The exploitation and utilization of mineral resources is like a double-edged sword, which not only plays a great role in promoting economic development, but also affects and destroys the ecological environment to varying degrees. Ecological compensation of mineral resources refers to compensation for ecological damage caused by mineral resources development and restoration of ecological environment. A perfect ecological compensation system for mineral resources can effectively reduce and curb the damage to the environment during the development and utilization of mineral resources. However, ecological compensation for mineral resources in China has been carried out for many years, but the progress is slow. At present, the problems faced by China's mine environmental governance include low mine reclamation rate, and environmental governance is not included in the scope of corporate responsibility; The ecological compensation of mineral resources has not formed a real legal system; The fund-raising lacks a benign operation mechanism and the source of special funds is single; The funds needed for environmental control and ecological restoration are not included in the scope of compensation expenses, and the collection standard is low; Special funds can not meet the actual needs of ecological restoration. Hu, a professor at China University of Mining and Technology, believes that with the promulgation of the Regulations on Ecological Compensation, China should speed up the unification of legislation and policies in the field of ecological compensation for mineral resources. Establish and improve the supporting legal system with the "Regulations on Ecological Compensation" as the core. At the national level, separate legislation and implementation rules should be formulated, such as the Measures for the Management of Mineral Resources Ecological Compensation Margin, and local governments should also formulate specific implementation measures in light of local conditions, so that the practice of ecological compensation has sufficient legal basis. At the same time, due to the establishment of departmental management mode of division of labor according to resource elements in China's administrative institutions, it is easy to strengthen departmental interests and weaken unified supervision, and it is difficult to form an organic whole. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a coordination mechanism between mine environmental management and ecological restoration administrative departments in line with China's national conditions. The historical characteristics of resource development in China determine that the destruction of mine ecological environment has both historical "old accounts" and "new accounts". In the past, the profits of mining enterprises were turned over to the state, and enterprises were only responsible for production. Therefore, it is obviously unreasonable for enterprises to bear the "old debt" caused by ecological damage in the past. Hu believes that the ecological damage caused by the planned economy in the past should be compensated and repaired by the state as a compensator. We can gradually restore and control the mine ecological damage under the planned economy by setting up the "abandoned mine ecological restoration and management fund", and realize the compensation and repair of the "old account" of the past ecological damage. One of the main sources of the fund is to collect ecological compensation fees from mining enterprises that are producing abandoned mines. According to relevant research, the standard of ecological compensation fee should be less than 1% of the selling price of tons of ore, and its essence is that producers give some compensation or compulsory sponsorship to the historical "old account" of ecological damage caused by mining of contemporary people and ancestors. At the same time, the current cost accounting system of mining enterprises should be reformed, and the ecological environment compensation and restoration costs of mining enterprises should be included in the cost of mining enterprises. In the current cost accounting system of mining enterprises, the compensation and restoration fees for ecological environment of mining enterprises are not included in the cost of mining enterprises, and the expenses for restoration and treatment of ecological environment damage are not internalized by enterprises, which is not conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of mining enterprises and promoting the restoration of ecological environment in mining areas, and should be reformed. Most mines in China are located in remote mountainous areas, far from the economic development center, and the commercial value of reclaimed land is relatively small. Some experts believe that in order to overcome this contradiction, we can consider the synchronous sales of mine reclamation, construction land reclamation or industrial land reclamation, with high efficiency, and the income from land development after reclamation can make up for the loss of mine reclamation. That is to explore the resource utilization and market-oriented way of mine management projects, and establish a synchronous sales mechanism of coal mine reclamation and efficient reclamation.