Plant characteristics Yangshuo kumquat, also known as kumquat, belongs to Rutaceae and is a famous fruit viewing plant. Especially in Guangdong and Hong Kong, many people buy them for good luck during the Spring Festival. Kumquat is an evergreen shrub. Flowers are solitary, white and fragrant. Most fruits are oval, golden yellow and shiny, and some varieties are edible. Mainly by grafting.
Nutritional value Yangshuo kumquat fruit is rich in vitamin A, which can prevent pigmentation, improve skin luster and elasticity, slow down aging and avoid skin relaxation and wrinkling. 80% of vitamin C in kumquat is stored in the peel, which is very effective for liver detoxification, eye care and immune system health care, and kumquat peel is sweeter than pulp.
Medicinal value "Compendium of Materia Medica": "Lowering qi and increasing diaphragm, quenching thirst and relieving hangover, and removing peculiar smell. Peyoujia。”
"Life Taste Diet Spectrum": "Wake up the spleen, remove filth, eliminate phlegm and promote digestion."
China drug description: "It can treat chest pain, palpitation, vomiting, loss of appetite, hangover and so on. And it can also cure whooping cough. "
Records of Zhejiang Medicinal Plants: "Regulating Qi to relieve depression, resolving phlegm and sobering up."
Yangshuo kumquat is not only beautiful, but its fruit is rich in vitamin C, kumquat glycoside and other ingredients, which plays a certain role in maintaining cardiovascular function and preventing arteriosclerosis, hypertension and other diseases. Yangshuo kumquat can enhance the cold resistance of human body, prevent and treat colds and reduce blood lipids. Suitable for people with chest tightness and qi stagnation, who don't think about diet, or who are full, drunk and thirsty; It is suitable for acute and chronic tracheitis, hepatitis, cholecystitis and hypertension. It has special effects on treating eye diseases, cough, asthma and preventing arteriosclerosis.
Candied kumquat, as a dietetic health product, can stimulate appetite, quench thirst by drinking kumquat juice, and treat cough by adding radish juice and pear juice. Kumquat is sweet and warm, and can regulate qi, relieve depression and resolve phlegm. Its medicinal method is: treating chronic bronchitis, and stewing kumquat and crystal sugar in water. Kumquat, burnt malt and burnt hawthorn are decocted with water to treat dyspepsia. Chronic hepatitis can be treated by decocting kumquat and Scutellaria barbata into thick juice and adding sugar. Stomach cold pain can be decocted with kumquat and Evodia rutaecarpa. Cooked kumquat, Pogostemon rugosa and ginger can treat common cold and nausea, while decocted kumquat and Codonopsis pilosula instead of tea can prevent miscarriage.
People with spleen deficiency and qi deficiency should not eat more, and diabetic patients should not eat more. Don't eat anything with a broken tongue and sore gums.
The medicinal value of kumquat in Yangshuo can be summarized into ten functions:
1, Yangshuo kumquat has the effect of relieving cough, resolving phlegm and moistening lung.
2, Yangshuo kumquat has the effect of benefiting qi and strengthening the spleen.
3, Yangshuo kumquat has the effect of digestion and stomach.
4, Yangshuo kumquat can enhance the cold resistance of the human body and prevent colds.
5, Yangshuo kumquat has the effect of sobering up and quenching thirst.
6. Yangshuo Kumquat has the functions of lowering blood fat, lowering blood pressure, preventing arteriosclerosis and lowering blood pressure. Because kumquat is rich in vitamin P, it is an important nutrient to maintain blood vessel health.
7. Yangshuo kumquat has the effects of preventing pigmentation, caring skin and delaying aging. Because kumquat is rich in vitamin a.
8. Yangshuo kumquat peel plays an auxiliary role in improving liver detoxification function, eye health care and immune system health care.
9. Kumquat seeds can be used as medicine to treat eye diseases, lymph node tuberculosis and pharyngitis.
10, kumquat root, has the effect of promoting qi circulation and resolving hard mass, and can treat stomachache, vomiting, hernia, etc.
