Not long ago, the the State Council executive meeting deployed to promote the transformation of old urban communities, which will involve hundreds of millions of residents across the country. What should be changed in the old community? How to change it? What impact will it bring? The reporter conducted an interview.
Policy of benefiting the people in one fell swoop
-It is not only a livelihood project, but also a measure to promote consumption and stabilize investment, and will also promote urban renewal.
What people commonly call "shabby and small" will be the focus of this transformation.
Yan Huang, vice minister of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, said that the old urban community refers to the residential community with long construction time, aging municipal supporting facilities and lack of public services. According to the investigation and pilot situation, these communities may have been built for more than 20 years. After a preliminary investigation, there are 1.7 million old urban communities that need to be rebuilt, involving hundreds of millions of residents.
At present, several kinds of problems in old residential areas are more prominent.
First, the pipe network is dilapidated, water supply and drainage, power grid, gas and optical fiber. These facilities are either missing or seriously aging, and the people's reaction is very strong.
Second, the lack of public services, the early construction of these communities, cultural entertainment, fitness, motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles are inconvenient to store and other issues. Especially now, many residents in old communities are aging, and the call for facilities such as elevators has been around for a long time.
Third, without property management, the public environment is generally poor. Including road damage, disorder, illegal construction, etc. These problems directly affect the living feelings of residents in the community.
At the end of 20 17, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development carried out pilot projects for the renovation of old residential areas in Xiamen, Guangzhou and other cities 15. By the end of 20 18, a total of 59,000 households had benefited from the renovation of old urban areas in pilot cities. "The practice of pilot cities has proved that the transformation of old urban residential areas not only helps residents improve their basic living conditions, but also effectively enhances the people's sense of happiness, acquisition and security. It is also an important measure to expand investment and stimulate domestic demand. " Yan Huang said.
According to Ren Xingzhou, a researcher at the State Council Development Research Center, the implementation of the transformation of old urban residential areas is out of practical needs and has multiple important meanings. "In this year's government work report, the transformation of old urban communities was deployed. This will first help solve people's livelihood problems. In recent years, the living standards of residents have improved, but a large number of old houses in the city have many shortcomings such as insufficient facilities and incomplete functions. "
Ren Xingzhou told this reporter that the renovation of old residential areas can not only solve people's livelihood problems, but also expand consumption, drive indoor renovation of residents and meet the needs of people's consumption upgrading. At the same time, hydropower road facilities, parking lots and elevators will be built. Will drive a lot of investment, and then stimulate the market demand for industrial products such as steel, cement, glass, cables and construction machinery. In addition, from the perspective of urbanization development, the transformation of old residential areas can also promote the renewal and function improvement of the city, and improve the situation that there were many high-rise buildings in appearance but the internal functions were not perfect in the past. From the international experience, urban renewal is also the need of urban development to a certain stage.
As far as investment is concerned, Chou Baoxing, a counselor of the State Council, pointed out in a previous article that according to a preliminary estimate, the total investment in old residential areas that need comprehensive renovation in China cities and towns can be as high as 4 trillion yuan. If the transformation period is five years, the annual new investment can reach about 800 billion yuan or more.
This is not just a building renovation.
-basic, promotion and public services are guaranteed, and there are many menu options, which are negotiated by the residents of the community.
China has a vast territory, with developed areas and underdeveloped areas. The conditions for the transformation of old urban communities in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions are different, and the demands of the masses are also different. How to promote the transformation work?
"At the central level, do a good job in the top-level design of policies, determine the principles of the scope of transformation, and specifically stipulate that all localities should formulate according to local conditions." Yan Huang said. At present, the content of transformation can be divided into three categories: basic maintenance, promotion and improvement of community public services.
Ensure the maintenance and improvement of basic supporting facilities, such as municipal infrastructure such as water, electricity, gas and roads directly related to residents' lives. This year, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development also instructed all localities to carry out garbage sorting, and the supporting facilities of related facilities also served as the basic content. In the northern region, heating facilities may need to be repaired.
Upgrade infrastructure-including community elevators, parking lots, activity rooms, property rooms and other public places, where conditions permit. With the improvement of living standards, residents' demands will be raised again. At present, it is also encouraged to build some upgraded infrastructure during the transformation.
Improve public services-including improving community facilities such as old-age care, child care, cultural rooms, medical care, food assistance, housekeeping, express delivery, convenience and convenience stores. These contents will improve the basic public environment of the community and belong to non-public or semi-public and market-oriented options.
