As a major component of the social security system, the pension insurance system also constitutes an important part of the socialist market economic system. The system itself needs to be standardized, and the government and finance's intervention and management in the field of basic pension insurance must also be standardized.

Financial intervention in the field of basic pension insurance should mainly consider three major aspects: social insurance tax, pension fund budget management and pension insurance financial subsidy system.

Obtaining basic pension insurance funds through social insurance taxes. Currently, the way countries around the world obtain basic pension insurance funds is the financing model. There are usually three forms: tax payment system, contribution system and pre-funding fund system (mandatory savings).

By comparing the three financing models, we believe that the social insurance tax is more efficient than the payment system, has a stronger restraint mechanism than the pre-funding system and the payment system, and can better reflect the requirements of the market economy than the payment system and the pre-funding system.

Fairness of requirements.

Therefore, obtaining social insurance funds, including basic pension insurance funds, through social insurance taxes is a choice that is in line with my country's current reality and the objective requirements of reform and development.

To this end, we have tried to design a social insurance tax plan suitable for our country. The plan is as follows: - Determination of taxpayers and tax objects: all urban employers, including enterprises (state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, private enterprises

, joint-stock enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, etc.), government agencies, public institutions, social groups, private non-enterprise units and their employees should all become social insurance tax taxpayers.

Farmers who go to cities to engage in profitable industrial and commercial activities for more than one year should also become taxpayers of social insurance tax.

Enterprises and institutions use the total wages of employees as the subject of social insurance tax, and private owners and individual industrial and commercial households can be taxed on the amount of income from personal income tax.

——Determination of tax rate: The determination of tax rate is the difficulty in levying the entire social insurance tax. Whether it is reasonable or not is related to the smooth operation of the entire social insurance system.

Generally speaking, pension insurance should choose a partial accumulation model, while unemployment, medical, and work-related injury insurance can choose a pay-as-you-go model.

In the design of tax rates, comprehensive consideration should be given to how to meet the needs of different insurance types for insurance funds.

Judging from foreign experience, some countries only design the total social insurance tax rate and then divide it into tax rates payable by enterprises and individuals; other countries set tax rates based on insurance items and break them down into tax rates for corporate units and individuals.

The design of my country's social insurance tax rate should set a total tax rate and break it down into tax rates for corporate entities and individuals.

The collection amount can then be decomposed into pension insurance funds, unemployment insurance funds, medical insurance funds, work-related injury insurance funds, and maternity insurance funds in fixed proportions.

According to relevant calculations, the proportion of the five social insurance expenditures in the wage income of urban employees reached a maximum of only 27.7% in 2005, which is far lower than the current actual payment rate of the five social insurances of 40.6%. This shows that the current payment rate is too high.

The main reason is that the current social insurance coverage is still mainly limited to state-owned enterprises, and state-owned enterprises are the economic sector with the heaviest pension, unemployment, and medical burdens. A large number of non-state-owned economies have not been developed for a long time, and the burden of social insurance expenditures is relatively light.

Therefore, expanding social insurance coverage is an important way to reduce the burden of social insurance and reduce social insurance payment rates.

We believe that it is completely feasible to design my country's social insurance tax rate at around 30% before 2005.

——Taxpayer burden: If the total social insurance tax rate is 30.6%, the enterprise unit will bear 19.6%, including 12% for pension insurance, 4% for medical insurance, 2% for unemployment insurance, 1% for work-related injury, and 1% for maternity insurance.

0.6%; 11% is borne by individual employees, including 8% for pension insurance, 2% for medical insurance, and 1% for unemployment insurance. This can reflect the principle of equivalence of social insurance rights and obligations and the principle of reasonable sharing between enterprises and individuals.

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——Divide the collected social insurance taxes into corresponding insurance funds.

We believe that the 30.6% social insurance tax collection can be divided according to the following proportions: 20% as pension insurance fund; 3% as unemployment insurance fund, 6% as medical insurance fund, 1% as work-related injury insurance fund, and 0.6% as maternity insurance fund.

insurance fund.

Among them, 20% of the pension insurance funds can be partially accumulated according to the above calculations to meet the demand for pension insurance funds as the population ages in the future.

——Establish a basic social insurance "personal account".

Among the five social insurance projects, only pension insurance and medical insurance are suitable for establishing "personal accounts".

The "personal account" of the pension insurance includes the 8% social insurance tax paid by the individual, and 2-4% should be deducted from the social insurance tax paid by the business unit; the "personal account" of the medical insurance includes the 2% social insurance tax paid by the individual.

In part, 1% should also be allocated from the social insurance tax paid by business units. ——Establish a "social pooling fund" for pension insurance and medical insurance.

Of the 12% of the social insurance tax paid by the enterprise, except for 2-4% that goes into the pension insurance "personal account", the remaining 8-10% goes into the pension insurance social pooling fund; the 4% part of the social insurance tax paid by the enterprise, except

In addition to 1% going into the medical insurance "personal account", 3% goes into the medical insurance social pooling fund.