Keywords: strategic execution of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, matching technological innovation
I. Introduction
The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward the "innovation-driven development strategy", which placed scientific and technological innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, highlighting the importance of scientific and technological innovation. 20 13 10, the State Council issued the Decision of the State Council on National Science and Technology Awards on 20 12 to reward scientific and technical personnel and organizations that have made outstanding contributions to China's scientific and technological progress, economic and social development and national defense modernization. From a series of measures to promote the development of science and technology in the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, we can see that science and technology are playing an increasingly important role in the economic development of China.
As a big province in central China, Anhui has developed rapidly in recent years. Its economic and technological development can be summarized as follows:
1. The growth rate of economic aggregate has accelerated. Although the total population of Anhui Province has not changed much in recent years, both GDP and fiscal revenue have increased linearly. This achievement is inseparable from scientific and technological progress. But it is undeniable that it is still relatively backward in the national ranking.
2. The number of scientific and technical personnel in Anhui Province is increasing year by year. The number of R & ampd activists and provincial academic and technical leaders has greatly increased. However, it is worth noting that there is still a contradiction between the demand for high-tech talents and the supply of talents in Anhui Province. Unit: 100 million yuan; %
Table 1 Anhui r&; D. Composition of the Fund
3. Sci-tech enterprises are the main force of scientific and technological research in Anhui Province. From the table 1, it can be seen that in recent years, the proportion of scientific research funds invested by enterprises in the province has reached more than 70%, and the total investment is still increasing year by year. This is also one of the important reasons for the existence and development of science and technology enterprises in Anhui Province.
Table 2 Number of High-tech Products in Anhui Province in 2008-2012
Table of innovation funds for small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises
4. A large amount of investment in scientific research is followed by an increase in scientific and technological output year by year, especially after 2008. Although the products of large-scale scientific and technological enterprises account for a large proportion, such as Heli and Midea, the high-tech products produced by small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises can not be underestimated, such as Opel Electromechanical and Yuning Bio.
5. Anhui province's support for scientific research and innovation of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises has increased year by year. As can be seen from the data in Table 2, since 2009, the number of innovation funds for small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises has increased substantially, which has greatly promoted the improvement of scientific research and innovation ability in Anhui Province.
Based on the data and analysis, we can see that the existence and development of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in Anhui Province is inevitable and necessary. However, due to the changeable external economic environment, rapid upgrading of science and technology, and problems in internal management, many enterprises can't keep up with the development of the times and it is difficult to embark on the right track of sustainable development. In this paper, the elements and matching of strategic execution of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in Anhui Province are studied in order to help improve this situation.
Second, the analysis of related concepts
1. Technology-based enterprises and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises.
(1) Science and technology enterprises. According to American scholars F. G. Doody and H.B. Mumster, a high-tech enterprise can be defined as a company that embodies high growth rate, high R&D expenses, high added value, strong export orientation and high-skilled labor-intensive production technology. The definition of science and technology enterprises in China is generally accepted by Lu Lijun and others. "Science and technology enterprises (high-tech enterprises) should refer to enterprises that research, develop, produce and sell high-tech products or use high-tech on a large scale. Its essential feature is that the technical content based on emerging scientific knowledge involved in the process of providing products or services to the society is relatively high. "
(2) Small and medium-sized enterprises. With the continuous development of the national economy and the continuous opening of the domestic market, more and more small and medium-sized enterprises have sprung up. They have become a force to be reckoned with in promoting China's economic development.
China has a very clear definition of SMEs. According to the documents issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in October11July, small and medium-sized enterprises are divided into three types: medium-sized, small-sized and micro-sized. Scientific research and technical services are defined as small and medium-sized enterprises with less than 300 employees. Among them, employees 100 and above are medium-sized enterprises; Small businesses with 10 or more employees; Micro enterprises with less than 10 employees.
(3) Technology-based SMEs. Small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises refer to knowledge-intensive economic entities with scientific and technological personnel as the main body, initiated or founded by scientific and technological personnel, mainly engaged in scientific research, development, production and sales of high-tech products, with commercialization of scientific and technological achievements, technical development, technical services, technical consultation and high-tech products as the main content, market-oriented, and implementing "self-financing, voluntary combination, independent operation, self-financing, self-development and self-restraint".
