On the eve of the "September 18th Incident", Zheng Zhenduo told Gu Jiegang, "There are rumors in Shanghai that there are three backstage bosses in Beiping education, one is Fu and the other is Gu Jiegang". The three bosses are all better than Ma Zhuang, each according to his own side, and they are very famous in the national academic circles. Hu is the dean of the College of Liberal Arts, the director of the Education and Culture Foundation, and studied under Geng Zhimei; Now there are such institutions, grasping Hu Shi's beautiful Geng body on one hand and Zhu Jiahua and Hangzhou's body on the other. Gu Jiegang is successful. He is good at running academic journals and can produce academic achievements.
The three bosses' styles of attracting "employees" also have their own merits. "Hu Shi takes people by name, Fu Sinian digs people by potential, and Gu Jiegang takes people by emotion". Boss Fu and Boss Gu are classmates of Peking University and leaders of the New Culture Movement. They fought side by side in Xinchao Society and jointly established the Institute of Language History of Sun Yat-sen University and the Institute of Historical Language of Academia Sinica. Regrettably, the contradiction between the two is irreconcilable and runs counter to each other. Fu Sinian was domineering and broke up with Lu Xun and Gu Jiegang successively.
Lu Xun left Sun Yat-sen University in anger.
Lu Xun's prejudice against Gu Jiegang is extremely deep. He has repeatedly ridiculed and attacked Gu: "The insidious nature of this generation will not change, and it will naturally crowd out and seek personal gain soon." Gu Jiegang has a red nose, commonly known as "rosacea". Lu Xun often used "red nose", "nose" and "red nose" to address Gu rudely in his private letters. He even called Gu's evil "syphilis", saying that "it is not as big as the nose, but as big as syphilis, which is really unlucky".
Lu Xun
192 1 At the end, Lu Xun implied that the name of "Ah Q" was "A Gui or A Gui?" "I only hope that Mr. Hu Shizhi's disciples who are addicted to history and textual research will be tested in the future. Gu Chao, Gu Jiegang's daughter, responded in the book My Father Gu Jiegang: My Father Gu Jiegang, "This is a mockery of Hu Shi's textual research of A Dream of Red Mansions that spring, and his father helped him collect Cao Xueqin's family history and other historical materials. "
In the novel Water Control, Lu Xun created a ridiculous "Mr. Bird Head". His nose is red, his nose is purple, and his helix and nose are red, implying sarcasm. The so-called "bird head" is split from the word "ancient". According to Shuo Wen Jie Zi, "Pin" is the name of a bird, and the original meaning of "Page" is head. Lu hated Gu's guts, and even repeatedly made personal attacks according to Gu's physiological characteristics. The main reason is a case involving the history of modern literature in China.
Lu Xun was extremely indignant and regarded it as a great shame, which has been hard to let go. Gu Jiegang analyzed in his diary that Lu Xun was jealous and rejected for four reasons. The first one was to expose the plagiarism of Yan Gu's A Brief History of Novels.
1 February, Lu Xun published "Not a Letter" and publicly responded, "Yan Gushi's book is indeed one of my reference books. The second of my 28 novels is based on it, and there are some opinions about A Dream of Red Mansions and A Picture of Jia Family. It is also based on it, but it is not careful, and the order and views are quite different.
1935,65438+February 3 1 New Year's Eve, Lu Xun mentioned this matter again: "It is a great shame in the world to steal men and women. I have been notorious for plagiarism for ten years. Now I can finally take off the banner of "lying a dog" and pay back the money to Professor Chen Yuan, who calls himself a gentleman. 44 days before his death, he said, "I have many enemies ... I won't forgive any of them." "
Three days before the May 4th Movement, Fu Sinian praised it in New Trends. "There is a Mr. Lu Xun and a Mr. Tang Yi in" New Youth ",who can write meaningful articles. ..... is really a healthy person in New Youth. " In fact, "Lu Xun" and "Tang Yi" are both pseudonyms of Zhou Shuren. Generally speaking, Zhou Shuren published a novel in "New Youth" and signed it "Lu Xun"; Published miscellaneous feelings and new poems, signed "Tang Yi".
