Study on interspecific hybridization of strawberry > Lei Jiajun [1] Hu Wenyu [2] etc.

[Full text size: 233 K] [1] College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 1 16 1 [2] College of Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang1kloc-0/665438.

The results of interspecific hybridization between 2x and 2x, 2x and 4x, 4x and 5x and 8x showed that the seed setting rate of interspecific hybridization with the same ploidy was higher, such as green strawberry (2x)× Northeast strawberry (2x), reaching 53.3%, but the reciprocal hybridization was different. In interspecific hybridization with different ploidy, the seed setting rate is poor or not at all when the low ploidy is used as the female parent, and the seed setting rate is high when the high ploidy is used as the female parent, such as Tangji (8x)× Heinong 7 (5x), which can reach 68.4%. 1 9x seedlings were obtained from Tangji (8x)× Heilongjiang No.7 (5x). According to ploidy, meiosis behavior of parents and pollen size, it is inferred that there are unreduced gametes in strawberry plants. The progeny of interspecific hybridization of strawberry have great variation, and some seedlings may come from apomixis; Abundant ploidy materials, including 4x, 5x, 6x, 7x, 8x and 9x, were obtained from interspecific hybridization of strawberries, which is of great value for studying the genetic variation of strawberries and improving the quality, stress resistance and disease resistance of cultivated strawberries.

Journal of Landscape Architecture 2002,29 (6): 519 ~ 523

Journal of horticulture

Date of receipt: February 0, 20021; Resumption date: April 3, 2002

Fund Project: Fund Project sponsored by Dr. Liaoning (001043); Supported by the study abroad fund of the Ministry of Education.

Study on interspecific hybridization of strawberry

Lei Jiajun 1 Han Ping 1 Deng 1 Wu 1 Hu Wenyu2

(1 College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang110161; 2 College of Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang110161)

The results of interspecific hybridization of strawberry 2x and 2x, 2x and 4x, 4x and 5x, 5x and 8x showed that the seed setting rate of interspecific hybridization with the same ploidy was higher.

For example, green strawberry (2x) × northeast strawberry (2x) can reach 53. 3%, but the reciprocal cross is different. When interspecific hybridization with different ploidy is carried out with low ploidy as female parent

Poor or no seed setting, when high ploidy is used as female parent, the hybrid seed setting rate is higher, such as Tangji (8x) × Heinong 7 (5x).

68.4 %; 1 9x seedlings were obtained from Tangji (8x) × Heilongjiang No.7 (5x). According to their ploidy, meiosis behavior of parents, pollen size

It is speculated that there are unreduced gametes in strawberry plants. The progeny of interspecific hybridization of strawberries vary greatly, and there are partial mother seedlings, which may come.

Apomixis; Abundant ploidy materials, including 4x, 5x, 6x, 7x, 8x and 9x, were obtained from interspecific hybridization of strawberries, which had a great influence on the genetic variation of strawberries.

It is of great value to improve the quality, stress resistance and disease resistance of cultivated strawberries.

Keywords: strawberry; Interspecific hybridization; Ploidy; Irreducible gamete

China Library Classification Number: S 668. 4 Document identification code: A document number: 05132353x (2002) 0620519205.

Interspecific hybridization has been reported in many crops [1, 2]. There are about 20 kinds of strawberries, of which only 1 species-pineapple strawberry.

(Fragaria ×ananassa Duch。 ) widely used in cultivation. Wild strawberry plays an important role in improving stress resistance, disease resistance, aromaticity,

The potential of solids is great, so many foreign scholars have carried out interspecific hybridization of strawberries to obtain new types and varieties [3, 4]. I

There are wild strawberry 10 species in China, among which there are precious types with great application value [5], but the research on wild strawberry resources in China

Most of them are limited to field investigation, botanical morphological observation and classification [6], and there is little research on hybrid utilization. Shenyang Agricultural University from 1980

The investigation and collection of wild strawberry resources began in, and the wild strawberry resources at home and abroad 15 species have been collected and preserved. The author is right about 4.

The interspecific hybridization of strawberries with different ploidy was studied.

1 materials and methods

Materials come from strawberry garden of Shenyang Agricultural University. Diploid species include green strawberries. ) [7] and northeast strawberry (F.

Mandschurica staudt) [8], the tetraploid species is F. orientalis Losinsk, and the octoploid species is cultivated pineapple strawberry.

The tetraploid types are Jilin 4 and Heilongjiang 7. Under natural conditions in the field, Jilin No.4 is completely sterile, and Heilongjiang No.7 is almost sterile.

