(A) the internal causes of financing difficulties for SMEs
1, lack of modern management concept, and high business risk. With the development of enterprises. The traditional management methods used in the early stage of starting a business can't keep up with the pace of enterprise development. Some small and medium-sized enterprises still have some problems, such as imperfect corporate governance structure, weak management ability, low technical content of products, weak anti-risk ability of enterprises, lack of sustainable development ability, and high overall debt level of small and medium-sized enterprises, which makes the credit risk of financial institutions too high. Generally speaking, small and medium-sized enterprises have no medium-and long-term goals, and their business behavior is short-term (usually only 3-4 years), so there is a great possibility of bankruptcy or bankruptcy. According to the report released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in June 5438+February 2009, according to the score of 10, the average health index of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is 6,57, which is in a sub-health state and the internal management level is also in the middle and lower reaches. According to the survey results in Zhejiang Province, China, about 70% of small enterprises went bankrupt within 1-3 years after they started business in 1990s. The short life cycle of small and medium-sized enterprises and the uncertainty of operation have inhibited the willingness of financial institutions to lend to some extent.
2. Small and medium-sized enterprises have low scale and credit level, which restricts their financing ability. Generally speaking, enterprise financing should have "5Cs", namely, morality, ability, capital, guarantee and business environment. At present, China's small and medium-sized enterprises mostly adopt the owner system and partnership system, and the scale is small. At the same time, many small and medium-sized enterprises have imperfect internal management systems, especially financial management systems. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have not established a sound financial system, and some even have not established accounting accounts. The fund management is chaotic, which greatly reduces their own credit and seriously weakens their financing ability. In 2009, the People's Bank of China conducted a survey in some areas where SMEs are concentrated. The survey shows that more than 50% of SMEs' financial management system is imperfect, and more than 60% of SMEs' credit rating is 3B or below. In addition, due to the lagging construction of social credit information system and credit information network system, the credit information transmission channels are not smooth, which leads to information asymmetry between banks and enterprises and greatly reduces the credit satisfaction rate of small and medium-sized enterprises.
3. Lack of mortgaged property and high financing cost. Because banks prefer the fixed assets mortgage of SMEs, they are generally unwilling to accept the current assets mortgage of SMEs. However, small and medium-sized enterprises, especially high-tech enterprises, have a large proportion of fixed assets and intangible assets, and lack of real estate as collateral, which is risky and difficult to meet the lending requirements of financial institutions. Small and medium-sized enterprises seek guarantee from guarantee institutions, because the term of most secured loans is within half a year, and the longest is not more than one year; Credit guarantee institutions basically only provide short-term working capital loans without long-term loans such as equipment investment, which increases the financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises. In addition, because the guarantee companies often raise the guarantee conditions under the condition of self-financing, the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises is virtually restricted, or the financing cost of enterprises is increased and the financing efficiency is affected through complicated guarantee procedures and high guarantee fees.
(B) the external causes of financing difficulties for SMEs
1, financial institution system defects. In China's financing pattern, bank loans account for the absolute proportion of corporate financing sources. Moreover, due to the rapid growth of credit balance and the relatively slow development of direct financing in recent years, the gap between loans and direct financing balance is getting bigger and bigger. As of June 5438+00, 2009, the proportion of bank loans and direct financing (including corporate bonds, initial public offering, additional issuance and rights issue) in China was 73% and 27% respectively. However, the four major state-owned and state-controlled commercial banks in China are in a dominant position in the deposit and loan market, and they still occupy more than 70% of the market share of bank loans. The high monopoly of the four state-owned banks reduces the financial resources available to small and medium-sized financial institutions and limits their ability to serve small and medium-sized enterprises, while large banks are reluctant to provide loans to small and medium-sized enterprises in pursuit of economies of scale and risk balance. According to statistics, at present, the loan share of large enterprises accounting for 0.5% of the total number of enterprises in China exceeds 50%, while the loan share of small enterprises accounting for 88. 1% is less than 20%.
