I. Geographical location
Poyang Lake is located at 28 22' to 29 45' north latitude and115 47' to116 45' east longitude.
Located in the north of Jiangxi Province, on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Poyang Lake is bounded by Songmen Mountain and divided into north and south parts. The north is the estuary, which is 40 kilometers long, 3 to 5 kilometers wide, and the narrowest part is about 2.8 kilometers. The main lake is in the south, with a length of 133 km and a widest point of 74 km.
Second, the largest freshwater lake in China.
Poyang Lake is 173 km long from north to south, 74 km wide from east to west, with an average width of 16.9 km and a coastline length of 1200 km, with a lake area of 3,283 square kilometers (the water level at the mouth of the lake is 2 1.7 1 m) and an average water depth of 8.4.
Accept five major rivers: Ganjiang, Fuhe, Xinjiang, Raohe and Hexiu.
After storage, it flows into the Yangtze River, the largest river in China, from Hukou, and the annual amount of water flowing into the Yangtze River exceeds the sum of the water of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River. This is a seasonality and throughput lake.
The water system area of Poyang Lake is162,200 km2, accounting for 97% of the basin area of Jiangxi Province and 9% of the basin area of the Yangtze River. Its annual runoff is152.5 billion cubic meters, accounting for 16.3% of the annual runoff in the Yangtze River Basin.
The third is the natural landscape of "one drought and one flood"
The average water level of Poyang Lake for many years 12.86m, the highest water level1July 3, 998/day 65438+22.59m, and the lowest water level1February 6, 963 65438+5.90m (Hukou Hydrological Station, Wusong Base).
During the year, the variation range of water level was 9.79-15.36m, and the variation range of absolute water level was16.69m..
With the change of water quantity, the water level of Poyang Lake fluctuates greatly, which has the function of natural flood storage.
Due to the fluctuation of water level, the lake area changes greatly.
During the flood season, the water level rises, the lake surface increases sharply and the water surface is vast; In the dry season, the water level drops, the beach * * *, and the water flows back to the trough, leaving only a few winding waterways on the lake.
It has a natural landscape of "a dry line, a flood".
Fourth, historical evolution.
Poyang Lake was called Li Penghu, Li Pengze, Peng Ze, Penghu, Yang Lan and Gongting Lake in ancient times.
Among them, Peng Li is a very old Zebi surname, and the article "Pengze is in Zhang Yu County" in Hanshu Geography says: "Peng Lize is in the west".
There is another sentence: "Peng is a great man, he is a great man."
"Describe Poyang Lake as a big gourd ladle.
After a long historical period, under the concerted action and long-term development of geology, meteorology and hydrology, Peng Xiangnan expanded, and the lake crossed Songmen Mountain to reach Poyang County, hence the name Poyang Lake.
Before the lake invaded south, the south of Songmen Mountain used to be a densely populated Xiaoyang Plain. With the continuous invasion of the lake, Xiaoyang County and Haiyinghou County in Poyang Lake Basin have been submerged in the water. There is a saying in history that "Shen Xiaoyang began in Duchang, and Shen Hai fainted in Wucheng".
Poyang Lake, with vast misty waves and vast waters, formed the embryonic form of modern Poyang Lake about 1600 years ago after a long evolution, just like a huge gourd tied to the belt of the Yangtze River.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) wetland of international importance
Poyang Lake is an important wetland in the world and an important storage lake in the main stream of the Yangtze River. It has played a great role in storing floods and protecting biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin of China. It is one of the top ten ecological function protected areas in China and one of the important ecological areas in the world designated by the World Wide Fund for Nature, and plays an important role in maintaining regional and national ecological security.
6. "World of White Crane" and "Kingdom of Rare Birds"
Due to the influence of the warm and humid southeast monsoon, the average annual rainfall of Poyang Lake is 65438 0.636 mm, forming a humid monsoon climate of "Zeguo Caofang Biyi, Plum yellow in misty rain" and becoming a famous land of fish and rice.
The environment and climate here are suitable for migratory birds to overwinter. Therefore, in late autumn and early winter (10), thousands of migratory birds came from Siberia, Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Northeast China and Northwest China, and gradually left in the following spring (April).
Today, there are more than 300 species of birds in the nature reserve, with nearly one million birds, including more than 50 rare birds. It is the largest bird sanctuary in the world.
What is particularly gratifying is that the largest crane group in the contemporary world has been found here. In 2002, the total wintering population reached more than 4,000, accounting for more than 95% of the total number of cranes in the world.
Therefore, Poyang Lake is called "the world of white cranes" and "the kingdom of rare birds".
Seven. humanity history
Poyang Lake Basin has been a rich area with relatively developed economy in China since ancient times. Many outstanding figures in the history of China, such as Xu Zhimo, Tao Yuanming, Lin,,, etc., have lived in the Lake District.