But their pollen vitality is normal, and males are fertile. /kloc-0 interspecific hybridization was carried out in may, 1996, and each combination had 20 ~ 80 flowers. At the same time,

The effect of emasculation was observed by bagging 10 flowers of all female parents as control. Take off the bagging on 10 ~ 15 d after hybridization. Normal ripening of hybrid fruit

Investigate the hybrid seed setting rate. Collect seeds, stratify at 4℃ for 50 d in the refrigerator, and then sow. When the seedlings grow three true leaves, transplant them into a nutrition bowl.

Potted plants, greenhouse culture. 1997 Open planting in May. The field observation time is 1998 to 200 1 year. 5 mol/L hydrochloric acid was used for dissociation.

5 min, the number of root tip chromosomes was observed by improved carbofuran staining method.

2 Results and analysis

The results showed that the parents who were emasculated and bagged did not get normal swollen fruits and full seeds, which indicated that emasculation was effective.

See table 1 for seed setting and seedling emergence of interspecific hybridization of strawberry.

2. 1 Green strawberry (2x) crosses Northeast strawberry (2x).

It is easier to obtain hybrid seeds by reciprocal crossing between green strawberry and northeast strawberry, but the orthogonal seed setting rate is higher than that by reciprocal crossing, and the average number of single fruit seeds is also higher.

1994-2007 China Academic Journals Electronic Publishing House. Copyright ki.net.

More, the emergence rate is lower than its backcross; The flowers and fruits of reciprocal crosses are normal, and the growth, plant height, leaf shape and fruit characters of most seedlings are normal.

By analogy, there are both parental traits and a few seedlings showing some maternal traits. Parthenogenetic seedlings may come from apomixis. All positive and negative intersections

The inflorescences of seedlings all show the characteristics of green strawberry inflorescences, that is, they are 1/3 ~ 1/2 higher than the leaves of plants, which is obviously different from the inflorescences of strawberries in Northeast China.

Flat or slightly below the leaf surface. After chromosome number detection, the offspring of the seedlings were all diploid (2n = 2x = 14).

Table 1 Seed setting rate and seedling emergence rate of interspecific hybridization in strawberry

Table 1 seed setting rate and survival seedling rate of interspecific hybridization in strawberry

cross combination

cross combination

Number of hybrid flowers

the number of

flower

decussate

Number of fruiting flowers

the number of

flower

Fruit 2 Settings

Hybrid seed setting rate

Percentage of

Fruit 2 Settings

( %)

Average single fruit

Seed quantity

Seed quantity

Every fruit

* * * Number of seeds obtained

the number of

seed

acquire

Seeding emergence number

the number of

seedling

acquire

Emergence rate

per cent

seedling

( %)

Northeast strawberry (2x) × green strawberry (2x) 36 6 16. 7 4.2 25 8 32.0

F.mandschurica (2x ) ×F. viridis (2x)

Green strawberry (2x) × Northeast strawberry (2x) 77 4 1 53. 3 9.6 393 35 8.9

F. Green variety (2x)× Northeast variety (2x)

Northeast strawberry (2x) × Oriental strawberry (4x) 4500.000.0000.0

F. Fraxinus mandshurica (2x)× Fraxinus orientalis (4x)

Oriental strawberry (4x) × Northeast strawberry (2x) 441022.71.414214.2

F. Oriental tree (4x)× Northeast tree (2x)

Green strawberry (2x) × Jilin No.4 (5x) 3512.91.0100.0

F. Green variety (2x)× Jilin No.4 (5x)

Jilin No.4 (5x) × Green Strawberry (2x) 3800.000.0000.0

Jilin No.4 (5x)× green phosphor (2x)

Oriental strawberry (4x) × Jilin No.4 (5x) 77 33 42.9 5.0164 74 45.1

F. Dongfang (4x)× Jilin No.4 (5x)

Jilin No.4 (5x) × Oriental Strawberry (4x) 6000.000.0000.0

Jilin No.4 (5x)× Dongfanghong Doushan (4x)

Heilongjiang No.7 (5x) × Hani (8x) 57 0 0. 0 0.0 0 0 0.0

Heilongjiang No.7 (5x) ×Honeoye (8x)

Hani (8x) × Heilongjiang No.7 (5x)19947.44.641331.7

Honeye (8x) × Heilongjiang No.7 (5x)

Heilongjiang No.7 (5x) × Tangji (8x) 4 100.000.0000.0

Heilongjiang No.7 (5x)× Jade Time (8x)

Tangji (8x)×7 Heilongjiang (5x)191368.43.8491734.7

Yu Time (8x)× Heilongjiang No.7 (5x)

2.2 Northeast strawberry (2x) and Oriental strawberry (4x) were crossed.

The hybrid of low ploidy northeast strawberry and high ploidy oriental strawberry failed to obtain seeds, but the seeds were obtained by reverse hybridization, but

The average number of full seeds per fruit is very small (1. 4 seeds), and the emergence rate is also low (14. 2%). The two seedlings are morphologically biased towards the female parent Oriental Grass.