Yangshuo County is located in the northeast of Guangxi, south-central of Guilin, and between 2413 ′ and 25 40 ′ north latitude. It connects the suburbs of Guilin and lingchuan county in the north, Gongcheng County in the east, Lingui County and Yongfu County in the west, and Lipu County in the south, with a maximum east-west span of 565,438+0.5 km and a maximum north-south span of 62km. Yangshuo County is located in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, which is rich in heat, abundant in rainfall, abundant in sunshine, mild and humid, with four distinct seasons. The karst areas and low-altitude areas in the county are long in summer and short in winter, while the northeast and southwest areas are long in winter and short in summer, with moderate spring and autumn. This unique climate, water and soil conditions are very beneficial to the production of kumquat. The central, eastern and southern parts of the county are flat and have good water resources, which is the most important grain-producing area. Baisha Town is located in the middle of the county seat, with hilly area of 150km in Fiona Fang, gentle slope, deep soil layer and high potassium content, and it is the central production area of Yangshuo kumquat.
Historical Origin Yangshuo County is the largest kumquat producing area in China, known as the hometown of kumquat and the first kumquat county in China. Yangshuo kumquat is famous at home and abroad for its large fruit shape, excellent quality, fragrant color and good health care. It has been planted for 1.4 years.
Before 1980s, the planting area of kumquat in Yangshuo County was small. Only planted in Baisha town, the yield is low and the price is low.
Since 1990s, the kumquat industry in Yangshuo has developed rapidly and gradually formed a scale. In addition to Baisha town, the planting area of other towns and villages has also been increasing.
Since 200 1, Yangshuo County has issued a series of documents and measures, such as "Several Opinions on Further Strengthening Agricultural Work in the County", and has increased its support for agricultural industries with advantages and characteristics year by year, and established special funds for agricultural development, reaching 45 million yuan at 20 1 1. Every year, the funds for agricultural development are listed as the key financial industry supported by the county. With an investment of 50 million yuan, the hardening construction tasks of 52km Kumquat Baili New Village Grade IV cement road and 72km 60 natural village roads were completed, which changed the history of selling kumquat by shoulders and bicycles in mountainous areas. Invest 5 million yuan to establish a water-saving irrigation system for kumquat drip irrigation in mountainous areas.
Since 200 1, Yangshuo county has organized and implemented the research on the comprehensive cultivation technology of kumquat with high yield and high quality (namely, the "three avoidance" technology of rain, cold and sun protection), which has achieved success and broken through the bottleneck that has long restricted the development of kumquat industry. The local planting standards of kumquat in Yangshuo were formulated, pollution-free high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of kumquat were comprehensively popularized, and the national kumquat standardized production demonstration park and the "three-avoidance technology" demonstration park in the whole region were created, which guided farmers to carry out the activities of "creating kumquat brand and protecting kumquat brand", and guided fruit farmers to set up 63 kumquat professional cooperatives and registered 45 kumquat trademarks. Established the largest professional fruit wholesale market in Guilin, covering an area of 250 mu, with an investment of 65.438+0.5 billion yuan, and more than 400 merchants engaged in kumquat purchase, and sold Yangshuo kumquat products to all parts of the country. There are three foam box factories and one plastic basket factory. The boxes and baskets produced can not only meet the demand of Baisha market, but also supply the fruit market in surrounding counties.
Since 2003, Yangshuo County has held the Kumquat Fair every year to commend "Top Ten Kumquat Growers" and "Top Ten Kumquat Sellers". At the same time, with the help of the platform of ASEAN Expo, Yangshuo Kumquat was introduced to ten ASEAN countries.
The production situation is 20 1 1 year. The planting area of kumquat in Yangshuo is over 6.5438+0 million mu, with a total output value of over 65.438+0 billion yuan and an average output value of 6.5438+0 million yuan per mu.
By the end of 20 12, the planting area of kumquat in Yangshuo County had reached 10533 hectares, which was 6 times of that in 2000. The total output was 162000 tons, the output value was13.5 billion yuan, and the per capita net income was/kloc-0.
In 20 14, the yield of kumquat in Yangshuo increased from more than 20,000 mu in 2004 to 18 1000 mu, and the yield per mu increased from 1500 kg to more than 2,300 kg. The county's annual output reached 210.6 million tons, and the annual output value increased from 200 million yuan to10.50 billion yuan.
In 20 16, the planting area of kumquat in Yangshuo County was188,000 mu, with an annual total output of 30 1 10,000 tons and an output value of 2010.2 billion yuan, which were sold to the whole country, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and exported to Russia and ASEAN countries.
