Hua Luogeng

"Mathematics, like music, is famous for its prodigies. These people are brilliant even without formal education. Although Hua Luogeng modestly avoided using the word wizard, it properly described this outstanding China mathematician. " -g.b. kolata

Hua Luogeng is a legendary figure and a self-taught mathematician.

He was born in an urban poor family in Jintan County, Jiangsu Province on November 12th, 191. On June 12th, 1985, Hua Luogeng, a superstar of China Mathematics, died of myocardial infarction while giving lectures in Japan.

Hua Luogeng is a famous mathematician at home and abroad. He is the founder and pioneer of China's research on analytic number theory, canonical groups, matrix geometry, automorphism and multiple complex functions. His famous academic paper, Theory of Functions of Multiple Complex Variables in Typical Fields, won the first prize of China's science in 1957 because of its pioneering work in the field of mathematics by applying methods that have never been used before. The results of his research were named "Fahrenheit Theorem" and "Brouwer-Gadang-Hua Theorem" by the international mathematical community. Hua Luogeng worked tirelessly all his life, struggled endlessly, wrote many books and studied a wide range of fields. He has published about 2 academic papers, and his monographs include Heap Prime Theory, Introduction to Advanced Mathematics, Estimation of Exponential Sum and Its Application in Number Theory, Typical Groups, Analysis of Typical Fields in Function Theory of Multiple Complex Variables, Introduction to Number Theory, Numerical Integral and Its Application, Talking from the Unit Circle and Optimization Method.

Wu Wenjun

mathematician. Born in Shanghai on May 12th, 1919. Graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University in 194. He went to France to study in 1947. He studied mathematics at the French National Center for Scientific Research in Paris, and received the French National Doctor of Science degree in 1949. Returned to China in 1951. In 1957, he was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences. Professor of Mathematics Department of Peking University, researcher and deputy director of Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, researcher and deputy director of Institute of System Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences, honorary director, director of Research Center of Mathematical Mechanization. He used to be the chairman and honorary chairman of chinese mathematical society, and the deputy director and director of the Department of Mathematical Physics of China Academy of Sciences. Wu Wenjun is mainly engaged in the research of topology and machine proof, and has made many outstanding achievements. He is the founder of the research of mathematical mechanization in China and has made important contributions to the development of mathematical research and science in China. In 1952, the doctoral thesis "Spherical Fiber Indicative Class" was published, which was an important contribution to the basic problems of spherical fiber theory. Since the 194s, a series of outstanding achievements have been made in the research of indicative classes and embedded classes, which have many important applications. They have been called "Wu Wenjun Formula" and "Wu Wenjun Indicative Class" by the international mathematics community and have been compiled into many masterpieces. This achievement won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award (Natural Science Award of China Academy of Sciences) in 1956. In 196s, we continued to study the embedding class, and creatively discovered new topological invariants, among which the achievements on embedding and immersion of polyhedron still occupy the leading position in the world. The achievement of Pontryagin's characteristic class is a basic theoretical study of topology fiber bundle theory and differential manifold geometry, which has profound theoretical significance. In recent years, Wu Wenjun's principle of theorem machine proof (internationally known as "Wu's method") has been established, and it has achieved the machine proof of elementary geometry and differential geometry theorems, occupying a leading position in the world. This important innovation has changed the face of automatic reasoning research, had a great influence in the field of theorem machine proof, and has important application value, which will lead to the change of mathematical research methods. The research achievements in this field won the major achievement award of the National Mathematics Congress in 1978 and the first prize of the Science and Technology Progress Award of China Academy of Sciences in 198. He also made important contributions to the research of machine discovery and creation theorem, algebraic geometry, the history of Chinese mathematics, game theory, etc.

