Independence Day: August 7th (1960) National Day: 65438+ February 7th National Flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. The flag surface consists of three parallel and equal vertical rectangles, which are orange, white and green from left to right. Orange represents the prairie, white represents the unification of the north and the south, and green represents the virgin forest in the south. Orange, white and green are also interpreted as national patriotism, peace and purity, and hope for the future. National emblem: the central pattern is the coat of arms. There is an African elephant head on the green shield. Ivory is a national symbol, and C? te d 'Ivoire means "Ivory Coast". There is a pattern of the sun on the coat of arms and an oil palm tree on each side, which is one of the main cash crops in the country. The ribbon at the lower end says "C? te d 'Ivoire and the country". National motto: Union, Discipline, Travail (French, unity, discipline, labor) State official: President Laurent Gbagbo, took office on June 26, 2000. Capital: Yamoussoukro, the political capital, with a population of 240,000 (65,438+0,998), is located 220km north of Abidjan and is the hometown of the first President Felix Houphouet-Boigny after independence.
[Edit this paragraph] Physical geography
geographical environment
It covers an area of 322,463 square kilometers. It is located in the west of Africa, bordering Liberia and Guinea in the west, Mali and Burkina Faso in the north, Ghana in the east, tuya Bay in Guinea and C? te d 'Ivoire in the south, with a coastline of about 50 kilometers. The terrain slopes slightly from northwest to southeast. The coastal terrain is low and flat, with many mangrove swamps, sandbars and lagoons; The inland areas are mostly plains and low plateaus below 400 meters above sea level, and the mountains in Guinea Highland in the northwest and Nimba Mountain in the southwest are steep. There are Manda Mountain and Qiuli Mountain at an altitude of 500- 1000 meters in the northwest, a low plateau at an altitude of 200-500 meters in the north and a coastal lagoon plain below 50 meters in the southeast. Ningba Mountain (Keji border), the highest peak in the whole territory, is1752m above sea level.
trunk stream
Bendama, Komoi, sassandra river and cavalli rivers.
climate
It has a tropical climate. South of 7 degrees north latitude is the rainforest, and north of 7 degrees north latitude is the savanna. The average annual temperature in most areas is 26-28℃, the annual precipitation from north to south is 1000-2400 mm, and the forest area is about 1 10000 square kilometers. There are many wild animals, such as apes, elephants and hippos.
Human population
17500 thousand people. There are about 60 tribes in China, which are mainly divided into four ethnic groups: Akon (about 42%), Mandi (about 27%), Crewe (about 15%) and Walter (about 16%). Each tribe has its own language, and Dioulah (without writing) is widely used in most parts of the country. The official language is French. 40% of the people believe in Islam, 27.5% in Catholicism, and the rest believe in fetishism.
Major city
Abidjan: the economic capital of Kuwait, the seat of the presidential palace, government and parliament. The current population is 3 million, of which foreigners account for about one third. Abidjan is a tourist city in Abidjan, the international economic capital. It is close to a lagoon (saltwater lake), with beautiful scenery, many shops and convenient transportation. The tallest buildings in this city are the ivory hotel and the agricultural building, both of which have 30 floors. There are 20-30 hotels in Oichi, including 2 five-star hotels and 4-5 four-star hotels. * * * governs the whole city 10 districts. Cocody district is a high-grade residential area, and Kaierli district is also forming a high-grade residential area. The plateau is a white area, while Agame and Tiris Ville are relatively poor black residential areas, inhabited by immigrants from neighboring countries in West Africa. There are five industrial zones in the city: Youbugong, Kumasi, Freddy, Macori and Teres. Large factories include oil refineries with an annual output of more than 2 million tons and 600,000 kilowatts of thermal power plants. Abidjan Port is the largest natural port in West Africa and one of the largest container ports on the African continent. The water depth in the harbor is 20-30 meters, and the harbor can accommodate 60 ships at the same time. After the successful excavation of the 1950 Voridi Canal, all the 6-70 km long docks in Abidjan's lagoon can be used, and 20,000-ton ships can freely enter and exit, and each dock is directly connected with the railway. Abidjan is the financial and trade center of West Africa. Citibank and Standard Chartered Bank have branches here, and the headquarters of West African Central Bank and African Development Bank are also in Abidjan. There are supermarket chains such as HAYAT, CASH CENTER, SOCOCE and Ajiamei wholesale and retail market in the city. Abidjan is the seaport and distribution center of import and export goods for landlocked countries such as Mali and Burkina Faso. Abidjan has a large modern international airport. Yamoussoukro: The hometown of the late President Boigny, with a population of 240,000. 