Introduction to Wolong Nature Reserve 1. Overview The nature reserve was founded in 1963 and is one of the earliest nature reserves established in my country.
Wolong Nature Reserve is a comprehensive national nature reserve that mainly protects alpine ecosystems and rare species such as giant pandas, golden monkeys, and Davidia involucrata.
In 1980, it joined the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve Network; in 1981, it cooperated with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to establish the "China Conservation and Research Center for Giant Pandas" in Wolong, and designated the Wuyipeng Field Observation Station as a Chinese and foreign Cooperate to establish an ecological observation and research base for giant pandas; in 1982, we established the largest "Animal and Plant Specimen Exhibition Hall" in a nature reserve in my country.
Wolong has become a nature reserve of world significance, occupying an important position and enjoying a high reputation among domestic and foreign nature reserves.
It is one of the main distribution areas of giant pandas in my country. The wild population accounts for more than 10% of the country's total. It is China's largest giant panda reserve. The number of captive giant pandas accounts for approximately 40% of the world's population, and it has the world's largest captive breeding population. .
Due to changes in natural history such as paleogeography and paleoclimate, this area has become the intersection of the east-west and north-south boundaries of my country's wildlife. Therefore, many ancient relic species and endemic species have been preserved and have enjoyed good survival and survival here. Reproduction conditions fully reflect species diversity, genetic diversity and ecological diversity, and because human influence is relatively weak, it provides a good environment for the survival and reproduction of a variety of organisms.
The reserve is not only rich in giant pandas, but also preserves rich biological species, a large number of relict species, an obviously complete vertical vegetation spectrum, and a unique alpine system. It is known as the "Hometown of Pandas" and "Broad Spectrum of Nature"
Gene data bank".
At the same time, Wolong Nature Reserve is also a key area for biodiversity conservation in my country and an important base for in-situ ecosystem protection.
2. Natural geographical location Wolong Nature Reserve is located on the eastern slope of the Qionglai Mountains in Sichuan, in the high mountains and deep valleys transitioning from the Chengdu Plain to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in the southeastern part of the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, at 102°52'-103°24' east longitude and 30° north latitude.
45'-31°25'.
It is 52 kilometers long from east to west and 62 kilometers wide from north to south, with a protected area of ??200,000 hectares.
3. Resource overview According to preliminary statistics of collected specimens, there are nearly 4,000 species of wild plants, accounting for 40% of the total number of plants in Sichuan.
There are approximately 217 families, 814 genera, and 1,989 species of higher plants.
Among them, there are 174 species of bryophytes, accounting for about 8.29% of the total number in Sichuan; there are about 30 families, 70 genera, and 191 species of ferns, accounting for about 7.35% of the national species, accounting for about 26.98% of the total number in Sichuan; 6 families and 10 genera of gymnosperms.
20 species, accounting for approximately 8.4% of the total in the country and approximately 20.0% of the total in Sichuan; there are 1,604 species of angiosperms in 135 families, 632 genera.
Accounting for approximately 6.6% of the total nationwide and approximately 18.98% of the total in Sichuan.
Listed as nationally protected rare and endangered plants, there are 24 species in this area.
This area is very rich in resource plants.
The 10,000 acres of Davidia involucrata forest in the reserve is rare in the country.
In addition to wood, there are about 870 species of medicinal plants, accounting for about 25% of the total in Sichuan, 80 species of oil plants, 42 species of starch and sugar plants, 60 species of fiber plants, 42 species of tannin plants, and aromatic plants
28 species.
In addition, the reserve has 8 species of bamboo that are edible for giant pandas, covering an area of ??nearly 6,000ha, providing superior conditions for the survival and reproduction of giant pandas.
According to the existing statistics of wildlife, there are about 450 species of higher animals in this area, including 96 species of mammals, accounting for about 52% of the total number of survivors; 283 species of birds, accounting for about 52% of the total number of survivors, which are the transition between northern and southern birds.
The zone is comparable to some tropical rainforests in Southeast Asia that are rich in bird resources; there are 15 species of amphibians; 20 species of reptiles; 6 species of fish; and about 1,700 species of insects.
Wild animals are not only rich in resources, but also have complex fauna. There are species from the Oriental Kingdom distributed at low and medium altitudes, such as macaques, clouded leopards, sambar deer, civets, civets, golden pheasants and other southern animals that like temperature and humidity.
There are also Palearctic species distributed in subalpine coniferous forests, especially above the forest line.
Such as white-lipped deer, blue sheep, horse musk deer, rabbit macaque, snow leopard and other cold-resistant plateau and northern animals.
Among them, 56 species are listed as nationally protected animals.
4. Socio-economic overview Wolong and Gengda townships in the reserve are home to four ethnic groups: Tibetan, Qiang, Han and Hui. Most of them are farmers, mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry.
The total population of the region is about 5,000, of which 4,354 are agricultural people, accounting for 91.2% of the total population; among the rural population, ethnic minorities account for more than 80%.
The mountains in the area are high in altitude, the terrain is complex, and the cultivated land area is small. According to the 1997 land survey data, the area of ??agricultural land in the area is 3,203 hectares, accounting for 1.6% of the total area; the area of ??forestry land is 113,800 hectares, accounting for 56.9%; and the area of ??pastoral land is 113,800 hectares.
, 7500 hectares of alpine flowstone beaches and alpine frozen zones account for 37.5%; other 7985.3% hectares account for 4%.