Product Honor In 2000, Yangshuo Kumquat was rated as the first batch of famous brand agricultural products by Guilin.
200 1, Yangshuo Kumquat was rated as "famous brand product" at China International Agricultural Expo.
In 2002, Yangshuo Kumquat was recognized as a pollution-free production base of 10,000 mu by Guangxi Autonomous Region.
In 2003, Yangshuo Kumquat was recognized as "the first batch of pollution-free agricultural products in China" by the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Product Quality Certification Committee.
20 1 1, Yangshuo Kumquat won the titles of "20 1 1 China Public Brand of Agricultural Products Favored by Consumers" and "Top Ten Famous Products Favored by the Public" in Guilin.
20111February, Yangshuo County won the title of "National Agricultural Standardization Demonstration County" (demonstration product: kumquat).
In 20 15, at the first fruit brand conference in China, Yangshuo Kumquat won the title of "Top 50 China Popular Fruit Brands in 20 15".
In 20 16, yangshuo kumquat won the title of top ten quality and credibility landmark brands in the national fruit and vegetable industry.
2019165438+1October 15, Yangshuo kumquat was selected in the catalogue of agricultural brands in China.
The scope of protection of geographical indication areas The scope of protection of geographical indication products of Yangshuo Kumquat is subject to the scope proposed in the Notice on Delineating the Geographical Origin of Yangshuo Kumquat Products (No.28 [2005] of Yangshuo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region), which is the administrative area under the jurisdiction of Yangshuo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
Variety with quality and technical requirements (1)
The variety of big gold bullets in gold bullets.
(2) Site conditions
Below 750 meters above sea level, the soil parent material is sandy loam developed from siliceous rocks or sandy shale, and the organic matter content is ≥1.0%; The relative groundwater level is greater than 1.0m, and the pH value is 5.0-6.5.
(3) Cultivation management
1. Seedling propagation: seedling propagation and grafting propagation are adopted.
(1) Seedling raising: collect seeds from excellent single plants and pure varieties without quarantine diseases and insect pests, and sow them to raise seedlings.
(2) Grafting seedlings: selecting the rootstock or rootstock of Fructus Aurantii, collecting branches as scions from excellent mother trees and purebred trees without quarantine diseases and insect pests, and grafting to raise seedlings.
2. Planting: The planting density per hectare is ≤ 1650 plants, and the planting time is from February to March every year.
3. Soil management and fertilization: deep ploughing, soil improvement and tree tray mulching are carried out in orchards. Fertilization is mainly based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. Fertilization amount of organic fertilizer: ≥30 tons/hectare.
4. Shaping and pruning: the shaping adopts multi-branch semi-circular head shape or natural cylindrical shape; Pruning is mainly based on thinning to ensure ventilation and light transmission of the crown.
5. Cover the crown with plastic film to keep the tree fresh: in the early stage of fruit coloring in the middle and late June, 65438+ 10, cover the crown with plastic film for rain-proof cultivation to prevent the fruit from cracking and falling off until the fruit is harvested.
(4) fruit harvesting and grading
Fruits were harvested in batches from June165438+1October. Harvest ripe fruits first, and then classify them according to the following standards.
Kumquat grading table
grade
project
Excellent results
Level a
assistant
Fruit shape
rectification
Oval or oval in shape.
rectification
Ellipse or oval ellipse
Round and neat in shape
rectification
Oval or ovoid, no obvious deformity.
colour and lustre
Orange or orange
Orantis
Brightly colored
Coloring consistency
Orantis
Nice color
Uniform coloring
Orange, light yellow and yellow-green are allowed, but they shall not exceed a quarter of the total surface area of the fruit.
Weight of single fruit (g)
≥22
≥ 18
≥ 14
(5) Quality characteristics
1. Sensory characteristics: smooth skin, small and dense oil cells, oval or oval fruit shape, orange-yellow to orange-red fruit color, special kumquat fragrance, crisp skin and sweet pulp residue.
2. Physical and chemical indexes: soluble solid content ≥ 13%, total acid content ≤0.8%, solid-acid ratio ≥ 15.0: 1, edible rate ≥95%, excellent single fruit weight ≥ 22g, first-class single fruit weight ≥1.
Producers who use geographical indication products of kumquat in Yangshuo as special signs may apply to the Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision of Yangshuo County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region for the use of "special signs for geographical indication products", which shall be approved by the AQSIQ.