Let’s take a look at the changes in the world in the past 30 years by comparing world atlases published in 1992, 2001, 2010, and 2019.
We compare countries and regions one by one in Asia, Europe, Africa, Oceania, North America, South America, the Arctic Ocean, and Antarctica.
Chapter 1: Asia - Indonesia Indonesia is the abbreviation of the Republic of Indonesia, which is connected with countries such as Papua New Guinea, East Timor and Malaysia.
Indonesia covers an area of ??1913,578.68 square kilometers and is composed of approximately 17,508 islands. It is the largest archipelago country in the world, spanning Asia and Oceania. It is also a country with many volcanoes and earthquakes.
The larger islands include Kalimantan, Sumatra, Irian, Sulawesi and Java.
With a population of 273 million (December 2020), it is the fourth most populous country in the world.
There are hundreds of ethnic groups, including Javanese population accounting for 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, Malay 7.5%, and other 26%.
There are more than 200 national languages***, and the official language is Indonesian.
About 87% of the population believes in Islam, making it the country with the largest Muslim population in the world.
6.1% of the population believes in Christianity, 3.6% believes in Catholicism, and the rest believes in Hinduism, Buddhism, and primitive fetishism.
The capital, Jakarta, has a permanent population of 10.56 million.
The largest city in Indonesia, Jakarta is also the largest city in Southeast Asia. It is located on the northwest coast of Java Island. The city covers an area of ??about 740 square kilometers. The Greater Jakarta area surrounding surrounding towns has more than 30 million people living in it. It is the second largest metropolitan area in the world. Jakarta
It is the economic center of Indonesia and gathers most of the country's wealth and elites. Jakarta enjoys provincial status. Its residents are mainly Javanese, Batavia and Sundanese, with a few Chinese.
Important festivals include the Islamic Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha; National Awakening Day (commemorating the establishment of the Indonesian national movement organization "Zhishanshe" in 1908) on May 20; Independence Day: August 17.
In terms of administrative divisions, there are 34 first-level administrative divisions (provincial level), including the capital of Jakarta, 3 local special zones of Yogyakarta, and Aceh, and 31 provinces (North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, Pengkuru,
South Sumatra, Lampung, Bangka-Belitung, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Banten, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, North Maluku, South Maluku
, Papua, North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Gorontalo, East Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, West Kaliman
Dan and other provinces).
There are 514 secondary administrative districts (county/city level).
In 1990, Indonesia had a population of 181.41 million and a per capita GDP of US$585.
Administrative division adjustment: On August 30, 1999, East Timor rejected autonomy in a referendum and chose to secede from Indonesia.
On October 4, 1999, North Maluku Province was established, which was separated from Halmahera and other islands in the northern part of Maluku Province. Its capital is Sophie, but the provincial government is temporarily located in Dernate City.
In November 1999, Ujung Pandang, the capital of South Sulawesi Province, returned to its pre-1971 name of Makassar.
In 2000, Indonesia had a population of 211.51 million and a per capita GDP of US$780.
Administrative division adjustment: On October 17, 2000, Banten Province was established as a branch of West Java Province, with Pelabuhan Merak as its capital and temporary residence in Serang.
On December 4, 2000, Bangka-Belitung Province was established, with Bangka Island and Belitung Island originally belonging to South Sumatra Province as its scope, and its capital is Bangka Penang Port.
On December 22, 2000, the establishment of Gorontalo Province was approved. It was formerly part of North Sulawesi Province and its capital is Gorontalo.
It was officially established on February 16, 2001.
2001.12: Irian Jaya Province was renamed Papua Province.
2002.1: The Aceh and Papua Special Autonomy Law was passed, and the official name of the Aceh Special Region was changed to Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. It was still called Aceh after 2009.
On May 20, 2002, East Timor Province gained complete independence (on August 30, 1999, East Timor rejected autonomy in a referendum and chose to secede from Indonesia).
On October 25, 2002, Riau Islands Province was established (approved by Congress on September 24). It was formerly part of Riau Province and its capital was Tanjung Pinang.
The province is adjacent to Singapore.
On November 14, 2003, West Irian Jaya Province was officially established (approved on October 4, 1999).
However, due to violent protests, the province of Central Irian Jaya (approved on November 11, 2001) has not yet been formally established.
It was changed to West Papua Province on February 7, 2007.
In 2003, all eight administrative cities established in Indonesia between 1975 and 1999, which had not yet officially become local autonomous cities at that time, were merged into the counties where they were located.
The decree establishing the administrative city was promulgated in 1974.