1.

Synthetic fertilizers have contributed greatly to the development of modern agriculture, which is why German chemist Fritz Haber won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1918.

Fritz Haber produced ammonia from the air, which freed mankind from the passive situation of relying on natural nitrogen fertilizer and accelerated the development of world agriculture. However, he is not only an angel who brings abundant harvest to mankind, but also a devil who brings pain and death to mankind. Fritz Haber served as the director of the chemical arsenal in World War I, and developed war weapons such as chlorine gas and mustard gas, and nearly one million people died here.

2.

In p>1974, Martin Ryle and hewish of Cambridge University won the Nobel Prize in Physics that year. Ryle won the prize because of his observation and invention, especially the invention of synthetic aperture technology. Hewish is due to his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars.

However, hewish once thought that the pulse signal of pulsar was sent by aliens, and the real hero was a graduate student named Jocelyn Bell, who had deduced earlier that the signal source was a rotating star. But because she is only a graduate student, her achievements have been "stolen".

Third,

Rosalind Franklin is also a tragic figure in the history of the Nobel Prize. In 195s, the British physical chemist and crystallographer obtained the first crystal diffraction picture "Photo 51" of DNA by X-ray crystallography.

However, in the scientific research environment at that time, discrimination against female scientists existed everywhere. Franklin's leader Wilkins gave photos to two other scientists in the laboratory, James Watson and francis harry compton crick, without Franklin's knowledge. According to the photos, they introduced the double helix structure of DNA.

In p>1962, the Nobel Prize in Physiology was awarded to Watson, Wilkins and Crick, and they did not thank Franklin in their published articles. Franklin died of cancer in 1958.

Extended information

Special events of the Nobel Prize

The Nobel Committee has a hard rule: it cannot be awarded to the deceased. However, this rule was also accidentally broken. In 211, ralph steinman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for "discovering dendritic cells and their role in acquired immunity". Unfortunately, ralph steinman died of pancreatic cancer three days before the Nobel Prize was awarded.

The Nobel Congress said that it was three hours after the Nobel Committee officially awarded steinman the Nobel Prize in Medicine that he learned of his death. Steinman's university officials learned the bad news from his family when they compiled the award-winning information for him.

the nobel prize is not awarded to the deceased, but the rules of the nobel foundation specifically state that if someone wins the prize but dies before receiving it, the prize is still valid. This is the first case in the history of the Nobel Prize.

Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia-Nobel Prize