There have been many heroic deeds here, such as Zhou Yu's naval training, Zhu Yuanzhang's Poyang Lake water battle in Chen Youliang, and the "second revolution" in Hukou, Li Liejun.
Poyang Lake is the only waterway from the north to Jiangxi in ancient times, and there are countless anecdotes and folklore of literati on Poyang Lake.
Wang Bo, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a famous sentence in Preface to Wang Teng-ting: "The fishing boat sings late and resounds on Li Peng's shore", which describes the happy scene of fishermen returning from fishing on Poyang Lake.
Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Li Sixun Painted the Yangtze River Island" that "the mountains are grey and the water is boundless, and the elder sister-in-law is in the river", describing the scenic spot of Poyang Lake.
There are many famous mountains and beautiful islands on Poyang Lake.
Shi Zhongshan and Dagushan in Hukou County, Nanshan and Laoye Temple in duchang county, and Luoxingdun in Xing Zi County are picturesque and pleasant.
Jiujiang Tourism Bureau connects all the scenic spots on Poyang Lake into a line through cruise ships, that is, Poyang Lake water tourism line.
Eight. Economic overview
Since 1950s, Poyang Lake has replaced Dongting Lake as the largest freshwater lake in China.
It is one of the main bases of freshwater fishery in China.
There are more than 90 kinds of fish, including carp, bighead carp, crucian carp, □, bream, □, mandarin fish, catfish and mackerel. Among them, shad and whitebait are famous.
In recent years, the lake has been built around it.
The lake is rich in water chestnut, lotus, lotus root, reed and so on.
Wild birds include pheasants, geese, swans, bustards, seagulls, herons, etc. In addition, mink, beaver, muskrat, bullfrog, hairy crab and pearl oyster are also introduced.
In the lakes around Yongxiu, Xinjian and Xing Zi, rare birds such as red-crowned cranes and swans often live in winter.
In order to protect migratory birds, 1983 established Poyang Lake Nature Reserve, and 1988 designated it as a national nature reserve.
Rivers in Jiangxi, Guangxi, Xiushan, Fuzhou and Poyang Lake flow into the Yangtze River through Poyang Lake, among which Ganjiang waterway is the most important. Since ancient times, Wuling has been the north-south crossroads leading to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Travel around the main waterway.
Poyang Lake Plain is one of the important commodity grain bases in China.
Important cities are Nanchang, Jiujiang, Jingdezhen and Linchuan.
The "Devil's Triangle" of Poyang Lake.
On April 6th, 1945, the Japanese transport ship "Kobe Maru" with more than 2,000 tons suddenly disappeared (sank to the bottom of the lake) while sailing to the waters of Laoyemiao in the northwest of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, and none of the more than 200 people on board escaped.
Later, the Japanese navy sent people to sneak into the lake for reconnaissance. Everyone who went into the water, except Zhao at the foot of the mountain, disappeared mysteriously.
After taking off his diving suit at the foot of the mountain, Zhao was frightened and then went insane.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Edward Bohr, a famous American diving expert, and his party came to Poyang Lake. After months of salvage, they still found nothing. Besides Edward Bohr, several American divers have disappeared here.
Poyang Lake receives water from five rivers, namely Jiangxi, Fuzhou, Guangxi and Raohexiu, and is connected with the Yangtze River, the largest river in China.
At normal water level, Poyang Lake covers an area of 39 14 square kilometers and has a volume of 30 billion cubic meters.
Its annual inflow into the Yangtze River exceeds the sum of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River.
There are about 200,000 hectares in Jiujiang, Poyang Lake, and there are six counties (districts) including Duchang, Hukou, Xing Zi, Yongxiu, De 'an and Lushan. It is a pearl in northern Jiangxi.
Poyang Lake, formerly known as Pengze, Penghu and guanting lake, has grown from scratch to large in the long historical era.
As early as Proterozoic geological history, the lake area was a part of the Yangtze Trough. During the Yanshan movement about 8.9 billion years ago, the crust of the lake area broke, forming a cone of Poyang Lake Basin.
Legend has it that during the period of the Yellow Emperor, "Peng Stupid Ze" spread to the south, and the lake reached Poyang Lake today.
Before Peng Mangze invaded the south, the low-lying Poyang Basin used to be a densely populated town. With the continuous invasion of the lake, Poyang County and Haiyunhou County in Poyang Lake Basin have been flooded into the lake one after another, and Wucheng, which is located near Haiyunhou County, has become one of the four ancient towns in Jiangxi. Therefore, there is a saying in history that "Haifaint Houxian County was flooded and wucheng town was out".
Poyang Lake is vast in smoke and water. After a long geological evolution, it has formed a shape that is wide in the south and narrow in the north, just like a huge gourd tied to the belt of the Yangtze River.