Through chromosome number detection, the berry is tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28).

2.3 Cross between Green Strawberry (2x) and Jilin No.4 (5x)

The hybrid seed setting rate of green strawberry× Jilin 4 is very low (2. 9%), only/kloc-0 seeds were obtained, but there was no emergence after sowing. Its backcross was not obtained.

Seeds, which is consistent with Jilin 4 being completely sterile under natural conditions.

2. Oriental strawberry (4x) was hybridized with Jilin No.4 (5x) for 4 times.

When Jilin 4 is used as the female parent, hybrid seeds cannot be obtained. When oriental strawberry was used as female parent, the hybrid seed setting rate was (42. 9%) and the emergence rate.

Interest rate (45. 1%) are on the high side. The plant height, plant state, leaf shape, petiole color, number of new stems and creeping of 74 offspring seedlings were observed.

The number of stems and fertility vary greatly. Chromosome numbers of 8 seedlings were detected, of which 2 were 4x,/kloc-0 was 5x, and 5 were 4x ~ 5x.

The aneuploidy between them (chromosome number is 29 ~ 33) (figure 1, a).

52 0 Journal of Landscape Art Volume 29

1994-2007 China Academic Journals Electronic Publishing House. Copyright ki.net.

Figure 1 Chromosome number of interspecific hybrid progeny of strawberry

A: Oriental strawberry (4x) × Jilin No.4 (5x)5x seedlings (35 pieces); B: Hani 8 times parthenogenetic seedling (8x) × Heilongjiang No.7 (5x) (56 strains);

C and D: 7x (49 strains) and 9x (63 strains) of Tangji (8x) × Heinong 7 (5x).

Figure 1 Chromosome number of root tip cells of interspecific hybrid seedlings

A: Platycladus orientalis (4x)× Jilin No.4 (5x) tetraploid seedling 1 plant (2n = 5x = 35); B: an octoploid seedling (2n = 8x = 56)

From Honeye (8x) × Heilongjiang No.7 (5x); C and D: a heptaploid (2n = 7x = 49) and.

An aneuploid seedling (2n = 9x = 63) with Yu time (8x)× Heilongjiang No.7 (5x).

2.5 Two cultivated varieties Hani (8x) and Tangji (8x) crossed with Heilongjiang No.7 (5x).

Only when the cultivated variety is used as the female parent can hybrid seeds be obtained, and the hybrid seed setting rate and seedling emergence rate of the two varieties hybridized with Heilongjiang No.7 are obtained.

It's all the same The observation of offspring seedlings shows that the variation is great (Table 2). Hani× Heilongjiang No.7 has two partial mother seedlings, which have been dyed.

The chromosome number is 8x (figure 1, b), and the ploidy of four seedlings of Tangji (8x) × Heinong 7 (5x) was detected, among which 1.

6 x, 7 x for 2 strains and 9x for 1 strain (fig. 1, c, d). Six times,

7x seedlings may come from the normal meiotic gamete combination of parents, but

9x may come from normal meiotic gametes (4x) of female and male parents.

Ben's unreduced gametes (5x) merged (Figure 2). be tried

Meiosis of Heilongjiang No.7 (5x) was observed, and metaphase ⅰ was found.

The chromosome distribution is uneven, and the pollen size varies greatly, including

There are big pollen, small pollen and very small pollen, and the largest pollen and

The smallest pollen diameter can be 2 ~ 3 times different, and it is inferred that the male parent is black dragon.

Jiang 7 (5x) may form 2x, 3x and 5x gametes.

Fig. 2 Possible sources of different ploidy in the hybrid offspring of Tangji× Heilongjiang No.7.

Fig. 2 Sources of seedlings with different ploidy.

Yuhime and Heilongjiang No.7

Table 2 Ploidy and Outstanding Characters of Some Seedlings of Tangji (8x) × Heilongjiang No.7 Strawberry (5x)

Table 2 Ploidy and differential characters of four seedlings crossed with Heilongjiang No.7 (5x) in Yu Time (8x).

