The longitudinal yarn or thread on the fabric is divided into X warp # jρng① by five times, which is opposite to the weft: warp | warp. (2) The line on the earth's surface that passes through the poles and is perpendicular to the equator: longitude | east longitude | west longitude. (3) Chinese medicine refers to the channels of human qi and blood: meridians | meridians. 4 passes; Forbidden: handle | pass | test | many twists and turns. 5 long-term; Normal: often | casually say | absurd. ⑥ Traditional authoritative works or works promoting religious teachings: Scriptures | Classics | Buddhist Scriptures. 7 engaged in; Governance: Business Manager Distribution Operation. Physiological phenomenon of women: menstruation | menstrual period. # j and ngdi m:n① refers to traditional authoritative works. (2) It refers to the fundamental works of various religions to preach teachings: The Diamond Sutra is one of the most important classics in Buddhism. (3) Authoritative works: classic writers. A Dream of Red Mansions is one of the most famous classics in China's classical literature. # jī ngguà ① Pass: We have to pass through a swamp on the way. 2 process; Experience: Tell me about it. After a long period of physical exercise, he lost weight and strengthened his physique. # j and ngji ① Income and expenditure of families or individuals. 2 save; Cheap: quite economical. ③ refers to a certain part of the national economy: industrial economy. ④ Social material production and reproduction activities: economic system. His family is relatively well off. # j ngli① What I saw with my own eyes, what I did with my own hands, and what I suffered with my own hands: people who have experienced war will cherish peace more. Two things I saw, did or suffered with my own eyes: my life experience. Grandpa told us about his experience of participating in the revolution and going to war. # j and ngyà n ① Knowledge and skills gained from practice. Two personal experiences. Teacher Zhang has rich teaching experience and is the backbone of the school. = = = = = = = = = = = More information about this word = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Jing (sound. From the water, the sound. Original meaning: water mirror) has the same original meaning as water mirror, so does water mirror. -Shuowen is a river in Yongzhou and a river in Jingling. -"Zhou Li paper sex" is muddy. -Poetry, Li Feng and Gu Feng, a tributary of the Weihe River. There are two sources: South and North. Beiyuan comes from Guyuan County at the eastern foot of Liupanshan Mountain in Ningxia. The south flows out of Huating County, Gansu Province, into Pingliang County, into Shaanxi Province in the southeast, and into Weihe River in Gaoling County. For example, rowing a boat with a clearly defined name of an ancient state and county is the pleasure of the immortals. —— The longitudinal lines of the warp fabric of Ye Shengtao's Lesson One. Opposite to "weft". Such as warping. 2. The degree of the distance between east and west on the ground is called "longitude". Geographically, it is assumed that the line crossing the South Pole and the North Pole at right angles to the equator starts from the meridian of the original site of Greenwich Observatory in Britain, which is called "East longitude" in the east, "West longitude" in the west and 180 degrees in the east and west. 3. normal, regular, routine: positive ~. ~ often. ~ expenses (recurrent expenses). ~ yes, often (the so-called classic is the routine). 4. Typical: ~ Canon. 5. A book that preaches religious teachings: Buddha. Saint ~. Gulan ~. 6. Governance, management and business: ~ management (also known as the person in charge of the enterprise and business). ~ tube. ~ business. 7. endure, endure, endure: ~ bitter. The wind and frost are everywhere. ⒏ Passed and Completed: ~ Calendar. Zeng ~. Yes ~. I fought many wars. Pass by, pass by: ~ hand. ~ yes. The way to Xi 'an. ⒑ TCM says that the main body of qi and blood circulation is "meridian": ~ pulse. ~ complicated. ⒒ Menstruation of women: ~ period. 5] hang yourself, hang yourself: from ~. ~ Its neck is on the branch. ⒔ ⒕ ① Management: Good at disciplines. (2) Broker, a person who matches buyers and sellers and gets commissions from them. 5] (1) The sum of social relations of production is also the foundation of the political and ideological superstructure, that is, the economic foundation. ② The national economy or a certain sector of the national economy: the economic situation. Industry ~ economy. (3) saving, cheap and low cost: ~ economic benefits. (4) revenue and expenditure: ~ the economy is abundant. ⑤ beneficial or harmful to people: ~ help insects (beneficial to silkworms and bees, harmful to locusts and aphids). Knowledge or skills gained from practice. 2 experience. Beijing 1. Before knitting, the yarn is stretched and combed on the loom to deform it. 2. Pass the "path". Diameter. 