2. Defects in the capital market. From the perspective of direct financing channels. There are two main ways: bond financing and stock financing. Due to the late, imperfect and slow development of China's capital market, the proportion of enterprises directly financing through the stock market and bond market is small. Judging from the financing situation of issuing bonds, the state issues bonds to enterprises ... >>
Question 2: Why is financing difficult for enterprises in China? If an enterprise wants to develop, it must raise capital from society, which is what we usually call financing. However, at present, Chinese enterprises have difficulty in financing, which in turn affects the economic development of Chinese enterprises and even the whole China. The financing problem of Chinese enterprises is mainly the financing problem of small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises. The financing of enterprises is realized through financial activities. Finance is the core of modern economy. Comrade * * * once said in 199 1 when he visited Shanghai: "Finance is very important and is the core of modern economy. Finance is doing well, and everything is alive when playing chess. " Finance is the core of modern economy, because it plays an important role in economic growth. Schumpeter, a famous economist, believes that well-functioning financial intermediaries can accelerate technological innovation by identifying and providing funds to entrepreneurs who are most likely to successfully implement innovative products and production processes. The financing problem of enterprises in China means that our financial system is far from what Schumpeter said. Second, the embodiment of enterprise financing difficulties 1, loan difficulties As far as the banking system is concerned, we are now dominated by four major state-owned banks and joint-stock banks, which are often reluctant to lend to small and medium-sized enterprises because of asymmetric costs and information. In fact, from the perspective of cost, for these big banks, the cost of a loan of 1 billion is the same as that of a loan of 65.438+0 million. So they are more willing to lend to large enterprises. From the perspective of information asymmetry, small and medium-sized enterprises should not only pay attention to the "hard information" such as investigating the financial statements of enterprises, but also pay attention to the "soft information" such as the work experience, moral conduct, employment, electricity consumption and tax payment of the person in charge of enterprises. It is difficult for loan approvers of big banks to obtain these "soft information" of SMEs. And those city commercial banks and rural commercial banks should have become the supplements of big banks, rooted in the local area, used their own cost advantages and information advantages to better provide loans to local SMEs and effectively solve the loan problems of SMEs. And our city commercial banks and rural commercial banks are thinking about how to expand outward every day, March into big cities, give up their dominant markets and compete with big banks in an all-round way. On the one hand, it is not conducive to its own development, on the other hand, it has not played its due positive role in solving the loan problem of small and medium-sized enterprises. 2. listing is more difficult. Listing financing is an important way of enterprise equity financing, and the stock market plays an increasingly prominent role in economy and finance. However, listing in China is very difficult. China's stock issuance and listing is subject to the approval system, and the CSRC and its issuance audit Committee decide whether an enterprise can go public. In recent years, the average number of listed companies is only about 350 per year, which is obviously far from meeting the financing needs of listed companies and does not match China's economic development. The Central Committee and the State Council have long proposed, and reiterated many times, to build a multi-level capital market and provide capital market financing channels for all kinds of enterprises at all stages of development, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, but our efforts in this regard are obviously far from enough. On the surface, we have a main board, a small and medium-sized board and a growth enterprise market. Recently, we are planning to launch the New Third Board. It seems that a multi-level capital market has been established, but it is actually superficial. In fact, China's small and medium-sized board and Growth Enterprise Market have not provided effective financing channels for small and medium-sized enterprises and start-ups, because the listing conditions stipulated by law are very low, but the listing conditions in actual examination and approval are very high. In addition, because the P/E ratio of GEM is higher than that of SME board, and SME board is higher than that of main board, many enterprises choose GEM and SME board to go public, which makes it difficult for real SMEs and start-ups to go public, further aggravating the contradiction. 3. It is even more difficult to issue bonds. China's bond market is divided into three countries. The CSRC, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the People's Bank of China (through the Association of Interbank Market Dealers) each manage one piece. The bonds supervised by the CSRC are generally called corporate bonds and can only be issued by listed companies. Therefore, if the enterprise does not go public, it will definitely not be issued. If it is listed, other conditions must be met before it can be issued. Obviously, issuing corporate bonds is more difficult than listing. The bonds supervised by the National Development and Reform Commission are called corporate bonds. In reality, the issuers of corporate bonds are basically state-owned enterprises. Taking 20 10 as an example, the issuers of corporate bonds are 157, including 152 state-owned enterprises. People's Bank of China >>
Question 3: Why is financing difficult for start-ups? Banks need to control risks. It is too risky for start-ups to raise funds from banks, and banks don't like high-risk start-ups
Entrepreneurial enterprises have no stable cash flow and profit, which is an important evaluation index of banks, and it is difficult for entrepreneurial enterprises to achieve;
Start-ups don't have many fixed assets. Without collateral, it is difficult for banks to finance start-ups now.