As for small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises, simply speaking, they are knowledge-driven rather than capital-driven, that is, the driving force of enterprises mainly depends on modern science and technology, such as software development, bioengineering, new energy and advanced manufacturing technology. Traditional enterprises mainly rely on capital, land, technology and other factors, and account for a relatively large proportion, while in small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, human resources who master modern science and technology account for a relatively large proportion, which can be vividly called "knowledge-based".
2. Strategy and strategy implementation
(1) policy. Strategy is the general program of enterprise action, and it is a comprehensive plan that shows how an enterprise can achieve its goals and accomplish its mission. It can maximize its competitive advantage and minimize its competitive disadvantage. General enterprise strategy includes company strategy, business strategy and functional strategy. Enterprise strategy includes four aspects: strategic planning, strategic formulation, strategic implementation and strategic control. Strategic planning and formulation determine the development direction of enterprises, and the implementation of strategies is related to the realization of strategic objectives.
(2) Strategic execution. Strategy execution is a complex process, which is completed by many interrelated systems inside and outside the organization. Strategic execution is the ability to achieve strategic goals by using various resources in the dynamic environment of enterprise development. The strategic execution of an enterprise can be analyzed from many aspects.
Three, Anhui Province, small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises strategic execution elements analysis
As small and medium-sized enterprises, their voice and overall strength in the whole market are relatively weak, so it is necessary to formulate and implement strategies that match the capabilities and resources of enterprises to enhance their competitive strength. Under the special background of Anhui Province, a central province, if small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises want to go out of this province and go to the whole country and even the world, they must break the geographical restrictions and obtain better development by constantly improving their innovation ability and product quality. Therefore, it is extremely important to enhance strategic execution. This paper summarizes five elements of strategic execution required by Anhui small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises from two aspects: technological innovation and corporate culture shaping. 1. Technological innovation. Technological innovation is the source of life and the foundation of development of scientific and technological enterprises. It is difficult for enterprises without innovation ability to gain a foothold in the technology market, especially small and medium-sized technology enterprises in the central market. Since 2008, the number of scientific and technological enterprises below 100 million yuan in Anhui Province has been decreasing year by year. Some of them have been upgraded to enterprises with a scale of more than 100 million yuan through innovation and development, and some have been eliminated in the competition of survival of the fittest due to insufficient innovation ability.
The technological innovation ability of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises is the core competitiveness of enterprises, which includes not only the existing innovation ability of enterprises, but also the ability of enterprises to mobilize all resources to enhance their own innovation ability and promote their own growth. Therefore, the technological innovation ability of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises consists of "existing technological innovation ability" and "potential for improving technological innovation ability". For small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in Anhui Province, it is necessary not only to improve the strategic execution by upgrading the existing technical capabilities, but also to reserve and cultivate technical talents to enhance the innovation potential of enterprises. This is the road to sustainable development of science and technology enterprises.
2. The shaping power of corporate culture. In a sense, corporate culture has become one of the important factors of the core competitiveness of enterprises. The only criterion to judge whether corporate culture will promote the development and improve the competitiveness of enterprises is whether corporate culture improves the execution of enterprises. Therefore, for any enterprise, the shaping power of corporate culture is particularly important, and it is no exception for small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in Anhui Province.
The shaping of corporate culture needs a long-term process, not a short-term effective "specific medicine". Therefore, many technology-based enterprises generally regard technology as their life, but attach far less importance to corporate culture than technology. By inquiring the websites of many small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in Anhui Province, it is found that many small and medium-sized enterprises have not formed their own unique corporate culture, which is unfavorable to the sustainable development of enterprises.
3. Senior leaders of the company. Small and medium-sized enterprises, because of their small scale and relatively concentrated business scope, have relatively great influence on management decisions. The personal leadership of enterprise top managers, especially entrepreneurs, plays an extremely important role in the implementation of enterprise strategy. In most small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in Anhui Province, limited liability company is the main enterprise form. Affected by this form, the company's top management has greater autonomy in decision-making. However, the lack of market and public opinion supervision, this autonomy also poses a greater challenge to the leadership of the top management of enterprises.
The leadership of top managers in enterprises includes organizational ability, analysis and decision-making ability, cohesion ability of employees, learning ability and so on. The combination of these abilities can give birth to an efficient enterprise senior manager. Excellent senior leaders of enterprises can effectively enhance the strategic execution of enterprises.