1983, 10 In March, Kuwait's National Assembly formally passed a resolution to move its capital to Asia, and now it is called the political capital of Kuwait. Asian cities have wide streets and clean city appearance. Major large-scale buildings have been built, including the Presidential Palace, the Presidential Hotel, the Boigny Foundation Building, the Party Department, the Public Works College and the Higher Technical College, the municipal government, the cathedral and the grand mosque. There is a modern airport in Asia that can take off and land Boeing 747 and other large aircraft. Bouaké: The second largest city in C? te d 'Ivoire, located in central C? te d 'Ivoire, with a population of 500,000. Bouaké, located in the center of coffee and cocoa growing areas, is the processing and trading place of these two main agricultural products. There are also large textile mills here, and the textile industry is relatively developed. This city is an important transportation hub in Kuwait. Roads leading to northern Kuwait and northern neighboring countries such as Mali and Burkina Faso pass through the city, and the domestic section of the Abidjan-Ouagadougou railway section also passes through it. Bouaké is a cargo distribution center between C? te d 'Ivoire and its northern inland neighbors, with developed commerce and transportation.
[Edit this paragraph] History
Ivory Coast was translated before 1986. During the Middle Ages, some small kingdoms were established, such as Miyagi Kingdom, Indore Kingdom and Asini Kingdom. 165438+ Gongge City, founded in the north by Mrs. Senu in the 20th century, was one of the north-south trade centers in Africa at that time. /kloc-In the second half of the 5th century, Portuguese, Dutch and French colonists invaded and plundered ivory and slaves, and a famous ivory market was formed in coastal areas. 1 1 century, Gongge City, founded by Mrs. Senu in the north, was one of the north-south trade centers in Africa. In the13-15th century, northern Keke once belonged to the Mali Empire. /kloc-In the second half of the 5th century, Portuguese, Dutch and French colonists invaded one after another. Plunder ivory and slaves, and form a famous ivory market along the coast. 1475, Portuguese colonists named this place C? te d 'Ivoire (meaning Ivory Coast). 1842 became a protectorate of France. 1882, the whole territory became a French colony. 1893, the French government passed a decree to determine Keke as a French autonomous colony. 1895 is classified as French West Africa. 1946 was designated as an overseas territory of France. 1957 became a "semi-autonomous republic". 1958 12 became the "autonomous * * * Republic" within the "isomorphism of France". 1960 declared independence on August 7, but remained in the "French identity". In April, 196 1 broke away from "the same body of France". From 1 98665438+1October1,the Chinese name of the country was translated into the current name. Drogba
[Edit this paragraph] Successive heads of state
Successive presidents
1960.12-1993.12 Felix Houphouet-Boigny, 1938+0938.
Successive prime ministers
1990.1-1993.12 Alassane Ouattara,1942-1993.1.
[Edit this paragraph] Politics
form
The current constitutions 1960, 1 1 were approved and implemented by the National Assembly on 10, 1963, 1975, 1980 and/kloc-0 respectively. The Constitution stipulates that the presidential system shall be implemented and the executive, legislative and judicial powers shall be separated. The president is elected by universal suffrage and is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. His term of office is five years and he can be re-elected. 1the constitution revised in June 1998 stipulates that the term of office of the president is extended from 5 years to 7 years; Only people aged 40-75 born in C? te d 'Ivoire and their parents are eligible to run for president. The president has executive power and appoints a prime minister, who is no longer the head of government. Parliament consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. When the president is vacant or unable to perform his duties, the speaker of the Senate will act as the president and organize a new presidential election within 90 days.
parliament
The National Assembly is the highest legislative body, and its members are elected by constituencies for a term of five years. The current parliament is composed of 1995, 1 1, with members 175 (five of them are returned by 1996 by-election, 149 are from the Democratic Party, 65,438 are from the People's Alliance, and 65,438 are from the People's Alliance. The term of office of the Speaker is 5 years and can be re-elected.
