited more than 45, graduate students and trained a large number of outstanding scientific and technological innovation talents.

In 1998, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decided to start the pilot project of knowledge innovation of China Academy of Sciences, which marked that China Academy of Sciences entered a new development period. In the past five years, our institute has been focused on the pilot project of knowledge innovation, and has been determined to innovate. All the work has developed rapidly, the team structure has been obviously optimized, the innovation ability has been significantly improved, and major innovation achievements have begun to appear. A number of major innovations have been made in basic research fields such as nanotechnology, new nuclide synthesis, plasma discharge, organic molecular clustering and free radical chemistry research, and the origin of life. A number of great achievements with strategic significance have been made in high-tech fields such as general chip development, super server, computer operating system, indirect coal liquefaction synthetic oil, high-performance robot, application system of manned spacecraft in China and national defense construction; It has made important innovative contributions to the sustainable development of society in the fields of human genome and rice genome sequencing, adult somatic cell cloning of cattle, western development, resource development and environmental protection, and industrial production of chromium salts.

in 22, our hospital put forward the policy of running the hospital in the new period, and on this basis, put forward the development strategy in the new period, and made clear the goal of our hospital in the first 2 years of this century. With the deepening of the pilot work of knowledge innovation project and the full implementation of the development strategy in the new period, China Academy of Sciences will strive to build a comprehensive national scientific research with international advanced level and international competitiveness, realize the leap-forward development of scientific and technological innovation capability, climb the world scientific peak, and constantly make fundamental, strategic and forward-looking innovative contributions to China's economic construction, national security and social development, and make historic contributions to China's comprehensive construction of a well-off society, accelerating socialist modernization and taking the lead in realizing scientific and technological modernization.

China Academy of Sciences is a national academy of scientists, a national academy of people and an integral part of the world's scientific and technological strength. We are here to report the work of China Academy of Sciences, especially the progress of the pilot project of knowledge innovation, so that the work of China Academy of Sciences can be understood, understood and supported by the whole society, so that we can make joint efforts to run China Academy of Sciences, run China's scientific and technological undertakings and make our contribution to the development of international science and technology.

Institution

China Academy of Sciences was established in November 1949. It is the highest academic institution in science and technology and the national comprehensive research and development center of natural science and high technology.

China Academy of Sciences includes 5 departments (Mathematics and Physics Department, Chemistry Department, Biology Department, Geology Department and Technology Department), 11 branches (Shenyang, Changchun, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Kunming, Xi 'an, Lanzhou, Xinjiang), 84 research institutes, 1 university, 2 colleges, 4 document and information centers, and 1 university. In addition, more than 43 scientific and technological enterprises (including transformation units) have been invested, involving 11 industries, including 8 listed companies.

Faculty

Established in 1955, the Faculty of China Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as "Faculty") is the highest consulting institution in science and technology, responsible for consulting the national science and technology development planning, planning and major scientific and technological decisions, presenting research reports on major scientific and technological issues in national economic construction and social development, making suggestions on discipline development strategies and medium-and long-term goals, and commenting and guiding academic issues in important research fields and research institutions.

The department is composed of academicians of China Academy of Sciences. Academician of China Academy of Sciences is selected from the best scientists at home and abroad, and is co-elected once every two years. At present, there are 687 academicians, including 41 foreign academicians. The highest authority of the Faculty is the General Assembly of Academicians, and its permanent leading body is the Presidium of the Faculty, with the President of China Academy of Sciences as the executive chairman. The department now has five departments: Mathematical Physics Department, Chemistry Department, Biology Department, Geology Department and Technology Department.

in the early days of the establishment of the department, academicians were organized to participate in the formulation of the Twelve-year Vision Plan for the Development of Science and Technology, which had a far-reaching impact on the development of science and technology in China. In 1986, at the suggestion of 89 academicians, China Academy of Sciences established a national natural science foundation, and on this basis, established the National Natural Science Foundation Committee. In March of the same year, four academicians, Wang Daheng, Wang Ganchang, Chen Fangyun and Yang Jiachi, jointly proposed to strengthen the research and development of high technology in China, forming a national high-tech research and development plan. In 1993, China Academy of Engineering was established at the initiative of academicians such as Wang Daheng, Shi Changxu, Zhang Guangdou, Zhang Wei, Luo Peilin and Hou Xianglin.