The high and unstable handling fee is also a reason.
Of course, there are many other factors that make it difficult for banks to provide financing for startups. Generally, the financing method of start-ups is venture capital or angel fund.
Question 4: What are the reasons for the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises in China? What is the financing situation of small and medium-sized enterprises and what are the countermeasures?
Since the reform and opening up, China's small and medium-sized enterprises have developed rapidly, playing an increasingly important role in the whole national economy and making great contributions to China's economic growth. At present, China's small and medium-sized enterprises account for 99% of the total number of enterprises, the total industrial output value and profits and taxes account for 60% and 40% respectively, and the annual export earnings account for 60%, providing 75% of urban employment opportunities. However, in recent years, due to the fierce competition among enterprises, many enterprises are facing great difficulties, and there are many factors that affect and restrict the further development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the most important of which is the financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises. We must solve these problems and create more financing conditions for SMEs to play a more important role in the future.
In some developed countries and regions in the world, the proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises in their national economy is quite high. For example, SMEs in the United States, Britain and Japan account for more than 90% of the national economy. They all encountered financing difficulties in their development. However, it * * * provides all kinds of support to help it remove these obstacles and solve the financing problem of SMEs. We also have every reason to believe that through specific research and analysis, policy adjustment and self-improvement of small and medium-sized enterprises will also solve the financing problem of small and medium-sized enterprises well, thus promoting the rapid and stable development of the national economy.
First, SME financing status and problems
1. Direct financing for SMEs. At present, the situation of direct financing for small and medium-sized enterprises is not very ideal. There are more than 1000 listed companies in China's main board market, most of which are state-owned enterprises. Only a few small and medium-sized enterprises in high-tech industries and basic industries with mature products, good benefits and broad market prospects can win the opportunity to go public directly or buy "shells" through asset replacement. Although China's relevant departments will soon introduce new regulations on corporate bond management, the issuers of corporate bonds will be relaxed, and the original project restrictions will be loosened, but for small and medium-sized enterprises, they will not be among the candidates for securities firms for a certain period of time. Employee fund-raising is the main financing means for small and medium-sized enterprises. Because it is difficult for enterprises to get the support of financial institutions in the initial stage, most small and medium-sized enterprises raise funds by raising funds from employees. Joint-stock system is an important financing method for restructured enterprises and joint-stock enterprises, and most of it has accounted for 10% of total assets.
2. Credit discrimination. In order to invigorate enterprises, the central government put forward the principle of "giving priority to small enterprises", requiring the banking sector to focus on supporting large enterprises and ensuring the credit of large enterprises, while ignoring small and medium-sized enterprises, and only considering small and medium-sized enterprises on the basis of ensuring large enterprises, resulting in credit discrimination of small and medium-sized enterprises and unequal financing between large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises. Lack of attention to the credit demand of SMEs. According to statistics, during the period of 1998, the four banks of industry, agriculture, China and China Construction increased loans by 2.085 billion yuan, of which non-state-owned economic loans only increased by 1 100 million yuan, and medium and long-term loans were almost zero. With the implementation of the development strategy of business to central cities put forward by commercial banks in various countries, some institutions tend to be "big but not small", and individual banks have regulations that enterprises with a certain amount or registered capital below 1 10,000 will not lend, which just breaks the main financing channels for small and medium-sized enterprises with "urgent, frequent, few and miscellaneous" loan needs.
3. Lack of credit system to provide guarantee for SME loans. As far as small and medium-sized enterprises are concerned, on the one hand, there are few fixed assets, insufficient mortgage and limited loans; On the other hand, in the process of restructuring, some small and medium-sized enterprises often evade fees and suspend bank debts, which damages their own credit. At the same time, enterprises also deeply feel that there are many links and costs in handling mortgage loans. For example, in the process of land and real estate mortgage evaluation and registration, the evaluation includes application, field investigation, price limit estimation, etc. And registration includes land ownership survey, cadastral surveying and mapping, registration of other rights of land, etc. , extremely cumbersome.