3. Pass the "path". Path. 4. Pass the "path". Straight man. Classic: General name, also short for Qi Jing. The Buddha is talking about the Sutra, which is called the Covenant Sutra. The truth proved by the Buddhas is the same as the opportunity that all beings have. Passers-by, Tao also, Tao also; The yogi, Jingwei, makes everything clear and orderly for various reasons; Classics, often, have never changed the truth; Classics, lines and all kinds of things are written; Learn from the scriptures, take photos, and take photos with various root machines to make all beings become Buddhists. There is a spring: infinite meaning, when you hold it in your heart, you can get infinite meaning; Health: those who can give birth to Miao Shan and often recite the scriptures can rely on their strength to turn rigidity into softness, turn fools into wisdom, destroy good life with sin and achieve good law; Rope ink: it can be a model for the world, like carpenter's rope ink, establishing rules and Fiona Fang, setting an example for good and evil; Display: It can show enthusiasm and inspire readers. -In the Han Dynasty, Yi, Shi, Shu, Li and Chunqiu were regarded as the "Five Classics", which were highly valued by the imperial court and stood at the top of the philosophers. There were "Nine Classics" in the Tang Dynasty, which were also designed for scholars and used to select scholars. The so-called "Nine Classics" includes three biographies: Yi, Shi, Shu, Yu, and Chun Qiu. As an adult, Tang Wenzong studied stone carving in Guo Zi, which benefited from The Analects of Confucius, Er Ya and Xiao Jing in addition to the Nine Classics. In the Five Dynasties, Meng Chang, the master of Shu, carved the Eleven Classics, and included Mencius in addition to the Classic of Filial Piety and Erya, making it into the list of classics for the first time. In the Book of Rites, Zhu, a scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, juxtaposed Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean with The Analects of Confucius and Mencius, forming four books that people are familiar with today, which were officially recognized, and Mencius officially became a classic. So far, thirteen Confucian documents have established their classic status. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the scriptures of the Thirteen Classics were carved on stones, and Ruan Yuan co-edited Notes on the Thirteen Classics. Since then, the name of Thirteen Classics and its revered position in Confucian classics have been more deeply rooted in people's hearts. Reading the Book of Changes is an ancient divination book, referred to as the Book of Changes, which is one of the important Confucian classics. The book is divided into two parts: classic and biography. "Jing" is covered by gossip, and sixty-four hexagrams are obtained. Each hexagram consists of four parts: hexagram painting, title, hexagram words and epigram words. Gua is relatively simple and is generally used to explain the meaning of the topic. Once is the main part of each hexagram. The Book of Changes is the earliest work to explain the Book of Changes. There are seven categories 10, namely Xun Shangxiapian, Xiang Shangxiapian, Jie Shangxiapian, Classical Chinese, Shuo Gua, Xu Gua and Za Gua, which are collectively called "Ten Guas". Biographies of great men in Xun and Xiang mainly promote Confucian political, ethical and self-cultivation views. Xiang Xiao Zhuan (the essay part) emphasizes the theory of position, which is written for the sake of respect. Cohesion and Classical Chinese are a collection of previous interpretations of classics. The first two parts of the cohesion are the General Theory of Zhouyi, which mainly discusses the significance and function of Zhouyi and is the main representative work of Yi Zhuan. It expounds the contradiction and development between things in the universe. Classical Chinese is specially used to explain the two hexagrams of Gan and Kun in Yi Zhuan. Shuo Gua contains the theory of "Gua Xiang" and "Gua De" in Confucian classics in the early Han Dynasty. Preface hexagrams and miscellaneous hexagrams are two schools of interpretation of hexagrams. -Shangshu means ancient history. Including Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, from Tang Yao at the end of primitive society to Qin Mugong in the Spring and Autumn Period. Most of them are the orders of the emperor, and a few are the words that the monarch and the minister tell each other. Generally speaking, it is called "Patent" in peacetime and "oath" in wartime. What the monarch tells his ministers is called "fate" and what the ministers tell their ministers is called "Hume". Shangshu, which is widely used today, is a combination of Shangshu and the ancient prose Shangshu proposed by Mei, with a total of 58 articles, 5 articles and 4 articles, 17 articles and 32 articles. Shangshu has left precious materials for us to study the slave social history in the late primitive society and the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. For example, Yao Dian recorded the story of Yao, Shun and Yu's abdication, which reflected the