19 19 April 16, Lu Xun wrote back to Fu Sinian, apologizing that "the diary of a madman is too naive and too pushy, so it should not be said artistically". At the same time, I put forward many opinions on the publication of trendy, such as: "not too many pure scientific articles"; It is best to "stab China for his old illness" and "insist on discussing science"; "The poems in New Tide are a bit monotonous, because there are more descriptions and less lyricism." As a valiant soldier and comrade-in-arms in the New Culture Movement, whether it is Lu Xun's Scream or Fu Sinian's New Tide, there is a tacit understanding: "I want to create some new creators to break the loneliness of China."
Fu Sinian is arrogant and has a strong desire for leadership. Before studying abroad, I was more restrained. I was respectful to Lu Xun and wrote back to Lu Xun with the signature "Respect him for one year." When he was studying abroad, he showed disrespect for Lu Xun, or Lu Xun's aura no longer existed for him. He wrote to Luo Jialun, saying, "The words of sword-covering are bitter, and Tongbai gets its sharpness (light and sharp), and Tuesday gets its acid carving. Their acid has nothing to say. " (Press: Tong Bo is, Zhou is, and Zhou Zuoren is Zhou Zuoren. ) After studying abroad, Fu Sinian returned to China as a senior liberal arts student at Sun Yat-sen University, and had a direct confrontation with Lu Xun, director of the Chinese Department and academic director. 1On June 27th, 927, Gu Jiegang commented in his letter that Fu was a "talented person who was able to win freely. With the help of Su Hai, although Lu Xun couldn't win, he became a school leader".
At Zhu Jiahua's insistence, he insisted that Gu Jiegang, a thorn in Lu Xun's side and a thorn in his flesh, be appointed as a professor, "to run the Institute of Oriental Language and Historical Science in China, and call Lu an obstacle to liberal arts there". 1927 At the beginning of April, Lu Xun heard that Gu might come, and threatened: "I'll go with my nose", "When Gu comes, I'll leave in the week" and "When he comes, I'll leave"; At the same time, he complained that "Fu is a handsome man, his nose is a strategist, and his appearance can be imagined". "I didn't expect (Fu) to be such a person before."
Gu Jiegang knew very well that he was able to resist Lu Xun's bullying and enter Sun Yat-sen University because of the kindness of Mr. Xiang Xian (according to Zhu Jiahua) and Meng Zhen. He reported to Mr. Hu Shi, "After Meng Zhenqiang came to Guangdong, he made me head of the history department"; I also laughed at myself for being "squeezed out everywhere in Xiamen University and CUHK" and "I really don't know what I did in my last life, but I have been teased by several Shaoxing villains in my life".
Not only the contradiction between Lu Xun and Gu Jiegang is difficult to reconcile, but also the political differences between Lu Xun and Zhu Jiahua, Fu Sinian and Sun Yat-sen University are widening. From 1927 to 1928, blood shed, the "party-cleaning" of the Kuomintang. "Different attitudes towards the Kuomintang (Fu Sinian was in favor and Lu Xun was against it) alienated them gradually." He Siyuan, then a professor at Sun Yat-sen University, recalled: "Fu cried and shouted once when he saw a quarrel with Lu Xun."
After Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12th" Party-cleaning movement in Shanghai, Li Hehe, who stayed in Guangzhou, launched the "April 15th" Party-cleaning movement. On April 15, hundreds of CUHK students were arrested. In the afternoon, Lu Xun held an emergency meeting to rescue the arrested students in the name of the academic director, saying, "We should be responsible for the students like their parents. I hope the school will protect them. "
Zhu Jiahua, sitting opposite Lu Xun, objected: "It is the government's business to arrest students. We should not oppose the government. " Lu Xun retorted: "During the May 4th Movement, students were taken away, and we rescued them, even at the expense of launching a nationwide strike. At that time, Zhu Jiahua, Fu Sinian and He Siyuan all attended. We are all from the May 4th Movement, and both belong to Peking University. Why don't we rescue hundreds of students now? " Zhu Jiahua continued to insist: "That is against the northern warlords. Now is our own world, and education must be led. "
The emergency meeting fell through. On April 18, Gu Jiegang arrived in CUHK, adding fuel to the fire and stimulating Lu Xun. On April 2 1 day, Lu Xun offered to resign. As Lu Xun opposed going to CUHK, the students complained that he excluded Lu Xun, and Fu Sinian resigned immediately. Lu and Fu each threatened to resign, and Zhu Jiahua, who presided over the school affairs, was a master of "muddling along": Lu Xun was allowed to drop out of school; Send Gu Jiegang to Shanghai and Beijing with money, and buy old books for the school to avoid the wind; Let the students vote to decide the future of Lu, Fu and Gu. All three are famous teachers. As a result of the meeting, CUHK students advocated that all three should stay. Lu Xun was not reinstated in anger.