Yang Le

mathematician. Born in Nantong, Jiangsu Province on November 1th, 1939. In 1956, he was admitted to the Department of Mathematics in Peking University, and graduated in 1962. In the same year, he was admitted to the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, where he stayed after graduation in 1966. He used to be director of the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, secretary-general and chairman of chinese mathematical society. Currently, he is a researcher and director of academic committee of Institute of Mathematics, China Academy of Sciences. In 198, he was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences. Yang Le has been at the forefront of the world for 2 years and is one of the leading mathematicians in the world with his many creative and important contributions in the fields of function module distribution theory, radiation angle distribution theory, normal family and so on. 1. The deficient values and deficient functions of whole functions and meromorphic functions are deeply studied. In cooperation with Zhang Guanghou, the close relationship between the number of deficient values of meromorphic functions and the number of Borel directions is established for the first time. After introducing defect function, the estimation of total defect of meromorphic function with finite lower level is given, thus proving that its defect function is countable; The estimation of the total deficiency of meromorphic functions combined with derivatives is given, which completely solves three problems put forward by the famous scholar D.Drasin7 in the 197 s. Second, the normal family is studied systematically, and some new important normal rules are obtained. Yang Le established the connection between normal family and fixed point, and the connection between normal family and differential polynomial, and solved a problem of normal family put forward by the famous scholar W.K.Hayman. Thirdly, the angular distribution of whole functions and meromorphic functions is studied systematically and deeply. When Yang Le studied the angular distribution of derivatives involved in meromorphic functions, he obtained a new kind of singular direction. The relationship between radial angle distribution and multiple values is obtained. The distribution law of Borel direction of meromorphic functions is completely characterized. Worked with Hayman to solve a conjecture of Littlewood. Yang Le's above-mentioned important research achievements have been highly praised and cited by colleagues at home and abroad, and his deficit-deficit relationship has been called "Yang Le deficit-deficit relationship" by foreign scholars.

foreign mathematicians I want to introduce Euler and Gauss

1 Euler

Euler's profound knowledge, endless creative energy and unprecedented rich works are amazing! He began to publish papers at the age of 19 until he was 76, and wrote a sea of books and papers for more than half a century. Up to now, Euler's name can be seen in almost every field of mathematics, from Euler line of elementary geometry, euler theorem of polyhedron, Euler transformation formula of solid analytic geometry, Euler solution of quartic equation to Euler function in number theory, Euler equation of differential equation, Euler constant of series theory, Euler equation of variational calculus, Euler formula of complex variable function, and so on. His contribution to mathematical analysis is even more original. The book Introduction to Infinitesimal Analysis is his epoch-making masterpiece. At that time, mathematicians called him "the incarnation of analysis".

Euler is the most prolific outstanding mathematician in the history of science. According to statistics, during his tireless life, * * * wrote 886 books and papers, of which 4% were analysis, algebra and number theory, 18% were geometry, 28% were physics and mechanics, 11% were astronomy, and 3% were ballistics, navigation and architecture. In order to sort him out, the Academy of Sciences in Petersburg.

It's no accident that Euler's works are amazingly prolific. He can work in any bad environment. He often finishes his papers with his children in his lap, regardless of the children's noise. His indomitable perseverance and tireless spirit of scholarship made him never stop studying mathematics after his blindness. During the 17 years after his blindness, he also dictated several books and about 4 papers. Gauss (1777-1855), a great mathematician in the 19th century, once said: "Studying Euler's works is always the best way to understand mathematics."

Euler's father, Paul Euler, is also a mathematician. He had hoped that little Euler would study theology and teach him a little. Because of little Euler's talent and unusual diligence, and johann bernoulli's appreciation and special guidance, when he was 19 years old, he wrote a paper about the mast and won the prize of the Paris Academy of Sciences, his father no longer opposed him to study mathematics.

daniel bernoulli, the son of johann bernoulli, went to Russia in p>1725 and recommended Euler to Czar Kadrin I, so that Euler came to Petersburg on May 17th, 1727. In 1733, at the age of 26, Euler became a professor of mathematics at the Academy of Sciences in Petersburg. In 1735, Euler solved an astronomical problem (calculating the orbit of comets), which took several famous mathematicians several months to solve, but Euler used his own invented method and completed it in three days. However, overwork made him suffer from eye disease and unfortunately he lost his right eye. At this time, he was only 28 years old. In 1741, Euler went to Berlin as the director of the Institute of Physics and Mathematics of the Academy of Sciences at the invitation of Frederick the Great of Prussia. Until 1766, he returned to Petersburg under the sincere invitation of Czar Kadrin II. Unexpectedly, not long after, his left eye vision declined and he was completely blind. Unfortunate things followed. In 1771, the fire in Petersburg damaged Euler's house. Euler, 64, who was blind due to illness, was trapped in the fire. Although he was rescued from the fire by others, his study and a lot of research results were all reduced to ashes.

The heavy blow still didn't bring Euler down, and he vowed to take back the loss. Before he was completely blind, he could still see things dimly. He seized the last moment, scribbled the formula he found on a big blackboard, and then dictated its contents, which were recorded by his students, especially his eldest son A Euler (mathematician and physicist). After Euler was completely blind, he still struggled with the darkness with amazing perseverance, and studied with memory and mental arithmetic until his death, which lasted for 17 years.

