in p>25, the development of science and technology in Belgium was stable, the science and technology policy centered on the construction of innovation system was constantly updated and improved, the investment in scientific research was gradually increased, the development of scientific and technological human resources was highly valued by the government, the diversified scientific research activities of sharing resources and horizontal joint were increasingly active, and international scientific and technological cooperation was increasing. However, the current situation of scientific and technological development is not as expected. With the increasing development of science and technology, the bottleneck problem that restricts scientific and technological innovation and development has become more and more prominent, especially in the declining position in the EU's scientific and technological innovation benchmark index system, which has prompted the Belgian federal government to adapt to the situation at any time and successively implemented a series of important scientific and technological innovation plans and measures such as "talent return plan", "innovation fund", "Belgium research area" and "joint research and development". At the same time, the Walloon Region launched the "Michel Plan" aimed at promoting economic and technological development, the Flemish Region increased investment in research and development, and the Brussels Capital Region vigorously promoted technological innovation activities.
In terms of scientific and technological development, Belgium has also made important scientific and technological progress in space science, biomedicine, microelectronics and environmental science.
1. Trends of the federal government's science and technology policy
(1) Promoting the development of human resources and realizing the sustainable development of science and technology
(2) Establishing an "innovation fund" to provide conditions for the development of science and technology enterprises
(3) Establishing R&D; D3% high-level group, providing information consultation for science, technology and innovation decision
(4) planning to create a "Belgian research area" to enhance Belgium's international scientific research status
(5) taking the road of joint research and development to promote the development of high-tech industries
2. Policies and measures for the development of science and technology in three administrative regions
Belgium's current federalism, except for space science, nuclear energy research, product standards and so on.
(1) The Flemish region has outstanding scientific and technological advantages
(2) The Walloon region relies on science and technology to revive its economy
(3) The capital Brussels region strengthens its scientific research and technological innovation
3. Strengthening the space legislation system
With the rapid development of international space technology, the United Nations has successively formulated conventions and treaties on outer space since the 195s, and countries all over the world have also formulated them. In order to adapt to and promote the development of Belgium's own space technology and protect its legitimate rights and interests in outer space, the Belgian Federal Parliament passed the Space Law (referred to as the Space Law) on June 28, 25, which marked the substantial progress in Belgium's policy and legal research on outer space and provided a basis for legal issues that may arise in space communication, navigation, monitoring and air traffic management in the future.
4. Continuously improve the construction of national innovation system
The construction of Belgian national innovation system started in 1996, and has taken shape so far. Its main feature is to comprehensively optimize the construction of national innovation system with the core of cultivating innovation culture, building a legal framework conducive to innovation, and from scientific research to innovation.
in cultivating innovative culture: strengthen innovative education and training; Encourage the mutual mobility of researchers, teachers and students; Improve public awareness of innovation and participation; Strengthen the innovation mechanism and management construction of enterprises; Support innovative decision-making; Encourage joint innovation.
In building a legal framework conducive to innovation: strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights; Simplify administrative procedures; Improve the legal and legislative environment; Increase financial support for innovation; Improve preferential tax policies.
from scientific research to innovation: strengthen scientific research activities, especially those of enterprises; Support the establishment of technology-based enterprises; Strengthen mutual cooperation among scientific research institutes, universities and enterprises; Improve the technological digestion and absorption capacity building of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises.
The success of Belgium's national innovation system depends to a great extent on the participation of three administrative regions, namely Flanders, Walloon and Brussels Capital, in the innovation system. Therefore, the federal government calls on all regions to take corresponding practical actions, and Qi Xin will make concerted efforts to build Belgium's national innovation system.
5. R&D expenditure input and output indicators
The Belgian government has always attached importance to R&D activities, regarding it as the driving force to enhance the national productivity and competitiveness and promote the sustainable development of society and economy, and has always placed R&D and innovation at a strategic height, and constantly encouraged and spurred the development of R&D activities in Belgium by using the evaluation system of R&D and innovation activities indicators, so as to realize the R&D set by the European Union in 21; D expenditure accounts for 3% of GDP.
(1) R&D expenditure index
Belgian R&D in p>25 (R&; D) Expenditure is about 5.515 billion euros, accounting for 2.17% of GDP.
just r&; D In terms of funding sources, 65% came from enterprises, 21% came from government departments, and others accounted for 14%.
since 1999, Belgian R& D the expenditure has been above 2% year after year, which is higher than the EU average of 1.93%, but still significantly lower than the R&D of Britain, France, Germany and the Netherlands; D countries with high investment. In view of this, the Belgian government decided to increase the R& D investment, and strive to achieve R& by 21; D expenditure accounts for 3% of GDP.
(2) Human resources
Belgium now has a full-time work equivalent R&; D personnel 56, person-years, accounting for about 1.26% of the labor force. R& D the number of personnel has increased at an average annual rate of 5.4% since 1995. From R& D In terms of personnel distribution, 63% are from enterprises and 29% are from universities, which once again shows that enterprises are the main executive departments of R&D activities in Belgium.
(3) Output indicators
Scientific papers. According to the latest statistics of the Federal Office for Science and Technology Policy, in 22, the number of scientific papers published in Belgium per 1, population was 11.6, accounting for 1.2% in the international and 3.7% in the EU respectively, and the citation rate of scientific papers was about 1.%.
patents. Since 1991, the number of patent applications accepted by Belgium in the European Patent Office and the United States Patent and Trademark Office has been on the rise, reaching more than 1,4 in 22, among which information and communication technology (ICT) and biotechnology account for the largest proportion, accounting for 2% and 14% respectively, accounting for about one third of the total number of applications.
import and export of high-tech products. The main trading partners of Belgium's high-tech products import and export are Britain, Germany, France and the Netherlands, accounting for two-thirds of its total import and export.
6. Trends of international scientific and technological cooperation
The Belgian federal government actively advocates the policy of foreign scientific and technological cooperation, and has signed bilateral scientific and technological cooperation agreements with China, Russian Federation, France, Bulgaria, Poland, Argentina, Vietnam and other countries so far. The cooperation areas are mainly space and environmental protection technologies. By setting up a joint committee for bilateral scientific and technological cooperation, it plans, guides and coordinates the development of cooperative projects.
7. Main scientific research trends
The birth of "medical baby".
set up a stem cell research institute.
breakthroughs have been made in cancer research.
A new discovery of isoprene oxide in atmospheric aerosol.
build an Antarctic research ship.
A new method for detecting surface water samples comes out.
A new breakthrough has been made in the theoretical study of hepatitis.
The experiment used measles vaccine to treat AIDS.
GSK's research is based on a non-human adenovirus and another vaccine made with ADJUVANT.
progress has been made in the research of nano-electronics and microelectronics. Nitrogen flash memory technology is expected to make a breakthrough.
miniature temperature difference generator comes out.
193 nm immersion lithography technology has been successfully applied.
in addition, with the completion of IMEC3 mm wafer clean room, it also provides a good platform for its research and development in the field of 45 nm electronics.
The Belgian government is worried about bird flu.