power inheritance under the original commune system. Gong Yu is the earliest historical and geographical document in China. Pan Geng describes the Shang Dynasty's move to the capital. -The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: Feng (160), Ya (105) and Fu (40). Are all named after music. "Wind" means tone. The ancients called Shaanxi Opera, Feng Wei and Zheng Opera, just like Shaanxi Opera, Shanxi Opera, Henan Opera and Elegant Opera. People in the Zhou Dynasty called Zheng Yayue, just as people in the Qing Dynasty called Kunqu Opera Ya Bu, with the meaning of honorific title. Xiaoya can be divided in chronological order. Ode is a musical song used for offering sacrifices to ancestral temples. -"Zhou Li" brings together the official system of the Zhou royal family and the systems of various countries in the Warring States period, which increases the political ideal of Confucianism and increases or decreases the parallelism. Zhou Li is the earliest and most complete official record in China and the most complete official record in the ancient world. There are six volumes in the book, which are Tianguan Zhong Zai, Di Guan Situ, Chun Guan Zongbo, Xia Guan Sima, Qiu Guan Sikou and Winter Lawsuit Empty. Each volume is divided into two volumes, *** 12. Among these six articles, Winter Litigation Empty was lost earlier, and it was supplemented by textual research of Gong Ji in Han Dynasty. -Housekeeping ceremony: when you reach the age of 20, you should be crowned and given all kinds of etiquette as a stupid ceremony for "scholars": that is, the etiquette of marriage and family; Meeting ceremony: the way to hand over, meet and treat others. Rural drinking ceremony: the banquet and gathering etiquette between rural "scholar-officials"; Rural shooting ceremony: in spring and autumn, people get together and shoot according to state orders; Yan Li: It is a etiquette regulation for the imperial court or princes to celebrate or commemorate, get together and have a banquet; Shooting: the ceremony held by the princes before the sacrifice; Bride gift: engagement is a diplomatic etiquette between North Korea or countries; Public food and medical ceremony: the etiquette of the monarch to entertain the doctors he hired; Worship: the etiquette of princes meeting the emperor; Mourning: the ritual system of death and mourning since the emperor, including mourning period and mourning period. Funeral of scholar: the ceremony of "scholar" losing his parents, from death to funeral; Evening ceremony: the second part of the funeral of scholars; Li Shiyu: the method of sacrifice and corpse wish after the death of parents; Special sacrificial ceremony: the rules and ceremonies of the princes' sacrifice to their ancestors; Feeding ceremony in juvenile prison: the etiquette of Dr. Qing to worship his ancestors in front of his temple; Yousi: The second part of the feeding ceremony for juvenile offenders is about some measures after the sacrifice. -the lesson is correct and vulgar, and the indecent assault is unprepared. Arguments and lawsuits, indecent assault. Your majesty, your superiors and subordinates, your father and son, and your brother are all indecent. An official scholar is indecent. When Ban Chao runs the army, officials act according to law. It is impossible to be disgraceful and dignified. Prayer and sacrifice, sacrifice to ghosts and gods, not obscene. "The Book of Rites consists of 20 volumes and 49 articles, and the book preserves a large number of social historical materials in the pre-Qin period. Among the 49 articles in this book, there are as many as 17 articles about weddings, funerals and sacrifices, which are of great historical value to the study of the wedding and funeral system, family system and social customs in the pre-Qin and Qin and Han dynasties. The family rules and the system of respecting the elderly recorded in Neizhi, the difference between respecting ancestors and worshipping small sects in Dazhuan, and the thoughts of sincerity, integrity, self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and calming the world in Daxue are of great reference value for studying the family structure, political structure and social structure in ancient China and exploring the reasons for the long-term continuation of feudal society in 2000. -The style of Zuo Zhuan is a chronicle, and its contents are mostly biographies of historical events, describing the process of important historical events in Spring and Autumn Annals. It started in the year of Lu Yin (722 BC) and ended in Lu Daogong for four years (464 BC), which is 17 years more than Chunqiu. Zuo Zhuan supplemented and enriched the content of Spring and Autumn Annals, which not only recorded the historical facts of Lu, but also recorded the history of other countries. Not only remember political events, but also widely involve "small things" in various fields of society; One is to change the running account method of Chunqiu and replace it with a systematic and organized method of compiling