Author: 159.226.89.* Reply to this speech at 11: 29 on May 14, 25

---------------. Focusing on the western development, national security, population and social sustainable development, high-tech industry development, science education, discipline development strategy and other issues, the Department put forward a series of consulting reports and submitted them to the State Council and relevant government departments, which provided an important reference for the state to formulate relevant policies.

Basic scientific research

In the field of basic scientific research, China Academy of Sciences has gradually established and developed basic disciplines of natural sciences such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, mechanics, astronomy, life sciences, geoscience and environment. In the fields of mathematics, physics, chemistry, mechanics and astronomy, there are 16 research institutions, including 1 research institutes, 2 research institutes, 3 observatories and 1 time service center, with a research and management team of nearly 9, people. The University of Science and Technology of China and the Graduate School of China Academy of Sciences are also important research forces in basic science. At present, there are 4 national laboratories, 11 national key laboratories and 19 hospital key laboratories in the field of basic science in these research institutions. In the pilot work of knowledge innovation project, international research teams on quantum structure, core mathematics, polymer science and materials, interdisciplinary theoretical physics and complex systems have been launched successively. The research team mainly focuses on major scientific frontier issues, carries out original and innovative research work, and trains first-class scientists who grew up in China through the leading role of the team. In order to promote the research of nanotechnology in China, the National Nanotechnology Center will be established on the basis of the Nanotechnology Center of China Academy of Sciences, in conjunction with universities such as Peking University and Tsinghua University.

China Academy of Sciences has built major scientific engineering devices such as BEPC, HIRFL, Hefei Synchrotron Radiation Accelerator, Tokamak and laser fusion device, long-wave time service platform, and large astronomical observation equipment such as 2.16m optical telescope, multi-channel solar magnetic field telescope and meter-wave synthetic aperture radio telescope. At present, the scientific apparatus under construction includes the cooling storage ring of Lanzhou Heavy Ion Accelerator, a large-scale superconducting tokamak with non-circular cross section, a large-area multi-target optical fiber spectral astronomical telescope and a major reconstruction project of the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (including spectrometer).

In the field of basic scientific research, China Academy of Sciences has successively made many important scientific research achievements, such as mechanical proof of mathematical theorems, symplectic geometry algorithm of Hamilton system, accurate measurement of τ lepton mass, synthesis of new nuclides, supernova observation, high temperature superconductivity, preparation and application of carbon nanotubes, nonlinear optical crystals, structure and properties of transition metal clusters, and organometallic chemistry. At the same time, it has made important contributions to the research and development of China's information, energy, materials, resources, agriculture, medicine, space and national security, and the formation of scientific and technological strategic reserves. Mr. Wu Wenjun from the Institute of Mathematics and Systems Science and Mr. Huang Kun from the Institute of Semiconductors won the first (2) and the second (21) National Science and Technology Awards respectively.

Life Science and Biotechnology

In the field of life science and biotechnology research, China Academy of Sciences has 23 research institutes and research centers, 26 national and hospital key laboratories, 12 botanical gardens, 22 herbarium, 9 typical culture repositories and 11 field ecological research stations, with more than 6,8 scientific research and management teams.

Seven research institutes in Beijing focus on agricultural high technology and ecological environment research; Shanghai Institute of Life Sciences, composed of 7 research institutes (centers), focuses on population and health. Four research institutes in Southwest China have formed the Southwest Research and Development Base for Biological Resources and Biodiversity Conservation, which mainly studies biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization of biological resources. Three research institutes in Hubei focus on aquatic biology and virology and their biotechnology; In addition, there is a research institute in Qinghai and a research institute in Guangzhou, respectively, to conduct related research on biology, botany and degraded ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

In the field of life sciences, China Academy of Sciences has made many important achievements. Bovine insulin crystals and yeast alanine transfer ribonucleic acid were synthesized artificially for the first time in the world. Completed the compilation and research of 366 volumes of Chinese flora, fauna and spore flora; The most complete pteridophyte classification system in China was established. Participated in the "Human Genome Project" and completed 1% of the sequencing tasks; The frame map of rice genome and the accurate sequencing of japonica rice chromosome 4 were completed. The research on locust ecology and management, restoration ecology, pest control, crop variety breeding, aquaculture and innovative drugs has made important contributions to the country's ecological security, agricultural economic development and population and health.