Due to the influence of the southeast monsoon with abundant water vapor, the annual rainfall of Poyang Lake is above 1 1,000 mm, forming a humid monsoon climate of "Zeguo Caofang Biyi, Plum Blossom Yellow Rain" and becoming a famous land of fish and rice.
Poyang Lake Basin has been a rich area with relatively developed economy in China since ancient times. Many outstanding figures in the history of China, such as Xu Zhimo, Tao Yuanming, Lin,,, etc., were born and raised in the Lake District.
There have been many heroic deeds here, such as Zhou Yu's naval training, Zhu Yuanzhang's Poyang Lake water battle in Chen Youliang, Taiping Army's "Lake Day Victory" and Li Liejun's "Second Revolution" in Hukou.
Poyang Lake is the only waterway from the north to Jiangxi in ancient times, and there are countless anecdotes and folklore of literati on Poyang Lake.
Wang Bo, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a famous sentence in Preface to Wang Tengting: "The fishing boat sings late, ringing Li Pengan's shore", which describes the happy scene of fishermen returning from fishing on Poyang Lake.
Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Li Sixun Painted the Yangtze River Island" that "the mountains are grey and the water is boundless, and the elder sister-in-law is in the river", describing the scenic spot of Poyang Lake.
There are many famous mountains and beautiful islands on Poyang Lake.
Shi Zhongshan and Dagushan in Hukou County, Nanshan and Laoye Temple in duchang county, and Luoxing Lake in Xing Zi County are picturesque and refreshing.
Jiujiang Tourism Bureau connects all the scenic spots on Poyang Lake into a line through cruise ships, that is, Poyang Lake water tourism line.
Poyang Lake, a beautiful lake, a mythical lake, full of poetry and painting. She is like a girl in light makeup, smiling affectionately at every tourist and strolling over Yanghu Lake.
Luo Xingshi is located in Xing Zi County, Jiujiang City, close to Zhou Yu's desk.
The falling star stone, commonly known as the falling star pier, is dozens of feet across and looks like a star. The water in Poyang Lake rises and falls, and this stone is not in the water. According to legend, this stone is the name of Meteor and Xing Zi County, which comes from.
Dagushan was called "Dushi" in the Six Dynasties, and it was nicknamed "Xieshan" because of its shoe shape.
Poyang Lake is located in the south of Hukou County, Jiujiang City.
According to legend, there was a young fisherman named Hu Mingchun in ancient times. He found a box in the fishing net of Poyang Lake, which contained a pearl, so he went home happily.
There was a girl in green on the road, crying and asking her why, saying that she had lost her pearl. Yu Lang Chun Hu immediately returned it to her, and the girl thanked him and left.
Another day, Yu Lang was fishing when it suddenly rained heavily. It was already dark when he braked. When he was in danger, a girl in green took a pearl in her hand to guide Yu Lang and turned the corner.
This girl is a jade girl in Yaochi, and her name is Aunt. Because she violated heaven, she was exiled to Poyang Lake and lived alone between the blue waves.
The two became a good couple because of their admiration.
Fisherman Shengtai saw the beauty of his elder sister-in-law, but he was thoughtless and failed to achieve anything.
On the other hand, the Jade Emperor knew that Elder Sister-in-law and Chun Hu were married, so he sent heavenly soldiers to catch Elder Sister-in-law, and the fisherman Shengtai also took the opportunity to harm Chun Hu.
When the elder sister-in-law was hijacked in the air, she saw that Chun Hu was wounded by Sheng Tai and wanted to kill him.
My aunt was helpless, kicked off her shoes and turned into a cliff, suppressing Shengtai at the bottom of the lake.
This shoe becomes a mountain, so Dagu Mountain is actually Dagu Mountain.
Dagu Mountain stands in the middle stream on three sides, with a circumference of 500 meters. There is only one cave in the northwest corner, which can be used for berthing ships and boats.
Tianhou Palace and dressing table were originally built on the mountain, but now they have been destroyed.
Looking at the foot of the mountain, clear water and white sails are surrounded by infinite blue sky, full of poetry and painting.
Zhou Yu's desk is located on the Poyang Lake in Xing Zi County, Jiujiang City.
According to legend, during the Three Kingdoms period, Zhou Yushou, commander-in-chief of Dongwu, was guarding Chai Sang (now Jiujiang City), and the commander-in-chief of the water army was trained here.
This platform is about 7 meters high.
It's made of granite, with a supporting door passage under the stage and a double-eaved wooden tower on the stage.
Poyang Lake Migratory Birds Reserve is located near Wanghuting in the south of Poyang Lake.
Poyang Lake is a paradise for wintering birds because of its pollution-free water quality and abundant fish.
Hunting is strictly prohibited in the reserve, and offenders will be severely punished.
All kinds of migratory birds in the reserve can "coexist peacefully".
The most precious red-crowned crane belongs to national first-class protection and is particularly important.
In the east of the reserve, there is a migratory bird viewing area in lakes and swamps, which is specially open to tourists.