1On May 30th, 927, in a letter to Zhang Tingqian, Lu Xun denied that his departure from Sun Yat-sen University was related to politics, accusing Gu Jiegang and Fu Sinian of "attacking me for the purpose, when there was propaganda about my departure from politics", and rumors such as "leaving because I was close to * * *" and "Fuck it".
However, according to the column "Overview of Sun Yat-sen University, CUHK History and Manager Zhu Jiahua" published by official website of Sun Yat-sen University, Lu Xun came to Sun Yat-sen University, which was closely related to politics. He was hired as a professor at CUHK University and was supported by Chen Yannian, son of Chen Duxiu and secretary of Guangdong District Party Committee. 1August, 926, it was decided that Yun and Deng Zhongxia, on behalf of Guangdong District Committee, invited Zhu Jiahua to send a telegram and invited Lu Xun to Sun Yat-sen University to "instruct everything". 1927 On September 27th, Lu Xun and Xu Guangping left Guangzhou and settled in Shanghai.
Fu Sinian and Gu Jiegang parted ways.
There is no room for two tigers in one mountain, especially since there is already a "overlord tiger". Fu Sinian's evaluation of "the central topic of historiography" is Gu Jiegang's Ancient History of China, which once praised Luo Jialun, Yao Congwu and other historians, saying that "Jiegang is the king of historiography". He also told the students of Sun Yat-sen University, "Gu is one of the most learned and accomplished graduates of Peking University in the past ten years. I dare not look forward to it myself. "
Gu Jiegang
As a trendy comrade-in-arms, Gu Jiegang once said to Fu Sinian, "Among my teachers and friends, you are the one I respect most. ..... I hope you will always listen to my advice and teach me the right path when you are free. " He also claimed to be a "loyal member" and wrote to Fu many times to discuss the style and content of the magazine. For example, and Fu * * *, "I always hope that our" Fashion "magazine has sincere and strong feelings to touch the society"; Frankly speaking, "I'm a little disappointed that your comrades want to go to literature on these issues (as Luo Jialun said)."
After excluding Lu Xun, Fu and Gu only worked for seven months and became friends because of personality conflicts and academic differences. From 65438 to 0928, Gu Jiegang repeatedly expressed his dissatisfaction with Fu Sinian in a letter to their teacher Hu Shi. "Meng is really a man who can read and do things, but he is too off track." "His versatility ruined him. We have ridiculed him many times, but he just won't listen. " Please Hu Shi "don't tell him what I have against him, because he has a bad temper".
On April 29, the contradiction between the two always broke out. Gu Jiegang wrote in his diary that day: "Those people with extremely contradictory temperament are extremely afraid of doing things, but they are extremely willing to do things. Meng Zhen didn't want me to do anything, and he didn't want me to manage too much, so he didn't agree and scolded me tonight. " 1July, 973, Gu Jiegang added the reason for their abusive language on April 29th 1928: "Meng Zhen bullied me in a paternalistic way, and I suspect that I wanted to train a group of young people to seize their strengths. The nature of giving is stubborn and cannot be subdued by it, so I broke with him and the friendship of fifteen years was shattered. "
On August 20th, Gu Jiegang wrote a 5000-word letter complaining to Hu Shi, but Fu Sinian opposed his going to yenching university, "calling me ungrateful" and even threatened that "if you leave CUHK, I will destroy you everywhere, leaving you nowhere to go". Gu is not a vegetarian, stubbornly indicating that "it is no longer possible to close the rift with me, and it almost looks like my traitor. I will never sell my body to anyone. I must not sacrifice my future for my party "; "I must live under his control. The result was not only invalid, but also aroused my dream when I was at Peking University, resenting that my freedom was imprisoned by fame and fortune! "
This letter is a reply to Hu Shi's letter received two days ago. Hu Shi's "suspicion that I made enemies because of pride" in his letter is more reasonable in Fu Sinian's view, which makes Gu Jiegang feel wronged and blocked. He recorded in the diary that day: "Write a letter to Mr. Shi, about 5,000 words, suffering for two years"; "If you worry about this, you will be forced to do things and lose yourself if you can't get the solution from your teachers and friends every time. What can you do! "
1February, 929, Gu Jiegang quietly left Guangzhou and came to Beiping. In September of the same year, he was hired as a professor in the history department of yenching university, and later wrote to Dai and Zhu Jiahua respectively, resigning as a professor at Sun Yat-sen University. Fu Sinian was fascinated by this talented and disobedient classmate and always wanted to hook him up again.