4. Financing discrimination of non-state-owned enterprises. For a long time, there has been an idea in * * * and banks that large enterprises are state-owned and lending them is a state-to-state enterprise, which will not cause the loss of state-owned assets. Small and medium-sized enterprises are mostly non-state-owned enterprises, with unstable benefits, poor loan recovery and poor reputation, which easily leads to the loss of state-owned assets. Therefore, banks are generally cautious in lending to SMEs, and the conditions are harsh. Although it has improved now, this phenomenon still exists.
5. The development of some regional small and medium-sized financial institutions is not standardized, and there is not enough support for small and medium-sized enterprises. Many regions have emerged in China's economy ... >>
Question 5: The difference between enterprise financing mode and enterprise financing difficulty. Financing mainly refers to the way of raising funds from outside the enterprise, including direct financing and indirect financing. Among them, direct financing mainly refers to the way of raising funds directly from shareholders, investors and other fund holders, such as issuing stocks in the stock market to obtain the funds needed for the development and operation of enterprises. Indirect financing mainly refers to the way to obtain funds through banks, finance companies, trust companies and other financial institutions by borrowing long-term and short-term loans and issuing bonds.
In addition to raising funds from outside the enterprise, that is, financing, financing activities should also include financial arrangements made by the enterprise to raise funds for the development of a project through reasonable arrangements for internal funds, such as after-tax profits, depreciation, investment income, etc.
From this perspective, the concept of financing is greater than the concept of financing.
Of course, financing and narrow financing are often mixed together in practice, which means the same thing.
Question 6: Financing difficulties and countermeasures of small and medium-sized enterprises. In a sense, the activity of small and medium-sized enterprises marks the vitality of a country or region's market economy. However, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China faces many obstacles, especially in fund raising. In many areas, the number of SMEs that can really get long-term loans is very limited. Of course, compared with large enterprises, it is common for small and medium-sized enterprises to have difficulty in financing. Only by solving some artificial and unreasonable obstacles that restrict the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises can we help them improve their competitiveness and long-term development.
Through a period of social practice, I found the following problems in SME financing.
(A) the enterprise's own reasons
1, low management level. Although China's small and medium-sized enterprises have developed rapidly in recent years, they still give people the impression of "poor, scattered and chaotic". On the one hand, the internal management system of small and medium-sized enterprises is not perfect, the product production technology is backward and the quality level is low, which forms a vicious circle of insufficient funds, poor operating performance, poor financing credit and poor financing credit. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have a high debt ratio, and they are extremely short of operating liquidity and development investment funds, which makes it impossible to carry out normal business and investment transformation. They can change their credit status by increasing profits in order to obtain various external credit financing. On the other hand, there are many small and medium-sized enterprises, involving many industries, and the phenomenon of multi-head account opening is more common, so it is difficult for the financial sector to grasp the real situation. And with the expansion of enterprise scale, the management level of production, marketing, finance and personnel of small and medium-sized enterprises can't keep up with the pace of enterprise development, which makes it difficult for enterprises to adapt to market competition and enter the track of benign development.
2. SME executives lack modern financing awareness. Mainly reflected in: (1) Most small and medium-sized enterprises lack modern debt management awareness and corresponding management methods, and have limited understanding of the relationship between corporate debt and business profits, so they cannot look at the role of corporate debt financing from a development perspective. (2) The management concept of most enterprise executives has not changed, and modern enterprises are not regarded as a process of capital value appreciation and cash flow maximization from the perspective of profit and cash flow, so the position of funds in production cannot be comprehensively viewed, thus ignoring the relationship between capital and liabilities, capital and management ability, and capital and operational risk. (3) Many enterprise executives lack understanding of modern financing tools, and simply think that financing is to borrow from banks, which is a single financing method. As a result, when the traditional financing channels are cut off, most small and medium-sized enterprises are in a desperate situation, not only lacking the thinking concept of using other financing methods, but also lacking the operational ability of financing, let alone carrying out modern financing innovation.
3. The financial information is distorted and banks are afraid to lend. Many small and medium-sized enterprises lack standardized management, sound management system and financial control system, with distorted financial information and low credibility. Some enterprises provide false or even forged financial information from the so-called "own needs", which makes the accounting statements lose their reliability and authenticity. The main basis for banks to issue loans is the balance sheet and financial revenue and expenditure of enterprises. An enterprise with a good balance sheet and financial revenue and expenditure can easily get credit support from banks. Or conversely, false accounting statements from Dallas to the auditorium make it difficult to guarantee the bank's credit assets, and it is easy to form non-performing assets. For the sake of capital security and self-interest, banks will not easily issue loans.