Seedling code

seedling

ploidy

ploidy

Outstanding personality

Difference characteristics

I 1524 9x has medium plant height, large leaves, deep serrations, trifoliate stalks and no inflorescence.

Leaflets of medium height, large and subsessile, with sharp serrations and no inflorescences.

I 152 12 7x plants are tall, tufted, with many villi and inflorescences, good fertility and round and sweet fruits.

Strong vitality, many inflorescences, thick hairs on leaves, considerable fertility, round fruit and high aroma.

I 152 13 7x has medium plant height, yellow-green leaves, many stolons and poor fertility.

I 152 15 6x plants are short, with flat and nearly round leaves, rough texture, smooth surface and poor fertility.

3 discussion

3. Ploidy variation, unreduced gametes and apomixis in the progeny of interspecific hybridization of strawberry 1.

The reciprocal progeny of two 2x northeast strawberries and green strawberries are 2x. Oriental strawberry seedlings (4x) × Jilin No.4 (5x)

There are 4x, 5x and 29 ~ 33 aneuploids in the seedlings. 6x in Tangji (8x) × Heilongjiang No.7 (5x) seedlings,

Study on interspecific hybridization of strawberry 52 1 by Lei Jiajun et al.

1994-2007 China Academic Journals Electronic Publishing House. Copyright ki.net.

7x and 9x may be the combination of normal meiotic gamete (4x) of female parent with 2x, 3x and non-meiotic gamete (5x) of male parent respectively. Yes, father Heilongjiang 7

The observation of meiosis of number (5x) shows that there are phenomena such as uneven chromosome distribution and large difference in pollen size, which indicates that it is probably 5x.

Heilongjiang 7 can form unreduced gametes. There have been many reports about unreduced gametes in strawberry, and Bringhurst is distributed in coastal areas of California.

Three other polyploidy plants were found in the natural populations of F. chiloensis (8x) and F. vesca (2x), namely

5x, 6x, 9x, 5x come from normal meiotic gametes of both sides, 6x comes from unreduced gametes of forest strawberry, and 9x comes from unreduced gametes of Chilean strawberry.

Meiotic gamete; When this 5x plant is backcrossed with Chilean strawberry (8x), most of the offspring are 9x, a few are 14x and some aneuploids.

(46) It is considered that 9x plants are derived from 5x unreduced gametes, and 14x plants are derived from 5x double unreduced gametes.

Doubled unreduced gamete, it is estimated that the 33 micron pollen in Chilean strawberry is unreduced gamete (8x).

25 micron pollen is a normal meiotic gamete (4x) [9, 10]. There are many reports about 2n pollen of potato [1 1]. On the northeast grassland

Strawberry (2x) crosses with green strawberry (2x), oriental strawberry (4x) × northeast strawberry (2x) and Hani (8x) × Heilongjiang No.7.

(5x) all have some mother seedlings, probably from apomixis. Foreign scholars' research on strawberry interspecies and its related plant Potentilla.

When they hybridized, some seedlings were found, which were considered to be apomixis from false fertilization [12]. Except morphology

In addition to observation, chromosome number detection and isozyme analysis, modern RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) technology will also be helpful.

In order to make a quick and accurate judgment on true and false hybrids.

3.2 Utilization of interspecific hybrids in strawberries

The offspring of interspecific hybridization are very different, and they are unique in creating new species, new types and new varieties. Evans used eight synthetic methods.

A new type of octoploid with cultivation potential was obtained by crossing strawberry with strawberry [13]. Bauer used forest strawberry (F. vesca, 2x) and pineapple grass.

Berry (F. ×ananassa, 8x) bred10x' forest pineapple strawberry '(f .×vesca na), from which' florika' was selected.

Its fruit is smaller than cultivated varieties, but it has strong fragrance and high yield in large-scale cultivation, which is suitable for perennial cultivation and self-harvesting cultivation [14]. Noguchi and others.

10x'' kurumeih1'was obtained by crossing Fengxiang variety (8x) with Auricularia auricula variety (2x), and the maximum fruit weight was 20 g.

Momoka is rich and extremely precocious. When cultivated in greenhouse, it has a strong ability to continuously draw inflorescences, and its yield is close to the cultivation level. The only drawback is that there are too many fruits.

Soft [15]. Through interspecific hybridization of strawberry and chromosome addition, abundant materials with 4x, 5x, 6x, 7x, 8x and 9x ploidy were obtained.

Multiplication technology doubled the poor fertility 5x interspecific hybrid to 10x [16], and the fertility was basically normal, and the fruit was rich in fragrance. These secondary education

The acquisition of this material will accelerate the utilization of excellent wild strawberry resources in China.