Introduction: When mentioning the word "nano", many people may have heard of it, but what is nano and what are nanomaterials may not be clear to many people. This article mainly discusses the research status and development prospects of nanometers and nanomaterials.

Introduction, I believe that with the development of science and technology, more and more nanomaterials will enter people's lives and benefit mankind.

Nano is the transliteration of English namometer, which is a unit of measurement in physics. 1 nanometer is one billionth of 1 meter; it is equivalent to the length of 45 atoms arranged.

In layman's terms, it is equivalent to one ten thousandth of the thickness of a human hair.

Just like millimeters and microns, nanometers are a concept of scale and have no physical connotation.

When a substance reaches the nanometer scale, approximately in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers, the properties of the substance will mutate and special properties will appear.

This kind of material that has special properties that are different from the original atoms and molecules, as well as from macroscopic substances, is a nanomaterial.

If it is only a material with a scale of nanometers and no special properties, it cannot be called a nanomaterial.

In the past, people only paid attention to atoms, molecules or the universe, and often ignored this intermediate field. This field actually exists in nature in large quantities, but the performance of this scale range was not recognized before.

The first to truly realize its performance and reference the concept of nanometers were Japanese scientists. In the 1970s, they used evaporation methods to prepare ultrafine ions, and by studying its properties, they discovered that: an electrically and thermally conductive copper or silver conductor is made of

After reaching the nanometer scale, it loses its original properties and shows that it neither conducts electricity nor heat.

The same is true for magnetic materials, such as iron-cobalt alloy. If you make it about 20-30 nanometers in size, the magnetic domain will become a single magnetic domain, and its magnetism will be 1,000 times higher than the original.

In the mid-1980s, people officially named this type of material nanomaterials.

In the 21st century full of vitality, the rapid development of information, biotechnology, energy, environment, advanced manufacturing technology and national defense will inevitably put forward new demands for materials, such as miniaturization, intelligence, high integration, high-density storage and ultra-fast transmission of components.

The size requirements for materials are getting smaller and smaller; aerospace, new military equipment and advanced manufacturing technology have increasingly higher requirements for material performance.

Innovation of new materials and new technologies induced on this basis.

The innovation of new products is the most influential strategic research field for social development, economic revitalization, and national strength enhancement in the next 10 years. Nanomaterials will be one of the key materials that play an important role.

Nanomaterials and nanostructures are the most dynamic research objects in the field of new materials research today and have a very important impact on future economic and social development. They are also the most active and important components of nanotechnology that are closest to application.

In recent years, nanomaterials and nanostructures have achieved remarkable achievements.

For example, quantum disks with magnetic nanorod arrays with a storage density of 400g per square centimeter, low-cost, high-efficiency nanoarray lasers with adjustable luminous frequency bands, low-cost and high-energy conversion nanostructured solar cells and thermoelectric conversion components used as rail guns

The advent of ablation-resistant, high-strength and high-toughness nanocomposite materials for rails has fully demonstrated its huge potential for application in new pillar industries of the national economy and high-tech fields.

As American scientists estimate, "This extremely tiny substance that is invisible to the naked eye is likely to bring a revolution to various fields."

The application of nanomaterials and nanostructures will provide new opportunities for how to adjust the layout of pillar industries of the national economy, design new products, form new industries and transform traditional industries to inject high-tech content.

The important scientific significance of studying nanomaterials and nanostructures is that it opens up a new level for people to understand nature and is a source of knowledge innovation.

Since the scale of the nanostructure unit (1 to 100urn) is equivalent to many characteristic lengths in matter, such as the de Broglie wavelength of electrons, superconducting coherence length, tunneling barrier thickness, and ferromagnetic critical size, nanomaterials and

The physical and chemical properties of nanostructures are different from microscopic atoms and molecules, as well as macroscopic objects, thus extending people's ability to explore nature and create knowledge to the intermediate field between macroscopic and microscopic objects.

Discovering new phenomena, understanding new laws, proposing new concepts, and establishing new theories in the nanometer field will lay the foundation for building a new framework for the nanomaterials science system, and will also greatly enrich the research connotation of new fields such as nanophysics and nanochemistry.

At the turn of the century, high-toughness nanoceramics, super-strong nanometals, etc. were still important research topics in the field of nanomaterials; nanostructure design, heterogeneous, heterogeneous and different properties of nanoelements (zero-dimensional nanoparticles, one-dimensional nanotubes,

combination of nanorods and nanofilaments).

Surface modification of nanoscale primitives has become a new hot spot in nanomaterial research today. People can have more freedom to synthesize new materials with special properties according to their own wishes.

The use of new physical properties, new principles, and new methods to design nanostructured principle devices and the modification of nanocomposite traditional materials are giving birth to new breakthroughs.

1 Research shapes and trends Nanotechnology generated in nanomaterial preparation and application research is likely to become the dominant technology in the first 20 years of the next century, driving the development of the nanoindustry.

At the turn of the century, the world's advanced countries have reorganized nanomaterials research from the perspective of future development strategies. At the critical moment of the turn of the millennium, they have to meet new challenges, seize the initiative to establish nanomaterials and nanostructure projects, and quickly organize scientific and technological personnel to carry out work around the goals set by the country.

Research is very important.