in biotechnology research, important research achievements have been made, such as the production of Vc intermediates by two-step fermentation, the improvement of the enzymatic activity of koji glucoamylase and its industrial application, the genetic engineering vaccine for hepatitis B, the over-expression of genetically engineered human interferon, transgenic fish and somatic cloned cattle, and some of them have been industrialized. In the research of new drugs, * * * has created more than 5 kinds of new drugs. The antidote dimercaptosuccinic acid is the first drug copied by the United States and approved by FDA in China. Artemisinin, an antimalarial drug, is the only new drug exported by China, which was listed in the World Pharmacopoeia in 1995. The annual output value of drugs such as "Di 'ao Xinxuekang" for treating cardiovascular diseases has reached 1.4 billion yuan.

Author: 159.226.89.* Reply to this speech at 11: 29 on May 14, 25

---------------. In the field, China Academy of Sciences currently has 24 research institutes, 11 State Key Laboratories, 14 Academy Key Laboratories and 47 key field observation and test stations. Field stations belong to four networks, namely, ecosystem research, atmospheric background observation, geomagnetic station chain, special environment and disaster monitoring, and become a long-term scientific observation and research base with international level. At present, there are nearly 9, scientific research and management teams in the field of resources and environment, and it has developed into a relatively complete comprehensive research system with relatively complete disciplines.

the field of resources and environmental science involves solid earth science, atmospheric science, marine science, ecology, environmental science, geographical science and resources, remote sensing, agriculture and other key disciplines. Over the years, the vast number of scientific and technological personnel have actively faced the needs of the country and dared to climb the scientific peak, and have made important achievements in the study of early life on earth, evolutionary paleontology, international boundary stratotype, and the summary of various fossils. By studying the changes and processes of paleoenvironment in East Asia monsoon environment system, loess, karst, ice cores, lakes, paleoceanography and the influence of human activities on terrestrial ecosystems, and marine ecological dynamics, the evolution law of natural environment in East Asia has been reconstructed. Actively and effectively promoted the study of global change. Great theoretical breakthroughs have been made in the study of continental oil generation theory, geochemistry of stratabound deposits, environmental pollution mechanism of East Asian atmospheric circulation and East Asian monsoon, uplift of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and environmental effects. According to regional differentiation, surface water heat balance, element migration and transformation and ecological environment characteristics, various natural divisions, ecological environment divisions, agricultural and economic divisions have been completed, which have been widely used in national economic construction. It provides a number of practical technologies and models in desertification control, soil erosion control, transformation of low-and medium-yield fields, restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems, environmental pollution control, mariculture and marine drugs. The research results of remote sensing technology, geographic information system technology and global positioning system technology and the construction of information infrastructure make geo-information science play a more important role in government decision-making and scientific, technological, economic and social development.

High-tech research and development

In the field of high-tech research and development, China Academy of Sciences has 28 research institutes, 2 technical support units, 1 national laboratory, 43 national key laboratories and key laboratories, and more than 14,6 scientific and technical personnel. The main work involves information technology, advanced manufacturing, photoelectric technology, materials, energy, transportation, chemical engineering and space science and technology, and has made great contributions to the research of computers, lasers, synthetic rubber, "two bombs and one satellite" in China. In recent years, basic research and high-tech frontier exploration have been further strengthened in the field of high-tech research and development, and the ability of independent innovation has been continuously enhanced. At the same time, in order to strengthen the transformation ability of scientific and technological achievements and industrial supporting ability of the institute, 31 national engineering centers and hospital engineering centers have been built and managed according to the modern enterprise system, forming a high-tech enterprise group.

The tasks of high-tech research and development of China Academy of Sciences are: to engage in basic, strategic and forward-looking high-tech research related to China's economic development, national defense construction and social progress; To undertake the research and development of key technologies in major national projects and solve major scientific and technological problems urgently needed by the country; Improve China's high-tech independent innovation ability and continuously promote the development of high-tech industries. In improving China's high-tech international competitiveness, promoting the development of China's high-tech industries, solving China's economic development, China