(2) Reasons of financial institutions
1, financial institutions lack enthusiasm for credit. First of all, commercial financial institutions in China aim at maximizing profits. However, China's small and medium-sized enterprises have weak financial strength and small scale, and there are few assets that can be used as loan collateral. At the same time, due to its own conditions, it is impossible to find a large-scale enterprise to guarantee it. Secondly, some small and medium-sized enterprises have backward production technology, low product technology content, high debt management and poor efficiency. Banks are unwilling and afraid to support them from their own interests.
It is risky to lend to small and medium-sized enterprises. This is mainly caused by the information asymmetry of SMEs. In the loan behavior, the borrower, as the operator of the enterprise and the user of funds, has a comprehensive grasp of the financial information of the enterprise, while the bank, as the lender, can only understand part of the relevant situation of the enterprise through the financial accounting statements. In order to obtain loans, corporate borrowers often exaggerate their own advantages, narrow down or even cover up their own shortcomings to some extent, and the comprehensiveness and authenticity of their disclosure information are relatively poor. Under the condition that its accounting system is not perfect, the state's accounting supervision is limited, and it is impossible for banks and other financial institutions to require small and medium-sized enterprises to be universal ... >>
Question 7: What are the main reasons for the financing difficulties of small enterprises?
1. From the research scope: macroeconomics, meso-economics, microeconomics.
2. From the perspective of historical development: family economics, political economics.
3. Ways to participate in economic development from * * *: market economy and planned economy.
4. From the economic subject: * * economy (also known as public economy or public economy) and non * * * economy (including enterprise economy, etc. ).
5. From the perspective of economic research objects: financial economics, industrial economics, etc.
Question 8: What are the reasons for the difficulty in financing enterprises? 1, theory: the enterprise is not mature enough. It is easy for a mature enterprise to borrow money from the bank, let alone in the limelight. So we can only go through other channels.
2. Reality: Other channels such as private lending are risky. Your own risk is big, and others are also at risk.
The expectation of starting a business is too small. Expectation = income * probability of income failure * probability of failure
Question 9: What are the institutional reasons for the financing difficulties of SMEs in China? 1. Background introduction.
With the deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises and the vigorous development of non-state-owned economy in China, the great role of small and medium-sized enterprises in economic operation is increasingly apparent. Under the background of economic transformation, due to the constraints of financial system, mechanism and policy, social credit system and many other factors, there are objectively many insurmountable economic, institutional and legal contradictions and problems in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Among these problems, the financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprises, as a universal problem, bears the brunt. Financing difficulty has become the main "bottleneck" restricting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. If this problem cannot be solved, it will seriously restrict the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and even the national economy.
Second, the development stage of SMEs
Small and medium-sized enterprises refer to enterprises with medium or below operating scale, which is relative to large enterprises. At present, there is no uniform standard for the definition of SMEs in some countries and regions in the world. Enterprise financing is a financing activity with enterprises as the main body of capital integration. It refers to an economic activity that an enterprise proceeds from its own production and operation situation and capital utilization, and raises funds needed for production and operation through certain channels and ways, or from investors and creditors of the enterprise.
Any enterprise has a growing life cycle from putting forward the idea to the establishment, development and maturity of the enterprise, which is generally divided into seed period, creation period, survival period, expansion period and maturity period. Enterprises at different stages of development have different requirements for financing, and the funds needed at different stages also have different characteristics.
(A) the financing characteristics of the seed stage. During this period, entrepreneurs need to invest a considerable amount of money in research and development, or test or verify their ideas. Therefore, there is not much money needed in the seed stage, and the investment is mainly used for the development and testing of new technologies or new products.
(B) the characteristics of financing during the founding of the People's Republic of China. Enterprises in the initial stage need to set up a company and put the developed products into trial production, so they need certain "threshold funds". It is often impossible to support these activities only by the funds of entrepreneurs, and because there is no past business record and credit record, it is very unlikely to apply for loans from banks. Therefore, the focus of financing at this stage is that entrepreneurs need to carry out equity financing with new investors or institutions.
