Cultural knowledge Shandong 1. What are the traditional cultures in Shandong?

Shandong is called Qilu for short and Donglu for short.

Short for Shandong geographical location Longitude: 1 14 degrees East longitude 19 minutes-122 degrees 43 minutes Latitude: 34 degrees 22 minutes -38 degrees 23 minutes North latitude Traditional opera culture Shandong is one of the earliest regions in China. The gestation of its dramatic art can be traced back to Qilu State more than two thousand years ago.

In the Han Dynasty, white opera was popular in Shandong. From the stone reliefs unearthed in Shandong Province, we can probably infer the popularity of Bai Opera in Han Dynasty. Stone reliefs from the Han Tomb in Beizhai Village, yinan county, and colored silk paintings unearthed from No.9 Han Tomb in Yinxingshan, Linyi, all describe the performances of hundreds of plays.

In the Sui Dynasty, Qi advocated fame and fortune in the whole country, and in the Tang Dynasty, Shandong joined the army. It can be said that the long-term popular activities of singing, dancing, singing and dancing are an indispensable and important process for the development of Lu Opera.

After the formation of Song Zaju, it also spread to Shandong. At the end of Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Yuan Zaju, a traditional opera form sung with northern music, came into being. Shandong is one of the main hot areas. There are 28 Lu playwrights recorded in Ghost Record by Zhong Sicheng in Yuan Dynasty and Ghost Record Continuation by Jia in early Ming Dynasty, among which 4 are good at singing. The most prosperous place of traditional drama in China is Dongping. There are 65,438+00 Yuan Song writers in Shandong, such as Gao Wenxiu and Zhang Shiqi. The most prominent is Gao Wenxiu, whose work "Black Whirlwind Double Sacrifice" is deeply loved by the people.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Lu Opera entered a period of vigorous development. Li Kaixian's Sword and Kong's Peach Blossom Fan have made outstanding achievements and have the greatest influence.

In terms of performances, there are more professional troupes and frequent activities. By the middle of Qing Dynasty, dozens of different dramas were active in Shandong at the same time.

It can be roughly divided into bangzi drama, chord drama, elbow drum drama and so on. At present, there are more than 30 kinds of traditional operas popular in Shandong, which can be roughly divided into Bangzi Opera, Sixian Opera, Elbow Drum Opera and traditional operas formed by folk songs and dances and rap.

There are many popular Bangzi operas in Shandong, including Shandong Bangzi, Laiwu Bangzi, Jujube Bangzi, Pingdiao, Liangjia County, Donglu Bangzi, Henan Bangzi and Hebei Bangzi. Its epidemic areas include Heze, Jining, Linyi, Zaozhuang, Tai 'an, Jinan, Liaocheng, Dezhou, Laiwu and Binzhou 10.

Chord rhythm evolved from folk songs to traditional operas after the oratorio stage. Due to the differences in spreading areas and accompanying instruments, and influenced by other arts, silk stringed instruments have formed different styles of traditional operas, among which Liu Zi Opera, Heizi Opera and Luozi Opera are very popular in Shandong.

Liu Zi Opera, known as "Liu Dong", is one of the most popular and influential operas in Xianqiang. Representative plays include Li Yaxian's Four Clothes, The Story of Diusim's Four Clothes, Yingying's Four Clothes, Li Sanniang's Four Clothes, etc. Based on the popular ancient painting Yangko, it gradually evolved into a traditional opera voice with "sissy" as the main tone.

The operas included are Liuqin Opera, Wuyin Opera, Qiang Mao Opera, Liu Qiang Opera, Deng Qiang Opera and Donglu Elbow Drum. The operas developed from rap are: Lu Opera, Pendant Opera, Yugu Opera, Eight Immortals Opera and Languan Opera.