history books; Not only did I remember the historical facts of the Spring and Autumn Period, but I also introduced many ancient historical facts. This greatly improved the historical value of Zuo Zhuan. Therefore, Zuo Zhuan is a valuable reference book to study the history of the Spring and Autumn Period. -It started in Luyin and ended in Lu Aigong in the 14th year, which is the same as the beginning and ending time of Chunqiu. According to legend, its author was a disciple of Xia Zi. During the Warring States Period, Qi people were taller than rams. At first it was just word of mouth. When Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty was in power, it spread to the great-grandson's birthday. Together with Hu Musheng, Yang Gongshou wrote the bamboo slips "Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram". Biography of the Ram includes Biography of the Ram in the Spring and Autumn Period by He Xiu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Biography of the Ram by Yan Xu in the Tang Dynasty and Biography of the Ram by Chen Li in the Qing Dynasty. The main spirit of Biography of the Ram is to publicize the aspects of bringing order out of chaos, putting righteousness above family ties and ruthlessly suppressing traitors and thieves in Confucianism, so as to serve for strengthening centralization and "unification". The Biography of the Ram is an important classic of Confucian classics especially praised by the Confucian School, and it is often used as a tool to discuss politics by Confucian classics in past dynasties. It is also an important material for studying Confucianism in the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties. -It started in Luyin and ended in Lu Aigong 14. This type is similar to the biography of ram. According to legend, its author is a disciple, a native of Lu in the Warring States period, and Gu Liangchi (red or happy, kind and beautiful). It was also taught orally at first, and it was not written until the Western Han Dynasty. Fan Ning wrote Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Annals, Yang Shixun wrote Biography of the Spring and Autumn Annals in the Tang Dynasty, and Zhong Zhong wrote Supplementary Notes of Gu Liang in the Qing Dynasty, which are good annotations of scholars in the Qing Dynasty. Gu Liang Zhuan emphasized another aspect of Confucianism: attaching importance to propriety, righteousness, education and clan friendship, which was conducive to easing the internal contradictions of the ruling group and stabilizing the long-term interests of feudal rule, so it was also highly valued by the ruling class. It is an important material for us to study Confucianism in the Qin and Han Dynasties and the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. -The assembly work was completed by Confucius disciples and disciples. The origin of the name of The Analects of Confucius, Ban Gu's History of Literature and Art said: "As for The Analects of Confucius, when Confucius responded to his disciples, people talked to each other and heard Confucius' words. All the disciples at that time had their own notes. Because the master is a pawn, the disciples compiled it according to the way it was compiled, so it was called The Analects. "This statement is generally credible. The original records came from many people, and finally they were sorted out to the early Warring States period, mainly people who had participated in the war. There are currently 20 Analects of Confucius, the contents of which are mainly ethics and education. The Analects of Confucius was circulated in different books such as The Analects of Lu, The Analects of Qi and The Analects of Gu in the Han Dynasty, and was later unified in Zheng Xuan. The existing old annotations include Yan's Annotations to the Analects of Confucius, Annotations to the Analects of Confucius and Liu Baonan's Justice to the Analects of Confucius in Qing Dynasty, and today's annotation is Yang Bojun's Annotations to the Analects of Confucius. -"Historical Records Biography of Meng Xun": "Monk did not agree, so he retired Zhang Wan's disciple's preface poem book, stated Zhong Ni's meaning, and wrote seven pieces of Mencius. According to legend, the Seven Chapters of Mencius was written by Monk, and Zhao Qi's Inscription of Mencius said, "This book was also written by Mencius, so it is called Mencius." Then he said, "So I went back to collect, and it was difficult for me to answer the questions of my younger brothers, Gong Sunchou and Zhang Wan. I wrote my own testimony and seven books. "This is also written by Mencius. In the Qing Dynasty, Yan Ruoqu also wrote the article "Examination of the Year of Mencius' Birth and Death", saying: "The Analects of Confucius was written by a master, so it is very well known to remember the appearance of a saint. Seven articles have been written in my own hands, remembering the words or the source. " However, when we study Mencius, we can see that all the gentlemen we saw, such as Liang, Liang, Zou Mugong, Lu and so on, were all called posthumous title, and probably Mencius didn't do it himself. I still remember that Mencius' disciples Le Zhengzi, Gong Duzi and Wu Luzi were all called Zi. They were definitely not Mencius' works, and their compilers were probably Mencius' disciples. This book was written in the middle of the Warring States Period. Some people say that Confucius did it himself, but in the Southern Song Dynasty, some people suspected that it was because of the attachment of future generations. In the Qing Dynasty, Ji Yun pointed out in the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu that this book was the last words of Confucius and was written in Qin and Han Dynasties. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were hundreds of commentators. Now the popular version is Tang Xuanzong's annotation and Xing's annotation in Song Dynasty. The book is divided into 18 chapters. This book focuses on filial piety and focuses on Confucian ethics. Affirmed that "filial piety" is the norm set by heaven. "Filial piety is the essence of heaven, the meaning of the earth, and the trip of people." The book points out that filial piety is the foundation of all virtues. "A man's conduct is greater than filial piety." The monarch can govern the country with filial piety, and his subjects can manage their families and safeguard the nobility with filial piety. In China's ethical thoughts, the Book of Filial Piety linked filial piety with loyalty to the monarch for the first time, arguing that loyalty to the monarch is the development and expansion of filial piety, and its social function is absolutely mysterious, and filial piety can be "spread to the gods, spread all over the world, and pervasive". -erya means approaching and conforming to elegance, that is, explaining the elegance of ancient words and dialect words to make them close to norms. Erya contains more than 4,300 words, which are divided into 209 1 items. According to the category, these projects are divided into explanation, explanation, training explanation, explanation of family, explanation of palace, explanation of music, explanation of heaven, explanation of land, explanation of hills, explanation of water and explanation of heaven. The first three articles of this 19 are obviously different from the last 16, which can be divided into two categories. The first three articles, namely "interpretation", "interpretation" and "interpretation", are explanations of general words, similar to later Chinese dictionaries. The last 16 of Er Ya explains the names of various things according to their categories, which is similar to the encyclopedic noun dictionary of later generations. Among them, four articles, such as Release of Relatives, Release of Palace, Release of Apparatus and Release of Music, explain the appellation of relatives and the names of palace objects. -University, originally an article in the Book of Rites of Little Dressing, is an old saying. After being highly praised by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote "University Chapters and Sentences", which was finally called "Four Books" together with The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, "University" became the official textbook of the school and the required reading of the imperial examination, which had a great influence on ancient education. "University" put forward "three programs" and "eight items", emphasizing that self-cultivation is the premise of governing the country and the world, and the purpose of self-cultivation is to govern the country and the world, which shows the consistency between governing the country and the world and personal moral cultivation. The Doctrine of the Mean and the Doctrine of the Mean were originally an article in Xiao Dai's Book of Rites. The old saying The Doctrine of the Mean was written by Zisi. In fact, it is a Confucian work in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and it is also an important work of ancient Chinese educational theory. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi advocated the golden mean in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu wrote Notes on the Doctrine of the Mean, which is called "Four Books" together with Daxue, Analects of Confucius and Mencius. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, The Doctrine of the Mean became an official textbook and a must-read in the imperial examination, which had a great influence on ancient education. The Doctrine of the Mean is an educational theoretical work by Confucianism that expounds the "golden mean" and puts forward the cultivation of human nature. The doctrine of the mean emphasizes that people can't leave the doctrine of the mean for a moment, but we should practice the doctrine of the mean and respect the nature of talent. Through acquired learning, it is what the doctrine of the mean calls "the nature of destiny, the nature of frankness and the cultivation of religion".

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