4. Corporate financial support. Finance is the lifeblood of an enterprise, so financial support is one of the important components of strategy implementation. Small and medium-sized enterprises are called small and medium-sized enterprises mainly because of their small total assets and less liquidity. Therefore, small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in Anhui Province are facing greater risks and challenges.
The financial support of enterprises is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the financial support of scientific and technological innovation. Secondly, financial support for talent introduction and training. Third, the financial support of corporate culture shaping.
5. Interpretation of national policies. Small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises below 100 million yuan account for more than half of the total number of scientific and technological enterprises in Anhui Province, and their output is also increasing year by year, which can be said to be an indispensable force to promote the sustainable economic development of Anhui Province. However, this enterprise group is still in a weak position in the whole market. Difficulties in financing, insufficient innovation motivation and inadequate national policy support have been plaguing its development. Although Anhui Province has issued relevant policies in recent years and set up special funds to support the innovation of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises, it cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Self-help and self-development of enterprises are very important.
It can be one of the development means of this enterprise group to interpret the relevant policies of the state on small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises and formulate development strategies. The right to interpret national policies of enterprises includes three aspects: first, the right to pay attention to national policies, that is, enterprises must have the driving force to pay attention to national policies; Second, we can interpret the tilt direction of relevant national policies; Third, it has the ability to formulate strategic objectives according to relevant policies and implement them effectively.
Fourth, the matching analysis of strategic execution of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in Anhui Province
Strong strategic execution shows that an enterprise can control its business to run at a higher efficiency than its competitors with standardized and standardized processes, which is the basis for an enterprise to gain competitive advantage and the cornerstone for its survival. It can be said that only the correct implementation can make the strategy land, only the accurate implementation can make the strategy implement, and only the strict implementation can make the organization run. As a special enterprise group, small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in Anhui Province, the matching degree between their strategic implementation and strategic objectives will greatly affect the effect of strategic implementation.
1. Pay more attention to technology than management. This is a common problem in science and technology enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises. First of all, the low matching degree between the organizational structure of the enterprise and the enterprise strategy has affected the effective implementation of the strategic objectives. Secondly, the matching degree between the quality of enterprise managers and enterprise strategy is low, and managers' thoughts and actions can't keep up with the formulation and implementation of enterprise strategy, which often forms obstacles to enterprise development. Thirdly, the matching degree between enterprise management system and enterprise strategy is low, and the formulation and implementation of management system of most small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises are arbitrary, which makes it difficult to effectively match the strategic objectives of enterprises.
2. Emphasize that authority is higher than human nature. Due to the particularity of the industry, the management and grass-roots employees of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises have more or less worship of authority. In this case, it is difficult for enterprises to form a fair and enlightened decision-making environment. In addition, the leader's monopoly on decision-making power will also affect the strategic execution. Small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in Anhui Province are mainly limited liability companies, which are more likely to breed authoritative business leaders, whose arbitrariness seriously affects the development of enterprises.
3. The brain drain of skilled personnel is serious. In the previous part, this paper analyzes the importance of technical talents in science and technology enterprises. However, at present, a difficult problem faced by small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in Anhui Province is the high turnover rate of technical talents. There are many reasons for this problem, such as high work pressure, lower salary than expected, poor working environment, etc., which may all lead to employees leaving their jobs. The lack of technical talents will greatly reduce the strategic execution of enterprises.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that there is still much room for improvement in the strategic execution of science and technology SMEs in Anhui Province. Enterprises should gradually improve and perfect the above problems to promote the matching of strategic execution and strategic objectives.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) abstract
The sustainable development of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in Anhui province needs the joint efforts of enterprises inside and outside. The external force is mainly the support of the relevant policies and funds of the state and provincial governments, and the internal force is mainly the strategic execution of enterprises. For enterprises, it is not enough to set strategic goals, but also to have good strategic execution to match them. This paper starts with the environment of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in Anhui Province, and analyzes the elements of strategic execution of this enterprise group and its matching with strategic objectives, which has certain practical significance. However, there are some obvious shortcomings in this paper, such as careless analysis of some contents and rough data processing.
In a word, the small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in Anhui Province have good development prospects, but they need to go all out within the enterprises to fully control the planning, formulation, implementation and control of the strategy, so as to enhance their competitive strength at home and abroad and help the economic construction and development of Anhui Province and even the whole country.
What are the tiered funds?