1. The stock is a part of the ownership of the joint-stock company, and it is also the ownership certificate issued by the joint-stock company. It is a kind of securities issued by a joint-stock company to all shareholders, as a shareholding certificate to obtain dividends and bonuses. Stocks are long-term credit instruments in the capital market and can be transferred and traded. With it, shareholders can share the company's profits, but also bear the risks brought by the company's business mistakes. Each share represents the shareholder's ownership of the basic unit of the enterprise. Every listed company will issue shares.
Every stock in the same category represents the equal ownership of the company. The share of ownership of the company owned by each shareholder depends on the proportion of shares held by each shareholder to the total share capital of the company.
Stock is an integral part of the capital of a joint-stock company and can be transferred and traded. It is the main long-term credit tool in the capital market, but the company cannot be required to return its capital contribution.
2. Bond/debenture is a kind of financial contract, which is a debt certificate issued to investors when the government, financial institutions and industrial and commercial enterprises directly borrow money from the society and promise to pay interest at a certain interest rate and repay the principal according to the agreed conditions. The essence of a bond is a certificate of debt, which has legal effect. There is a creditor-debtor relationship between bond buyers or investors and issuers. Bond issuers are debtors and investors (bond buyers) are creditors.
Bond is a valuable security. Because the interest of bonds is usually determined in advance, bonds are a kind of fixed-interest securities. In countries and regions with developed financial markets, bonds can be listed and circulated.
Third, the fund, English is the fund, which generally refers to a certain amount of funds established for a certain purpose. It mainly includes trust and investment funds, provident funds, insurance funds, retirement funds and funds of various foundations.
From the accounting point of view, capital is a narrow concept, which refers to funds with specific purposes and uses. The fund we are talking about mainly refers to the securities investment fund.