100 Basic Concepts of Medical Testing Professional Knowledge Medical testing is a discipline that uses modern physical and chemical methods and means to conduct medical diagnosis. It mainly studies how to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment through laboratory technology and medical equipment.
Below are 100 basic concepts of medical testing expertise that I have brought to you. Welcome to read.
1. Toxic particles are thick purple-black particles that appear in neutrophils during severe infections.
2. Heme is the pigment part of hemoglobin, consisting of iron atoms and protoporphyrin regions.
3. Stippled red blood cells: The remaining basophilic substances in red blood cells are the result of RNA denaturation and precipitation.
4. Neutrophil nuclei shift to the left, neutrophils and rod-shaped granulocytes increase in peripheral blood (late, intermediate, promyelocytes and even myeloblasts appear).
5. Blood type is a genetic trait of human blood, which refers to the difference in red blood cell antigens.
6. ABO blood group antibodies are generally divided into two categories; natural antibodies and immune antibodies, both of which are produced through immunity.
7. Pathological proteinuria. Proteinuria that continues to exceed 0.15g/d is often pathological and is a reliable indicator of kidney disease.
8. Renal tubular proteinuria is caused by the normal glomerular filtration membrane, but the normally filtered protein in the original urine cannot be fully absorbed by the renal tubules.
9. Benedictine protein is a light chain monomer or dimer of immunoglobulin, which is an incomplete antibody globulin.
It often appears in the urine of patients with stem myeloma and has diagnostic significance.
10. Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells between immature red blood cells and mature red blood cells.
11. Wright's dye is a composite dye composed of the acidic dye eosin and the basic dye methylene blue. After being dissolved in methanol, it dissociates into positively charged methylene blue and negatively charged eosin ions.
12. Atypical lymphocytes: Lymphocytes proliferate and undergo certain morphological changes under the stimulation of certain viral infections or allergens, which are called atypical lymphocytes.
13. Degenerative white blood cells: White blood cells show changes such as cell body enlargement, blurred structure, unclear edges, nuclear pyknosis, swelling or dissolution.
14. Nuclear right shift. More than 3% of peripheral blood neutrophils with five-lobed nuclei or above are called nuclear right shift. Provided by netizens of the Medical Education Network Forum.
15. Lupus erythematosus cells: LE factors exist in the blood (body fluids) of SLE patients, which can depolymerize the nuclear DNA of affected leukocytes in vitro to form free homogeneous bodies, which are engulfed by leukocytes with phagocytic ability.
16. Intrinsic coagulation system refers to the activation of coagulation initiating response factor XII, the formation of the IXa-PF3-VIII-Ca complex and the activation of factor X.
17. Extrinsic coagulation system refers to the activation of factor VII and the activation of factor III by tissue thromboplastin released after tissue damage, which is characterized by initiating the extrinsic coagulation pathway.
18. Solid-phase activation of blood coagulation refers to the process in which factor XII comes into contact with a charged surface and is activated into XIIa (simply: XIIa activation process).
19. Liquid phase activation of hemagglutination refers to the feedback effect of rapid activation of XIIa after kallikrein is converted into kallikrein, also known as enzyme activation.
20.Rh blood type. The red blood cells contain the same antigen as the rhesus monkey red blood cells. This is provided by forum users of the Rh Blood Type Medical Education Network.
21. The osmotic pressure difference is the driving force for the reabsorption of water in the body, and the concentration difference and potential difference are the driving force for the reabsorption of some solutes.
22. True diabetes: It is caused by a relative or absolute lack of insulin secretion, which reduces the utilization of glucose by various tissues in the body.
23. Renal glycosuria means that blood sugar is at a normal level, due to the reduced ability of the renal tubules to reabsorb sugar.
24. Hemoglobinuria refers to the phenomenon that when intravascular hemolysis occurs, the hemoglobin produced exceeds the binding capacity of haptoglobin and appears in the urine.
25. Chyluria means that urine contains lymph fluid and has a milky appearance, which is called chyluria.