Euler's memory and mental arithmetic ability are rare. He can retell the notes of his youth. Mental arithmetic is not limited to simple operations, and advanced mathematics can be completed by heart. An example is enough to illustrate his skill. Two students of Euler added up the 17 terms of a complex convergence series to the 5th digit, and the difference between them was one unit. In order to determine who was right, Euler calculated all the operations with his heart, and finally found out the mistakes. Euler was blind for 17 years; It also solved Newton's headache about the lunar departure and many complicated analysis problems.

Euler's style is very high. Lagrange is a great mathematician after Euler. Since he was 19 years old, he has communicated with Euler to discuss the general solution of isoperimetric problems, which led to the birth of variational method. The isoperimetric problem has been painstakingly considered by Euler for many years. Lagrange's solution won Euler's warm praise. On October 2, 1759, Euler praised Lagrange's achievements in his reply, and modestly suppressed his immature works in this field for the time being, so that the young Lagrange's work could be published and circulated, and won a great reputation. In his later years, all mathematicians in Europe regarded him as a teacher. The famous mathematician Laplace once said, "Euler is our mentor." Euler was full of energy until the last moment. On the afternoon of September 18th, 1783, Euler invited his friends to dinner to celebrate his success in calculating the law of balloon ascent. At that time, Uranus had just discovered it, and Euler wrote the essentials for calculating Uranus' orbit. He also laughed with his grandson. After drinking tea, he suddenly had an illness, and his pipe fell from his hand, muttering, "I'm dead", and Euler finally "stopped living and calculating".

Euler's life is a life of struggling for the development of mathematics. His outstanding wisdom, tenacious perseverance, tireless struggle spirit and noble scientific ethics are always worth learning. Euler also created many mathematical symbols, such as π(1736), i(1777), e(1748), sin and cos(1748), tg(1753), △x(1755), ∑(1755), and F (X) (1748). His father, Gerhard Di Derrych, worked as a berm, a mason and a gardener. His first wife died of illness after living with him for more than 1 years, leaving no children for him. Di Derrych later married Luo Jieya, and the next year their child Gauss was born, which was their only child. My father is extremely strict with Gauss, even a little excessive, and often likes to plan his life for the young Gauss based on his own experience. Gauss respected his father and inherited his father's honest and cautious character. By the time De Derrych died in 186, Gauss had made many epoch-making achievements.

In the process of growing up, the young Gauss mainly focused on his mother and uncle. Gauss's grandfather, a stonemason, died of tuberculosis at the age of 3, leaving two children: Gauss's mother Luo Jieya and his uncle Flieder. Flieder Rich is intelligent, enthusiastic, intelligent and capable, and has made great achievements in textile trade. He found his sister's son clever and clever, so he spent part of his energy on this little genius and developed Gauss's intelligence in a lively way. A few years later, Gauss, who was an adult and achieved great success, recalled what his uncle had done for him and felt deeply important for his success. He thought of his prolific thought and said sadly that "we lost a genius" because of his uncle's death. It is precisely because Flieder Rich has an eye for talents and often persuades his brother-in-law to let his children develop into scholars that Gauss did not become a gardener or a mason.

In the history of mathematics, few people are as lucky as Gauss to have a mother who strongly supports him to become a talent. Luo Jieya didn't get married until she was 34, and she was 35 when she gave birth to Gauss. He has a strong personality, intelligence and a sense of humor. Since his birth, Gauss has been very curious about all phenomena and things, and he is determined to get to the bottom of it, which is beyond the scope of a child's permission. When the husband reprimands the child for this, he always supports Gauss and resolutely opposes the stubborn husband who wants to make his son as ignorant as he is.

Luo Jieya sincerely hopes that his son can do something great, and cherishes Gauss's talent. However, he didn't dare to put his son into mathematics research that couldn't support his family at that time. At the age of 19, although Gauss had made many great achievements in mathematics, she still asked her friend W.Bolyai (the father of J. Bolyai, one of the founders of non-European geometry): Will Gauss have any future? W Bolyai said that her son would be "the greatest mathematician in Europe", and she was so excited that tears came to her eyes.

at the age of seven, gauss went to school for the first time. Nothing special happened in the first two years. In 1787, when Gauss was 1 years old, he entered the class of learning mathematics, which was the first class established. Children had never heard of such a course as arithmetic before. The math teacher is Buttner, who also played a certain role in the growth of Gauss.