administrative division
In order to ensure the coordinated development of economic, social and cultural undertakings, in June of 199 1, the Kuwaiti government divided the whole territory into 10 regions, and several provinces (dédepartment) were under its jurisdiction. The governor of the capital of the jurisdiction is responsible for the coordination of this area, but it is not considered as a first-level administrative agency. In July 1996, it was changed to 12 area, and in October 16 area. In 2000, the government carried out a large-scale administrative division adjustment, and the number of large regions increased to 19, and the whole country was divided into 58 provinces and 243 counties. 200 1 1 1, Abidjan and Yamoussoukro were changed to provincial cities. Name of Region and Province E2000 Area (km) Capital CE2003 Anibi l' Agnébi 64 1, 400 9,080 Aboville
Azopee Adzopé
Aboville, Aboville.
Ba Fen Ba Fen158,700 8,720 Tuba.
Tuba 158700 8720
Lower Sassandra in Lower Sassandra 937,700 25,800 San Pedro157,000 San Pedro.
San Pedro-Pedro
Sassandra Sassandra 156500
Soubre 449 800 8270 Soubre
Deng Guelleh and Uele
Odienne
Shan 18 Montanes1.051.6001.6600 manman 1.389 million bangolo 1.669 million 2060.
Biancu Ma Biancu Ma 144600 4950
Danane
Mangeman 4 17200 4990
Gagnoa 40 1, 000 4,500
Wu Mei Ume
Sassandra Upper Sassandra 1.055600 1.5200 Daloa 206200 Daloa 525700 5450.
Isia Issia 283,500 3,590
246，400 6， 160
Lake Lax 53 1.600 8.940 Yamoussoukro 1.856 million
Tiebisu Tiebisu Yamoussoukro
Tumoditumodi 1 17700 2780
Yamoussoukroyamoussoukro
La Cuneaz L.
Abidjan Abidjan
Alebe Alepee Abidjan
Dabu Dabu
Jacqueville, Jacqueville
Dalu nationality 76600 2280, Lao Wu
Tiasale Tiasale 192900 3370
Malawi Bovary.
Bovary 238,400 3,980, Bovary, Bovary.
Simfra 175000 1 690 Suenura 166400 2830.
Central cavalli 394,20014, 150 Guiglo.
Duekui 147500 Duekui 2930.
Guiglo 246,70011,220 Toulepleu Guiglo.
Moe Moyen-comoé434 200 6 900 Abengourou 102 000
Abengourou Abengourou 3 1 1.500 5200
Anibileku ag nibilé krou 122，700
Enzi-Komoenzi-Komoe809,40019,560 Dimbokro
Bo Kanda Bo Kanda Dimbocro
Banggu Anu Banggu Nu 327 800 5 570
D 'Okloda Oklo 125700 3 6 10
Dimbokro
M Bayac Luo149,500 5,460, M Bayac Luo.
Prairie 1, 08 1, 000 40,323 Kehogo169,200
Benjali Benjali
Ferkessedougu Ferkessedougu
Korhogo Korhogo
80 400 2200
Sud-Bandama 735, 100, 10, 650 Divo 159, 100 in South Bundama.
Divo
Lakota Lakota 168600 2730
South Comoa Aboisso 328,500 6,250
Abso 328,500 6,250, Abso, Abso.
Adi Ake Adiak Abso
Grand Bassam-Bassam
Valle Du E Bandama of Bendama Valley1.188,000 28,530 Bouaké 549,800.
Beumi Bemio
Bouaké of Bouaké
Dabaka LADA BAKARA
Sakasu Sakasu 86,5001,880
Vorodu Guvo Rodugu
Manco Norman Kono 179900 10660
Ghelase Guerra 176, 100 1 1, 240.
Zanzan Bangduku 746,300,38,000 Bangduku.
