1.The global financial crisis in 1930s
From 1922 to 1929, the American economy flourished for seven years. Unprecedented prosperity and huge returns have greatly stimulated the ambitions of wall street speculators, and many Americans have been involved in the fanatical speculation on wall street. From 1920 to 1929, the average share price of American stock market rose five times, the share price rose in a parabolic way, and the stock market heated up sharply.
On Thursday, 1929, 10, after the opening bell of new york stock market rang, something unbelievable happened to most investors: almost all the stocks displayed in the trading hall were selling. In an instant, the stock showed a deviation trend of increasing bid volume, and all technical support points could not resist being penetrated one by one. As of the close of the day, the trading volume of new york Stock Exchange was close to 6,543,800+300,000 shares, which was 4 to 5 times of the usual trading volume. In the second trading week, the stock price still didn't mean to rebound, and even hit a new low. By 1930, the prices of 25 representative industrial stocks had dropped from the average final transaction price of $366. 1929 29 yuan to 96 yuan per share. The stock market crash triggered an unprecedented financial and economic crisis in the United States.
American Financial and Credit Crisis in 1980s
The banking crisis in 1980s was an important event in the history of American banking development, which caused the American legislative authorities to deeply reflect on some financial supervision issues, and accelerated the introduction of relevant financial reform bills and the reform and adjustment of financial supervision policies in the United States.
From 1980 to 1994, a serious banking crisis occurred in the United States, and the number of bankruptcies and bankruptcies of banks and savings and loan institutions rose sharply. * * 2,965,438+02 banks and savings and loan institutions were forced to close down or accept assistance from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, including 1 17 banks and 17 savings and loan institutions. The total assets of closed institutions are $923.6 billion, accounting for 20.5% of the assets of banks and savings and loan institutions, and banks have to dispose of assets of $654.38+68 billion on average every day.
3. 1997 Asian financial crisis
1In June 1997, a financial crisis broke out in Asia, and the development process of this crisis was very complicated. By the end of 1998, the crisis was coming to an end, which can be roughly divided into three stages: from June of 1997 to February of 18; 1998 1 month to1998 July; 1998 July to the end of the year.
1On July 2, 1997, Thailand announced that it would abandon the fixed exchange rate system and implement a floating exchange rate system, which triggered a financial storm sweeping Southeast Asia. On the same day, the exchange rate of Thai baht against the US dollar fell by 17%, and financial markets such as foreign exchange were in chaos. Under the influence of the fluctuation of Thai baht, Philippine peso, Indonesian rupiah and Malaysian ringgit have become the targets of international speculators. In August, Malaysia gave up its efforts to defend Ringgit. The Singapore dollar, which has been strong, has also been hit. Although Indonesia is the latest country to be "infected", it is the most seriously affected.
10 year 10 in late October, international speculators moved to Hong Kong, an international financial center, aiming at Hong Kong's linked exchange rate system. Taiwan Province authorities suddenly abandoned the exchange rate of the new Taiwan dollar, and the new Taiwan dollar depreciated by 3.46% a day, which increased the pressure on the Hong Kong dollar and the Hong Kong stock market. Since then, Hong Kong's Hang Seng Index has plummeted and fell below the 9000 mark on the 28th. Faced with fierce attacks from international financial speculators, the Hong Kong SAR Government reiterated that it would not change the current exchange rate system, and the Hang Seng Index rose to 10000. 165438+ In mid-October, a financial storm broke out in South Korea. 17, the exchange rate of Korean won against the US dollar fell to a record 1008: 1. 2 1, the South Korean government had to seek help from the International Monetary Fund, which temporarily controlled the crisis. However, on 65438+February 13, the exchange rate of Korean won against the US dollar fell to 1737.60: 1. The Korean won crisis hit Japan's financial industry, which invested heavily in South Korea. 1997 a series of Japanese banks and securities companies went bankrupt in the second half of the year. As a result, the Southeast Asian financial crisis evolved into the Asian financial crisis. The above-mentioned financial crisis has brought us enlightenment.