(3) Financing characteristics of life cycle. Surviving enterprises need to vigorously explore the market and promote products, so they need a lot of money. Since the equity structure has been determined when the company was established, it is generally not easy to use equity financing. Therefore, the focus of financing at this stage is to make full use of debt financing.
(D) Financing characteristics in the expansion period. After entering the expansion period, the survival problem of enterprises has been basically solved. Enterprises have relatively stable customers and suppliers and good credit records, so it is relatively easy to obtain bank loans or use credit financing. However, with the rapid development of enterprises, the original asset scale can no longer meet the needs. To this end, enterprises must increase capital and share, and inject a lot of new capital.
(V) Financing characteristics in the mature period. In the mature stage, enterprises have their own relatively stable cash flow, and the demand for external funds is not as urgent as in the previous stage. The focus of maturity is to complete the listing of enterprises.
Third, the causes of financing difficulties for SMEs analysis
(1) less inner product. Mainly refers to the lack of internal accumulation capacity and internal financing of SMEs. With the continuous growth of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, the promotion of reform and the adjustment of internal distribution system, the disposable financial resources of enterprises have gradually increased, but few of them are really used for production development. Enterprises generally have a short-term tendency of "paying more attention to consumption than accumulation" in profit distribution, lack long-term business ideas, have a weak sense of self-accumulation, and rarely reserve funds to supplement operating funds from the perspective of enterprise development.
(B) the internal system is not standardized. In the seed period, creation period and survival period, the internal system of most small and medium-sized enterprises is still not perfect. There was no management experience when it was first built, and its impact on the outside world was not enough to get funds easily. In the seed stage, enterprises need to invest money to buy materials, and a reasonable financial system is needed in the enterprise management system. In terms of financing, enterprises lack formal enterprise planning and financing plan, lack understanding of enterprises themselves, excessively pursue short-term goals, and rarely consider long-term development strategies of enterprises. Even if banks or other financial institutions are interested in enterprise projects, when asked about enterprise products, markets, future planning and other issues, it is difficult to provide a document that truly describes the enterprise, and it is impossible to provide investors with a good sum of money ... >>
Question 10: What is the reason for the high financing cost of enterprises? First of all, from the perspective of small and micro enterprises, its inherent deficiency is the internal reason for its difficult and expensive financing. As we all know, small and micro enterprises have small scale, weak competitiveness, poor anti-risk ability and irregular management, which make the financing of small and micro enterprises have high risks. On the one hand, this high risk makes financiers unwilling to finance small and micro enterprises. On the other hand, even if the fund supplier is willing to provide financing for it, it will inevitably require small and micro enterprises to pay a relatively high "risk premium", which will inevitably lead to financing difficulties and expensive financing for small and micro enterprises.
Secondly, compared with other large enterprises, the financing cost of small enterprises is higher. For example, loans need to be guaranteed, and some guarantee companies generally charge 2% to 2.5%, which is a very large number. There are also consulting fees, so the related fees are high.
Third, the cost of bank financing is high, and the policy support for financing small and micro enterprises is not enough. For example, in fiscal and taxation policies, there is a lack of preferential policies and support policies for financing small and micro enterprises, which makes banks unwilling to expand financing for small and micro enterprises at their own risk, so the financing cost of small and micro enterprises is high.
So, how to solve these problems? There are many reasons for the difficulty and high cost of financing for small and micro enterprises. Therefore, only a multi-pronged approach can further reduce the financing costs of small and micro enterprises and effectively alleviate the financing difficulties and high costs of small and micro enterprises.
First, small and medium-sized enterprises should constantly improve themselves, and small and micro enterprises should constantly realize self-transformation, self-improvement and self-improvement in governance structure, operation and management, financial system and credit awareness, so as to meet the loan conditions of banks to the greatest extent, thus effectively reducing the credit risk of bank loans.
The second bank should also increase its support for small and medium-sized enterprises and take practical measures to reduce the financing cost and financing cost of enterprises. Banks should change their attitude towards small and micro enterprises in the past, attach importance to financing services for small and micro enterprises, take supporting the development of small and micro enterprises as their social responsibility, and provide tailor-made services and products for financing small and micro enterprises.
Third, the state should increase its support for the financing of small and micro enterprises, reduce the financing difficulty and cost of small enterprises as much as possible, broaden the financing channels of small and micro enterprises, and promote their healthy and steady development.