Bondouku Bondouku 255400 10040
Bunabner195,500 21470
Tanda Tanda 295 400 6 490
C? te d' Ivoire C? C? te d 'Ivoire 15 774 600 322 463 Yamoussoukro
[1] provincial capitals and provinces have the same name.
political party
1On April 30th, 990, the multi-party system was announced, with 4 1 legitimate political parties. The main political parties are: 1, the ruling party, the Democratic Party of C? te d 'Ivoire. Established on April 30th, 1946, founded by Felix Houphouet-Boigny. Become the ruling party after independence. Chairman henri konan bedie, 65438+1elected on April 30, 1994; Secretary-General Laurent Dona Fologo. In the 10th National Congress of the Democratic Party held in June 1996, both Bedie and Fologo were re-elected. 2. The main opposition party of the Front populaire ivoirien. Founded in 1982, party member has 580,000 people, with intellectuals and young students as the backbone. Advocate socialism. 1organized a large-scale demonstration in February 1992, which triggered violent incidents of beating, smashing, looting and burning. After being suppressed by the government, he gave up the violent struggle and seized power peacefully through elections. 1995 10, calling for boycotting the presidential election, and then actively participating in the legislative election. Close relationship with the French Socialist Party. 1In July 1996, the second national congress was held, and Pascal N'Guessan and the leaders of the Ivorian Workers' Party held the first national congress in August 1992 1992. They adopted resolutions and other documents on the joint strategy of left-wing parties, reaffirmed the idea of convening a national conference and establishing a transitional government, and elected new leading bodies. First Secretary Francis Waddy. 4. The Union of Republicans in C? te d 'Ivoire (1994 10) was announced in 10. The main members are dissidents in the former Democratic Party, former government members and independents. General Secretary Alassane Ouattara.
[Edit this paragraph] Economy
money
Currency name: CFA franc exchange rate (1997): 1 USD =583.67 CFA franc inflation rate (1997): 5.8%.
resources
The main mineral deposits are diamonds, gold, manganese, nickel, uranium, iron and oil. The proven oil reserves are about 654.38+0.2 billion tons, natural gas reserves are 654.38+0.56 billion cubic meters, iron is 3 billion tons, bauxite is 654.38+0.2 billion tons, nickel is 440 million tons and manganese is 35 million tons. There are 2.5 million hectares of forest.
industry
According to the development report of African Development Bank 1999, the total industrial and mining production value of C? te d 'Ivoire 1997 is US$ 3.979 billion, accounting for 38.8% of the GDP. There are about 8 15 enterprises in China, with 80,000 employees and a total capital of 425 billion CFA francs, of which state capital accounts for 55%. Food processing is the main industrial sector, accounting for 35% ~ 40% of all industrial business; Followed by cotton textile industry; There are also oil refining, chemicals, building materials and wood processing industries. In recent years, oil production has increased rapidly, with a daily output of 0/000 barrels in April and 0/996 barrels in February.
Agriculture, forestry and fisheries
C? te d 'Ivoire is an agricultural country, and agriculture plays an important role in the national economy. According to the development report of African Development Bank 1999, the total output value of agriculture and animal husbandry in 1997 was 2.799 billion US dollars, accounting for 27.3% of the GDP. The export of agricultural products accounts for 60% of the total export revenue. The cultivated land area is 8.02 million hectares, and 80% of Ivorian farmers are engaged in agricultural production while picking cocoa. Cash crops occupy an important position. Cocoa and coffee are two main cash crops. The planting area is 6.5438+0.87 million hectares and 6.5438+0.37 million hectares respectively. The output and export volume of cocoa rank first in the world, and the export income accounts for 50% of the total national export. Coffee production now ranks seventh in the world. Seed cotton production ranks third in Africa, palm production ranks first in Africa and third in the world. Food is not self-sufficient, mainly corn, millet, sorghum, rice, cassava, yam and so on. 1997 Output of main crops (unit: 10,000 tons): cocoa 108.4, coffee 27, banana 20 and pineapple 26.5. C? te d 'Ivoire is rich in forest resources, and timber was once the third largest export product. Due to excessive logging, agricultural development, drought and forest fires, the forest area has dropped sharply; 1960 has150,000 hectares, and 199 1 year has only 2.5 million hectares left. The government has taken measures to limit deforestation and timber export. 194 The output of logs was 2.6 million cubic meters, with 300,000 cubic meters exported, and the annual output of wood processing was 2.3 million cubic meters, with 850,000 cubic meters exported. Animal husbandry is underdeveloped. Eggs are basically self-sufficient and half of the meat is imported. The output of beef and mutton is about 40,000 tons, pork 1 10,000 tons, and all kinds of poultry are more than 26,000 tons. The fishery output value accounts for 7% of the total agricultural output value, and the employed population is 70,000. The annual fishing capacity is 800-654.38 million tons, of which 40% is for domestic consumption.