Gu Jiegang is unwavering, and the good horse is determined not to eat "returning grass." On March 25, he asked Hu Shi to "persuade me not to pull me, but I have a contradiction with him, and the beggar gang is eager to pull out this body in all kinds of bondage." Hu Shi can't be fooled by his insincere words. What are the views of these two students? The irreconcilable contradiction has gone up in smoke.
Fu Sinian never gave up. June 10 When Chen Jia and Gu Jiegang went to see Luanzhou Shadow Play, they advised Gu to return to the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica as a full-time researcher with a monthly salary of 400 yuan. Gu still refused, revealing his true thoughts in the diary of the day: "Since paying is out of the circle of right and wrong, why invest!"
193 1 year, wondering to hire Gu Jiegang as a professor at Peking University, but Gu refused and wrote to Hu Shi for three reasons: First, I heard that I was interested in hiring Qian Mu as a professor at Peking University, and I wanted money, and the money was willing; Second, I have taught all the classes I can, and my knowledge of money is more solid than mine; 3. If Peking University wants money, it is better to ask me, because I am abusive and he is not.
Fu Sinian and Gu Jiegang, two "wonderful flowers", are intertwined with love and hate, and both have strong and stubborn personalities, with deeper contradictions. Knowing the root of the matter, knowing the other person's personality defects like the back of his hand, and being extremely emotional, is a typical "needle to needle". Sometimes, just like children playing house, they dig holes for daily chores and deliberately "dig holes" for each other.
Fu Sinian
Gu Jiegang is determined not to have anything to do with the study of historical language in Guangzhou, to get rid of Fu's shackles and administrative affairs, and only to be a special researcher at the Institute of Historical Language of Academia Sinica, and to stay in Yanjing Christian University hosted by Americans to do academic research and write monographs. It is common sense that teaching and studying in a missionary university does not mean becoming a conquered person, let alone betraying the country. Fu Sinian was furious, wrote to Gu, and deliberately found fault: "What can Yanjing love? Should it prepare for national subjugation first?" Gu retorted in June's diary 193 1 12: "The merits and demerits have entered Yanjing, and there is no need to distinguish them after a hundred years"; "Schools in China employ many foreign teachers. Are these foreign teachers also preparing for national subjugation? "
Six days later, Gu Jiegang didn't hold his breath, but he still had to tell. When he was invigilating for Yanjing students at the end of the term, he drafted a reply to Fu. At the beginning, he complained that "those who know us are like brothers, but those who don't know us are like brothers". He also counted the old and new accounts together and vented his dissatisfaction: "My brother has never been so angry in his life, and his eyes are black. Since my brother is so kind to me, he just wants to break up with me. " "My brother may forget this, but he will remember it deeply." "My brother will never be a slave of a foreign country unless he is a slave."
The "old account" dug up in Gu Xin was so angry that it was "black at the moment" and "theoretically broke up", all of which were trivial things to pick up the station. In the eyes of others, this is not serious. When he went to Beiping from Shanghai, Gu felt that he had seen him off on the long beach a few months ago. "It's outrageous to leave without coming." He went to the railway station to meet him himself.
I didn't expect Fu Sinian to treat his kindness as the liver and lungs of a donkey. In front of him and Zhao Yuanren, he offered to go to the station the next day to see Yang Zhensheng, the dean of Tsinghua University, in order to get a position in Tsinghua University. In fact, it is indirect to satirize Gu for a job. He came to pick up the station for another purpose, hoping to get a teaching position in Tsinghua. Because Fu himself is the director of the Institute of Historical Languages, he will not find Tsinghua as a part-time job; Zhao Yuanren is a professor in Tsinghua, so there is no need to apply for a job in Tsinghua. Gu certainly recognized the implication of Fu. The scene was forbearing, but he kept it in his heart until June 18, and finally he couldn't hold it, and the accumulated grievances broke out together.