At present, Hebei Province, Guangzhou and other regions have announced plans for the renovation of old residential areas. For example, the Three-year (20 18-2020) Action Plan for Renovation of Old Residential Quarters in Guangzhou proposes that by 2020, Guangzhou will complete the renovation of 779 old residential quarters, and define 60 renovation contents of public parts and building use parts of residential quarters, specifically, "whether to change", "what to change" and "how to change".
The reporter learned that the residential areas that are currently being renovated or have been renovated will generally make a list according to the actual needs of the residential areas for residents to check. On the basis of residents' wishes, we will start with the most urgent and pressing problems and gradually improve the community environment. This also means that the renovation of old residential areas is a complex systematic project, which especially needs the consultation and understanding of residents in residential areas, and also puts forward requirements for the overall coordination ability of grassroots.
"The transformation of old residential areas does face some practical problems, but from the urban practice that has been piloted, it is acceptable for everyone to explain the significance, purpose, requirements and conditions of the transformation to residents." Ren Xingzhou said that from the construction and renovation of the community to the subsequent management and maintenance, the renovation of the old community is a systematic project. From a national perspective, its implementation must not be "one size fits all", but there must be local methods, even community methods, to encourage the exploration of innovative ways within the scope of legal compliance.
"Everyone gathers firewood and the flame is high" to promote transformation
-"Give more to residents, give more social support and give more financial subsidies", raise funds through multiple channels, and more investment and financing innovations are on the way.
In the renovation of old residential areas, there is a key question-where does the money come from?
"Residents give more, social support is more, and financial subsidies are more," said Yan Huang, who is currently promoting multi-channel fund-raising. However, when the cost of renovation, future operating costs, the cost of providing urban public services to community residents and the cost of providing community public services add up, the total scale of capital demand is very large.
How can various forces "do their best" on the issue of funds? In Ren Xingzhou's view, it is necessary to classify the contents of the renovation of old residential areas and determine the source of funds according to different renovation matters. Ren Xingzhou said that infrastructure projects, such as water, electricity, gas, roads and pipe networks, are part of municipal infrastructure and should be mainly borne by government funds; Lifting facilities, such as installing elevators, can be partly subsidized by the government and partly shared by the residents of the community, and arranged according to the actual situation of each community; Increase functional types, such as pension, child care, food aid, medical care, property management, etc. Market-oriented mechanism can be introduced and operated by social funds. At the same time, the public maintenance funds of some communities can also be put into use. Chou Baoxing pointed out that at present, there are about 500 billion housing maintenance funds in China, which are deposited in the accounts of finance and housing management bureaus at all levels.
From the practice in some areas, different sources of funds bear different transformation contents. For example, Hebei Province's Three-year Action Plan for Renovation of Old Residential Areas (20 18-2020) shows that 5,739 old residential areas will be renovated, and * * * needs renovation funds12.96 billion yuan. Among them, the social financing is about165438+700 million yuan, of which the municipal concession unit is about 650 million yuan, which is mainly responsible for the reconstruction and line layout of underground pipe networks for water, electricity, gas, heating and communication; The original property unit of the community can raise about 520 million yuan, mainly undertaking the transformation of the "three supplies and one industry" separation community. Individual residents can raise about 560 million yuan, mainly for the renovation of roofs, corridors, unit access control and other buildings. The remaining 1, 654,38+0.23 billion yuan was raised by the municipal and county governments, mainly responsible for the renovation projects of old residential areas such as safety facilities, perfect residential functions and environmental improvement.
Does this mean that finance still dominates? The State Council executive meeting specifically pointed out that it is necessary to innovate the investment and financing mechanism. This year, the central subsidy funds will be arranged for the transformation of the old city. Encourage financial institutions and localities to actively explore and increase financial support for the transformation of old residential areas in a sustainable way. Attract social forces to participate in a market-oriented way. It is understood that all localities will explore this proposition, but we should pay attention to making the mechanism sustainable, while preventing risks and increasing local debts.
With the warming of the transformation of old urban communities, many people are concerned about what impact this will have on the housing market. Ren Xingzhou said that the renovation of old residential areas has improved facilities, upgraded functions and supplemented some shortcomings, which will obviously improve the quality of existing housing, promote the living, trading and turnover of existing housing, and then promote the release of residents' improved needs, which is conducive to the formation of a virtuous circle between the second-hand housing market and the new housing market, and is conducive to the overall healthy development of the housing market. Of course, the renovation of old residential areas is mainly aimed at houses built before 2000. The main purpose is to improve the living standards of residents and will not have much impact on the real estate market.