Japan's pension insurance system consists of national pension insurance and generous pension. National endowment insurance, also known as basic endowment insurance, is compulsory insurance for all citizens over 20 and under 65. The welfare pension for the elderly is an annuity added on the basis of the national endowment insurance. The insured object is limited to the working class, and the pension is compulsory for the well-being of the elderly. The premium shall be borne by the government, enterprises and individuals respectively.

Second, the national old-age insurance system operates under the premise of the government, and the insured can receive old-age insurance money for life. According to statistics, the national pension benefits account for 63.6% of the family income of the elderly. This system has become the main guarantee for people's old age and has been playing a very important role. However, with the aging of the population, this old-age insurance system is facing severe challenges.

Pension, also known as pension and retirement fee, is a kind of social endowment insurance in China. According to the relevant national documents, pension is defined as: insurance benefits paid in cash on a monthly basis or at one time according to its contribution to society and its eligibility or retirement conditions.

Pensions are accumulated and operated according to the principle of accumulation by the state, the collective and the individual. When people are in their prime of life, part of the wealth created is invested in pension plans to ensure a sense of security in their later years.

Pensions in China are mainly divided into two categories: retirement pensions for employees in government institutions and retirement pensions for employees in enterprises. These two systems are generally called "dual-track system" by public opinion. There is a huge difference in treatment between the two, which is a discriminatory system that has lasted for 20 years in China. There are three differences:

First, the overall planning methods are different. The employees of enterprises are paid by the unit and the employees themselves according to certain standards, and the institutions and institutions are funded by the government;

Second, the payment channels are different, that is, employees of enterprises are paid by self-raised accounts, and institutions are paid by finance;

Third, the standard of enjoyment is different, that is, the pension standard of government agencies and institutions is much higher than that of enterprise retirees, with a gap of about 300%~500%.