Lithium battery refers to a kind of battery with lithium metal or lithium alloy as positive/negative electrode material and non-aqueous electrolyte solution. 19 12 lithium metal battery was first put forward and studied by Gilbert N.Lewis, and was put forward and studied by M.S.Whittingham in 1970s. Because the chemical characteristics of lithium metal are very active, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high requirements for the environment.
Lithium batteries can be roughly divided into two categories: lithium metal batteries and lithium ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries contain no metallic lithium and can be charged. Lithium metal battery, the fifth generation product of rechargeable battery, was born in 1996. Its safety, specific capacity, self-discharge rate and cost performance are better than those of lithium-ion batteries. Due to its own high-tech requirements, only a few countries' companies are producing this kind of lithium metal battery.
Lithium batteries were first used in pacemakers. The advantages of lithium battery, such as extremely low self-discharge rate and gentle discharge voltage, make the pacemaker implanted in human body run for a long time without charging. Lithium batteries generally have a nominal voltage higher than 3.0 volts, which is more suitable for integrated circuit power supply. Manganese dioxide batteries are widely used in calculators, digital cameras and watches.