According to the information of Shandong Tourism Information Network and other websites, organize cultural and economic festivals and exhibitions all over Shandong Province. Name and date of festivals and exhibitions Yantai Yuhuangding Temple Fair February 16 to 22 Qingdao Haiyun Temple Sugar Ball Festival February 28 to March 3 Jining Liangshan International Water Margin Culture Festival April Tai 'an Dongyuehui Temple Fair April 1 3 Tai 'an Feicheng Peach Blossom Festival April 5 to 65438+ 05 Zibo International Ceramic Glass Art Festival April 16 to 22 Yantai Kunlun Mountain Stepping on the Spring Festival 4. Kloc-0/6-28, Yantai Longkou International Xufu Cultural Festival April 18-20 Yantai Laiyang Pear Flower Festival April 20 Qingdao International Marathon April 20 Qingdao Cherry Blossom Festival April 20 Weifang International Kite Club April 20-25 Weifang Shouguang International Vegetable Science and Technology Expo April 20th to May 20th Heze International Peony Fair April 22nd to 28th Rizhao "Spring of Five Lotus" Rhododendron Festival April 24th to May 6th Yantai Moushi Manor Folk Tour April 28th to May 8th Liaocheng Jiangbei Shuicheng Cultural Tourism Festival April 30th to May 8th Zibo International Liaozhai Cultural Tourism Festival April 30th to May 8th Binzhou Boxing International Drama and Art Festival May 1. Day 10 Yantai Colorful Food Festival May 4-8 Yantai Long Island "Fisherman's Music" Folk Culture Tourism Festival May 5-7 Yantai Laizhou Chinese Flower Festival May 25 Dongying Kenli Yellow River Mouth Cultural Tourism Festival September 2 Jinan International Art Song Festival May to 10 January Lushang Conference June 6-8 Jinan Lotus Festival June 30-August 20 Qingdao Ocean. Festival July 12 to 20 Laiwu Anti-flu Eco-tourism Festival July to August Qingdao Golden Beach Cultural Tourism Festival August 3 to 1 Jining Weishan Lake Lotus Festival August 10 Qingdao International Beer Festival August 17 to September1Yantai Penglai "Ode to Peace" Kloc-0/ 0-3 Taishan International Mountaineering Festival September 6-65438 10 Dezhou Leling Golden Jujube Festival Mid-September Qufu International Confucius Culture Festival September 26-10 Zaozhuang Pomegranate Festival 9 According to Liujiawan Catch the Sea Festival 65438+ 10/5 Rizhao Fulaishan Fushou Culture Festival. Weifang Changle International Gem Festival in early October 65438+1Weihai International Fishing Festival from October 2 to 6 65438+1October 8 to 15 Zaozhuang Baodao Red Leaves.

2. China Literature Common Sense of Shandong College Entrance Examination

Although the college entrance examination syllabus has specific and clear requirements for the examination of literary common sense, except for a few provinces and cities, most papers do not take literary common sense. The national papers have not been tested for literary knowledge for many years in a row, and most of the papers in other provinces and cities have not been tested. In 2008, only the papers from Chongqing, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Hubei and Jiangxi examined the contents of literary common sense, involving writers and works such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Li Yu, Liu Yong, Guan Hanqing, Wang Shifu, Tang Xianzu, Lu Xun, Xu Zhimo, Shu Ting, Shi Tiesheng, Balzac, Wordsworth and Marquez, as well as images of Yuan Qu and poetry. Some provinces and cities that are still using the old syllabus will continue to test their literary knowledge. Provinces and cities that use the new curriculum this year will definitely not take the general knowledge of literature, because it is not within the scope of examination.

Shandong is a new curriculum, don't take the exam! ! ! Hope to adopt! ! !

3. Jinan literature common sense

[Jinan], also known as "Quancheng", is the capital of Shandong Province, a major coastal economic province in eastern China, one of the national historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council, the political, cultural, economic, financial and educational center of the whole province, and one of the 15 sub-provincial cities approved by the state.

China * * * one of the headquarters * *. Headquarters of Jinan Railway Bureau, one of the national 16 railway bureaus.

Jinan, located in the middle and west of Shandong Province, has a history of more than 2,000 years. It is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and a world-famous prehistoric culture-Longshan culture. The Neolithic sites in this area include Chengziya, the Great Wall of Qi before Qin Changcheng, Lingyan Temple, known as "the first plastic sculpture in China", and painted Luohan in Song Dynasty. China's first collection of poems, The Book of Songs, contains Tan Ren's satirical poem Dadong, which is the earliest extant document about Jinan.

Guo Tombstone Temple in Xiaotangshan, Jinan is the earliest existing ground building in China. The Simen Pagoda built in Sui Dynasty is the oldest existing stone pagoda in China, all of which are national key cultural relics protection units. Shun, the leader of primitive tribes in China, was born and lived in Jinan (about 22nd century BC), and Jinan was formally established in July 1929.

Located at 36 degrees 40 minutes north latitude and 36 degrees 40 minutes east longitude. 1 17: 00, with Taishan Mountain in the south and the Yellow River in the north, belongs to the continental monsoon climate zone in the north temperate zone, with four distinct seasons and abundant sunshine, with an annual average temperature of 14 degrees Celsius and an annual average rainfall of 650-700 mm.

It governs six districts, three counties and one county-level city, with a total area of 8227 square kilometers. At the end of 2008, the total registered population was 6,039,900; The resident population is 6,626,900.