tourism
In recent years, the development of tourism and tourism resources has been paid attention to. 199 1, the government announced tax reduction measures to promote the development of tourism. 1996 received about 236,000 tourists and earned 45 billion CFA francs. Number of employees 1.5 million. There are 24 travel agencies and offices and 452 hotels in China, and the room utilization rate is 45%. The Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro is one of the largest Christian churches in the world and an important tourist attraction.
transport
C? te d 'Ivoire is one of the most developed countries in Africa. 1994, the transportation industry accounts for 6.3% of the GDP. More than 98% of import and export trade is carried out by sea. 1993, the number of employees in the maritime sector was 14000, and the output value was11600 million CFA francs. Abidjan Port is the largest natural harbor in West Africa and the largest container port in Black Africa. It is also the main seaport and distribution center for import and export goods of inland countries in West Africa. Port equipment is relatively perfect; It can berth more than 60 ships at the same time and load and unload 22,000 containers annually. The designed annual throughput is 20 million tons, and the throughput of 1995 is 1 1.6 million tons. San Pedro Port is the second largest port with an annual throughput of 6.5438+200,000 tons, mainly carrying timber. The railway is mainly the main railway line from Abidjan to Niger, with a total length of 630 kilometers in C? te d 'Ivoire. 1993 The freight volume is 260,000 tons and the passenger volume is 760,000 passengers. Cote d 'Ivoire Railway Company owns 19 locomotives. Highway: The highway network extends in all directions. The total length is more than 68,000 kilometers, including expressway 14 1 kilometer and asphalt road of 5,440 kilometers. There are five in the country? There are 850 freight forwarders with 3 1. 1 10,000 vehicles, including 0/.7,000 trucks. Abidjan, Bouaké, Yamoussoukro and other 28 airports can take off and land large aircraft. Abidjan International Airport is the largest airport among French-speaking countries in Africa. In addition to operating domestic routes, Air C? te d 'Ivoire has also opened flights to Mali, Burkina Faso and Guinea. The main international routes are operated by African Airlines headquartered in Abidjan. Twenty-five foreign airlines have started regular flights to C? te d 'Ivoire.
Finance and money
According to the development report of African Development Bank 1999, the fiscal revenue of C? te d 'Ivoire in 1997 was US$ 2.4 billion and the expenditure was US$ 2.6 billion. The deficit was $200 million, accounting for 2% of the export revenue of that year. 1997 The total foreign debt is1768 billion US dollars, accounting for 172.5% of GDP. From 1980 to 1990, the average annual growth rate of foreign debt servicing was 9.8%, and from 199 1 997, the average annual growth rate was 2.8%. The foreign exchange reserve of 1998 is $62.6 million.
foreign trade
The foreign trade surplus in successive years occupies an important position in the national economy. Mainly exporting cocoa, coffee, palm oil, cotton, rubber and wood, and importing machinery and equipment, crude oil, transportation, chemicals, building materials, electrical appliances and food. The total export value of 1996 is $565,438 +0. 1 100 million, and the import value is $4,065,438+700 million.
foreign aid
1995 * * * accepting foreign aid121230,000 USD. Among them, France is 5160 thousand. According to the statistics of African Development Bank, 1985 ~ 1997 * * received a total of $3,030.9 million in foreign aid.
[Edit this paragraph] Military
The national armed forces, established on July 27th, 1960, are composed of the armed forces, gendarmerie and national guard. The National Defense Commission is the highest military decision-making body. The President is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the Minister of National Defense is specifically responsible for the management of the armed forces. General Gui Robert, Brigadier General's Chief of Staff. Compulsory military service is implemented, and the service period is 6 months. China has four military regions. Armed forces * * * 8,400 people: including 6,800 people in the army, equipped with 5 light tanks, 2/kloc-0 armored vehicles, more than 300 rockets, and anti-aircraft guns 19 guns; 900 navy personnel, equipped with 10 patrol boat, 4 light ships, 1 amphibious aircraft; The air force has 700 people, equipped with 19 combat aircraft and 8 helicopters. 4,400 gendarmes. * * * and the National Guard 1 100, under the direct command of the President. Militia 1500 people. And 12000 reserve. Weapons and equipment are mainly provided by France.