On June 18, this long letter written during invigilation was not sent, which was equivalent to writing a diary. It turned out to be Gu Jiegang's original sound Yin Lu 'an "advised not to send it, don't say anything, (give it) to listen". Fu Sinian never stopped. On June 24th, he explained to Gu that he wrote a letter on June 12 to provoke Gu to reply. Unexpectedly, I didn't receive a reply. To my surprise, I don't like Gu's consistent fighter posture. Gu admitted in his diary that he "knew me honestly, as expected, not because of security resistance".
194 1, Fu Sinian was hospitalized in Chongqing Central Hospital for severe hypertension. Neither he nor his friends are optimistic about his illness, let alone angry. Gu Jiegang came to visit the sick and offer condolences. These two extremely conceited, stubborn and impatient "bosses" quarreled in the ward because of competing for scholars and talents, and their relationship became even more rigid.
Gu said angrily that "Peking University must be destroyed". Fu is also angry. Since your purpose is to destroy Peking University, "you will break up with it in the future". On June 18, Fu Sinian also sent a letter to Zhu Jiahua, accusing Gu Jiegang of "not being worthy of the name in recent years, leaving more hands for others, and the editor is also a substitute for him", and "anyone who follows Jie Gang * * * is always burned in the end".
Nomination of the First Academician of Academia Sinica
On August 22nd, 1943, Zhao Zhenxin, Gu Jiegang's most trusted student and teaching assistant, wrote a letter to the teacher, referring to the comments made by his colleagues in Sun Yat-sen University on Gu Jiegang and said, "In terms of faithfulness, my teacher is not as good as Mr. Fu, who has a clear reward and punishment."
In Zhao's personal view, the problem with Chen Yuan is "how many people are small, private and professional"; Gu Jiegang's problems are: "Emotion is very impulsive, which makes what he does inappropriate", "You can neither read people nor read their words", "You can use too few materials, but you can use them strangely", "Apart from modesty, you are stubborn, headstrong and headstrong in China, making enemies in many ways, and approaching disintegration", "When you love, you must let go.
A week later, Zhao Zhenxin wrote to Gu again, feeling that the teacher was "too bookish, and he would offend more people on impulse". The word "machine power" is far less than that of Mr. Feng Zhisheng (written by Feng Youlan) and Mr. Fu. On September 7th 1943, Gu Jiegang wrote "If you are a good friend, you should be seated accordingly".
1946 12 16 In order to celebrate the next day's celebration of Peking University and Hu Shi's birthday, many educators in Nanjing 100 had a dinner to tell stories. Fu Sinian attended and delivered a speech. When shaking hands with Gu Jiegang, he "twisted his neck" intentionally or unintentionally. Sensitive and self-respecting gu can't let go. That night 10, at the end of his home letter to Zhang Jingqiu, he called Fu Sinian by his first name and denounced him: "It's really nothing." "This arrogant man will fail sooner or later, and then he will come to curry favor with me."
1947 in may, academia sinica began to select the first academician, and Hu Shi and Fu Sinian respectively had a list of candidates for the humanities group. Hu Shi, who is gentle and has a good relationship with people, does not nominate himself, while Fu Sinian, who is treating diseases in the United States, is not melodramatic at all. He wrote to Hu Shi, listing 2 1 candidate academicians in the humanities group, including 6 in the history group. After the famous "Second History" (Chen Yinque and Chen Yuan), the third person is "Fu". This shows the differences in temperament, behavior and manipulation.
Fu Sinian does bully people, but this does not hide its shortcomings. In many cases, "bullies" are based on justice, public interest and business. Although the relationship between Fu and Gu has deteriorated for a long time, they have neglected communication. However, in Fu Sinian's recommendation list, he still nominated Gu Jiegang, regardless of the past, ranking fourth in history, second only to himself. On the contrary, Hu Shi's recommendation list did not nominate Gu Jiegang. There is no suspense in the result. "Big Three" Hu, Fu and Gu were all elected as academicians of the first Academia Sinica.
Objectively speaking, Hu Shi and Fu Sinian formed factions and circles centered on them in the education and academic circles. Scholars who do not "enter the circle" are easily marginalized, and the space for academic resources and academic progress is much smaller. Fortunately, their character and vision are excellent, and they value talents, know talents and cultivate talents. Taking the nomination of the first academician of Academia Sinica as an example, Hu Shi nominated 17 academicians and 14 were elected; Fu Sinian nominated 2 academicians1person and was elected 19.
(The original note is omitted)
Proofreading: Zhang Yan