It is one of the "Top 50 Cities with Comprehensive Strength" and "Top 40 Cities with Hard Investment Environment". The host city of the 11th National Games.

Shandong is rich in culture. Please use the knowledge of cultural life to explain how to make full use of Shandong tradition.

① To make use of traditional cultural resources and build a strong cultural province, we must firmly grasp the direction of advanced socialist culture (or "adhere to the guiding position of Marxism", etc. ).

② Inherit Shandong traditional culture, "take its essence and discard its dross", criticize inheritance, and make the past serve the present. (3) Based on the practice of Shandong's reform and opening up, innovate the content and form of culture, and create cultural products that people like; At the same time, learn from others and absorb and learn from other outstanding cultural achievements; Further promote the development of Shandong's cultural industry.

④ People are the main body of cultural creation, so we should give full play to their enthusiasm in building a strong cultural province. (If you answer reasonable answers such as "constantly integrating into the spirit of the times" and "developing education, science and culture, and cultivating cultural talents", you can add points as appropriate, but the maximum score of this small question is not more than one).

5.~ Cultural knowledge ~

The Five Mountains are the product of the combination of the worship of ancient mountain gods, the concept of five elements and the hunting meditation of emperors, which were later inherited by Taoism and regarded as famous Taoist mountains. They are:

Mount Tai (1532.7m) is located in Taian City, Shandong Province.

Xiyue Huashan (2 154.9m) is located in huayin city, Shaanxi.

Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue (1300.2m) is located in Nanyue District, Hengyang City, Hunan Province.

Mount Hengshan (20 16. 1 m) is located in hun yuan.

Zhongyue Songshan (149 1.7m) is located in Dengfeng City, Henan Province.

Mount Tai and Dongyue are worthy of the name. In China, 72 emperors visited Mount Tai for meditation.

Mount Taishan in Dongyue, Huashan in Xiyue, Hengshan in Beiyue, Songshan in Zhongyue and Hengshan in Nanyue have long been famous all over the world.

People often say that when the Five Mountains come back, they don't look at the mountains, and there is also a saying that "Mount Heng is like walking, Mount Tai is like sitting, Mount Huashan is like standing, Mount Songshan is like lying, and only Nanyue is as alone as flying".

Kyushu has different versions of state names in different periods, including Jizhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Yuzhou, Liangzhou and Yongzhou in Gong Yu. Later, there were 12 states, namely, Bingzhou in Jizhou, Yingzhou in Qingzhou and Liangzhou in Yongzhou. Generally speaking, "Kyushu" refers to China. For example, Kyushu is furious, and thousands of troops are sad. ("Jihai Miscellaneous Affairs")

Classmate, I'll give you the website, which is very clear ~

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6. What is cultural common sense?

Fourth, cultural knowledge: 1. Four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty: Yang Jiong, Lu, Luo.

2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu. 3. "Four classic masterpieces": Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin and Journey to the West.

4. "Four Legends": The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, butterfly lovers, Meng Jiangnv and the Legend of the White Snake. 5. The world's four great short story masters: Chekhov, Mo Bosang and Mark? Twain, Europe? Henry.

6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his poetry and Huang Tingjian are called "Su Huang". 7. Ma Zhiyuan's masterpiece of Sanqu, Sha? Qiu Si is called "the father of Qiu Si".

8. Cao Xueqin wrote A Dream of Red Mansions (also known as The Story of the Stone), the greatest realistic work in China's classical novels, which was widely circulated and loved by people after its publication. The study of this book, A Dream of Red Mansions, has now become an important topic in the study of world literature. 9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern literature in China, and Chen Yi is called "Marshal Poet". Cang Kejia is called a "local poet" because most of his poems are rural themes. In other places, Wen Yiduo is known as the "drummer of the times" (drummer poet).

10, three friends in the cold: pine, bamboo and plum. 1 1. Four gentlemen in flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum.

12, four friends of literati: piano, chess, books and paintings. 13, Four Treasures of the Study: pen, ink, paper and inkstone.

14, Sikuquanshu: Scenery, History, Zi and Ji. 15, the six meanings in The Book of Songs refer to: style, elegance, praise (classification), fu, comparison and honor (expression).

16, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Yuanqu, Ming and Qing novels. 17, laurel, top, top, champion: first.

18, three cardinal guides and five permanent members: "three cardinal guides": the father is the child guide, the monarch is the minister guide, and the husband is the wife guide; "Five permanent members": benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith. 19, The Four Books and Five Classics are mainly Confucian classics: The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, The Doctrine of the Mean, and University; The Five Classics refer to poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period.

