At present, low-carbon economy is becoming the growth point of the new round of world economy and the focus of competition among countries. No matter what difficulties and risks will be faced, it is an indisputable fact that the global low-carbon era has begun. China must actively study countermeasures and strive to seize the opportunities and commanding heights of low-carbon development. At present, it has become an unshakable international trend to optimize the structure of resources and energy, advocate low-carbon consumption, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote the development of low-carbon economy. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period happens to be a crucial period for China to implement Scientific Outlook on Development and build a well-off society in an all-round way. Therefore, China should conscientiously do a good job in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" environmental protection, highlight the important role of developing a low-carbon economy, formulate a special plan for developing a low-carbon economy, and link it with economic and social development planning, energy planning, circular economy planning, energy conservation and emission reduction planning, science and technology planning and environmental protection planning to form a blueprint for developing a low-carbon economy.
the growth of CO2 emission in a country or region mainly depends on four factors: population, per capita GDP, energy consumption per unit GDP and energy structure. China has a large population base, and the pressure of medium-term development demand is inevitable; China's GDP per capita is far below the world average. Therefore, China's CO2 emission reduction will mainly start from two aspects: energy consumption per unit GDP and energy structure.
1. Continue to increase energy conservation and emission reduction
During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China actively promoted project emission reduction, structural emission reduction and management emission reduction, and earnestly implemented the responsibility system for emission reduction targets. According to preliminary calculations, the national COD and SO2 emissions continued to decline in 29, and the SO2 emission reduction targets in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period were completed one year ahead of schedule. There is great synergy between energy saving and emission reduction and controlling greenhouse gas emissions. It is estimated that 38 tons of carbon dioxide can be reduced while 1 ton of sulfur dioxide is reduced. Therefore, energy saving and emission reduction is the most important means to develop a low-carbon economy in China. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China should expand the front of industrial energy conservation and emission reduction from desulfurization and denitrification to carbon reduction, and strengthen the responsibility of six high-energy-consuming industries and key enterprises in developing low-carbon economy.
2. Improve the domestic carbon emission trading market
Establishing a carbon emission trading market can provide market participants with a platform for market service information and trading, adjust the unreasonable price trading system, maintain market order, and play an active role in creating market trading mechanisms and making up for market failures. Since 28, Beijing Environment Exchange, Shanghai Energy Environment Exchange and Tianjin Emissions Exchange have been established one after another, indicating that China has made great progress in establishing the carbon trading market. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, we should explore the mechanism of compensation from the eastern region to the central and western regions. Under the premise that the total amount of carbon emissions is fixed, low-emission enterprises in the central and western regions can sell their emission rights to high-emission enterprises in the eastern region through the market mechanism, and conduct carbon emission rights market transactions in a timely manner after scientifically evaluating the trading performance.
3. Strengthen scientific research on carbon emission reduction
On the surface, carbon emission reduction is an environmental problem, but its essence involves the great interests of countries in economy and politics, and it has evolved into a comprehensive problem including science, society, economy, diplomacy and law. In order to provide an important basis for China's government to conduct relevant international negotiations, it is suggested that scientific and technological authorities, universities and research institutes should conduct research on carbon emission reduction as soon as possible. The research topics include the formulation of laws and regulations related to carbon trading and preferential support policies, the feasibility analysis of carbon tax collection, the effect analysis of carbon emission reduction, and the quantitative and pricing research on carbon emission reduction. In addition, we should tackle key core technologies of developing a low-carbon economy through scientific and technological research, and promote the establishment of a low-carbon technological innovation and achievement transformation system with enterprises as the main body and Industry-University-Research as the combination.
4. Use the clean development mechanism to obtain technical and financial support for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
China does not need to undertake specific emission reduction obligations before 212. Therefore, it should make full use of the clean production mechanism (CDM) in the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (28-212) and further formulate effective emission reduction policies on the basis of the Measures for the Operation and Management of CDM Projects. First, it is necessary to strengthen the training of China's CDM potential management departments and enterprises, promote the popularization of scientific knowledge and technology related to climate change, carbon dioxide emission reduction actions and clean development mechanism, and avoid information asymmetry with foreign buyers, business entities and project development consulting institutions in CDM project development; The second is to cultivate the intermediary market. Intermediary market is the key to develop CDM mechanism, so we should encourage private institutions and financial institutions to enter, attach importance to the role of financial institutions as financial intermediaries and transaction intermediaries, and allow financial intermediaries to purchase or jointly develop CDM projects with project owners; Third, expand the scope of potential CDM projects, avoid the loss of qualified potential CDM projects, and expand the coverage areas and departments of project development and consulting capacity building; Fourth, it is necessary to strengthen the coordinated management of CDM project development, guide the overall direction of CDM project development, avoid disorderly competition and unreasonable interest distribution in project development, and protect the deserved interests of the state and enterprises; Fifth, it is necessary to increase investment in scientific research and conduct in-depth research on key issues that hinder the development progress and quantity of CDM projects in China.
5. Continue to promote China Green Carbon Fund and develop "forest carbon sinks"
To develop a low-carbon economy, we should not only effectively curb and reduce the emissions of "carbon sources", but also work hard on "carbon sinks". Forest is the largest carbon storage and the most economical carbon absorber on land. According to the estimation of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), there are 24,8 trillion tons of carbon stored in global terrestrial ecosystems, of which 11,5 trillion tons are stored in forest ecosystems. Scientific research shows that for every cubic meter of forest growth, it absorbs about 1.83 tons of carbon dioxide on average. At present, the international community pays more and more attention to the convergence of carbon dioxide absorbed by forests. The Bonn Political Agreement and the Marrakesh Agreement incorporate forestry activities such as afforestation and reforestation into the clean development mechanism established by the Kyoto Protocol, and encourage countries to offset part of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial sources through greening and afforestation, and take afforestation and reforestation as clean development mechanism projects. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, China should continue to try to create forest carbon sinks through the Kyoto mechanism to solve the climate problem. In addition, the "China Green Carbon Fund" should be widely promoted in China to raise funds through multiple channels. According to reports, China Green Carbon Fund is the first public fund specially launched in China to support the development of "carbon sink forest" and the action to deal with climate change. The funds entered into this fund are mainly used to carry out afforestation and other related work aimed at increasing "carbon sink", providing a platform for enterprises to voluntarily reduce emissions, and also providing opportunities for forestry to commercialize ecological benefits.
6, in-depth publicity to guide the public to "low-carbon" consumption
Energy conservation in the field of consumption is closely related to people's lifestyle, so it is necessary to carry out publicity and education for the whole people, and strengthen the education of "low-carbon lifestyle" for government officials, ordinary people and students through the media, non-governmental organizations, schools, etc., so as to form a good social atmosphere in which energy conservation is proud and energy waste is ashamed.