20. Huang San: Emperor, Huangdi, Ren Huang or Fuxi, Nuwa, Shennong; Five Emperors: Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Tang Yao and Yu Shun. 2 1. Hardware: gold, silver, copper, iron and tin.

22. Five flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty. 23. Five elements: gold, wood, water, fire and earth.

24. "Eight methods of harmony" means that the word "harmony" has eight strokes: point, horizontal, vertical, left, press, fold, hook and lift. 25. In ancient times, there were names such as Yao, Xu and imperial academy. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the highest institution of higher learning was imperial academy.

26. Three religions and nine streams: "Three religions": Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism; "Nine streams": Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Legalists, Famous Scholars, Mohists, Strategists, Miscellaneous Scholars and Peasants. 27. Ancient Imperial Examination (Sui Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties): A kind of childbirth examination, also known as "childbirth examination", regardless of age, is called childbirth, and only those who pass the examination can participate in the imperial examination.

B. After obtaining the rural examination in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the examination was held in provincial capitals every three years. The scholar took part in the exam, and the person who passed the exam was called Jie. Exam C, an exam held every three years in Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, can be taken by juren from all provinces and imperial academy Jian-guo students, and 300 students are admitted as Gong Shi, and the first one is Huiyuan.

D Palace Examination is the highest-level examination in the imperial examination system, and the emperor personally questioned the palace officials who will be admitted to the imperial court to determine the first level. Admission is divided into three grades: first-class and third-class, awarded the title of "Jinshi Ji", the first champion (Dingyuan), the second, the third Tan Hua, collectively known as "the top three"; A number of dimethyl, given the name "Jinshi origin"; Number three, given the name "with Jinshi origin"

Attachment: (Form)-level (sub-examination) College Entrance Examination Formal Imperial Examination After the examination in the Palace once every three years (autumn) and once every three years (spring), in April of the same year, candidates, Confucian scholars and scholars in the palace won fame and scholarships. The first place is Xie Yuan (Gong Shi). Lian Deng No.3 (Sanyuanji): Xie Yuan-Huiyuan-Ancient Imperial Examination Champion.

Verb (short for verb) Poetry and Man: He gave his heart to two generations. -Zhuge Liang, but before he could conquer, he died, and the heroes cried on their coats from then on.

-Zhuge Liang's real name debut, who is better than in a thousand years. -Zhuge Liang knows three points in the world, and he will do his best.

-Zhuge Liang is upright and upright, indomitable spirit; You are worried about me and angry, writing the glory of history. -Sima Qian grinds the needle stone between hops and grasses, and hangs a bow to help the mulberry with a sword.

-Li's ancient poems, the bones of great writers are all your brushes, in Tianyuan; Proudly speaking, violet laity is immortal. —— Li Baiweng went to 800 years, and his hometown was still drunk; Six or seven miles in the mountains, the pavilion is not alone.

-Ouyang Xiu's iron plate and copper pipa sang along with Dongpo's River of No Return, and Mei Qin's "Leaving Sorrow" followed the Southern Song Dynasty's "Hongyan Flying South". -Xin Qiji is pale in the world and a saint in poetry; Human suffering, pen bottom waves.

-Du Fu is still motionless, and there is always Dan Xin shining in ancient and modern times. -Wen Tianxiang meditated on holding high the white loyalty, gurgling through the ages and hating Taiwan.

-Qu Yuan's lakes and mountains are full of worries for thousands of people. —— Fan Zhongyan has been a river for hundreds of generations, and the waves are rushing, washing out the heroes of the ages; Ci Yuan is in full bloom for a thousand years, and a daughter flower is in full bloom.

-Li Qingzhao's translation hasn't been written yet, and I was shocked when I heard the meteorite. China, who took the lead in crying? Mr. Wang has passed away, recalling the past rain, and the literary world has been at a loss since then. -Lu Xun * * * called Zhu Ziqing: "A man who does not bend over for five buckets of rice."

Lenin praised Gorky as "the most outstanding representative of proletarian art" and the incarnation of ballet: ulanova.

Guan Hanqing is called "Shakespeare of the East". Six, a comment on the book: ① Romance of the Three Kingdoms: the words are not very deep, and the words are not very vulgar.

② A Dream of Red Mansions: Every word is well-written, and ten years of painstaking efforts are extraordinary. (In Cao Xueqin's language) ③ Meng Qian's pen talk: the coordinates in the history of science and technology in China.

(English? Needham) ④ Entering the Dragon: Romance of the Three Kingdoms ⑤ Mirror of the Emperor ⑤ Meaningful rhetoric ⑤ Warring States Policy ⑤ Immortal Art of War ⑧ Art of War ⑧ Camel Xiangzi of old Corona.